Introduction to: Digital Data Modes. Lynn A. Nelson W0ND. RRRA Hamfest & ARRL ND State Convention Sept 30, 2017 West Fargo, ND

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1 Introduction to: Digital Data Modes Lynn A. Nelson W0ND RRRA Hamfest & ARRL ND State Convention Sept 30, 2017 West Fargo, ND

2 Digital Mode Communications What is Digital Mode Communications? ON & Off Modulation, ON & Off Demodulation Survey of some popular digital modes... What the heck are all those weird-sounding stations I hear as I tune around the bands? Setting up your station for using the Digital Modes SSB rig + Sound Card + PC + Software = Digital Communications So what s holding you back!

3 Digital Communications Analog Tone ON Tone OFF Tones 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, Voice CW Digital

4 So Many Digital Modes? PSK31, RTTY, Fax, JT65, SSTV, Hellschreiber, MFS16, Packet, PACTOR, APRS, Olivia, JT6M, WSPR, and the new FT-8!

5 PSK31 Digital Mode The Undisputed King! Debuted in 1999, Excellent Weak Signal Effectiveness Most popular HF digital mode Heard near: 3.580, 7.070, , MHz Phase Shift Keying is the the most popular of the newer digital modes. Because bandwidth only 31Hz, many signals can fit into the same bandwidth occupied by an SSB signal (2.4kHz approx.). Quite common to see 15 or more signals on a 2.5kHz waterfall display.

6 RTTY (Radio Teletype) One of the oldest HF digital modes Hams began using it immediately after WW II. Most popular contest and DX mode. Heard near: 7.040, , MHz Been around for many, many years and is still just as popular. Years ago the only way to get on RTTY was to use a mechanical terminal unit such as the Model 19 series, which were big, noisy and messy. Today virtually all RTTY is done by the computer/soundcard combination. Hams use 45 baud (the speed) with 170Hz shift (between mark and space). Commercial stations use 50 or 100 baud with shifts of 425 or even 850Hz. Most software caters for differing speeds and shifts. Unlike most digital modes, RTTY is transmitted on LSB.

7 Packet Radio Declining popularity, but still heard Used for message forwarding, APRS and some live keyboard-to-keyboard QSOs. HF forwarding heard near MHz APRS near MHz Live QSOs at MHz HF mailboxes etc. use packet to forward messages to users. Usual data rate on HF is 300 baud, with 1200 and 9600 baud being common place at VHF and UHF. Picture shows a mailbox/bbs in Turkey negotiating with a BBS in the UK. Short burst at the bottom of the picture is header and callsign information. Longer burst is the actual data. Packet BBS/mailboxes can be heard chirping around 14.1MHz.

8 JT65 Developed originally as part of the WSJT weak signal modes software package by Joe K1JT. Used for moon bounce and extremely weak signals Each character is a single tone about 5 Hz apart Very slow, each character takes ½ second Time synch, station s clocks must be very accurate Error correction Has found a use on HF and can be found around MHz and MHz amongst others. Signals that are virtually inaudible can give perfect copy so its performance is excellent on the noisy HF bands.

9 New! FT-8 The latest mode in the Amateur Radio Digital World! The latest digital mode to capture the imagination of the Amateur Radio community has been luring away many of those already using the popular JT65 weak-signal mode. Among its biggest advantages is a shorter transmit-receive cycle, meaning quicker contacts. Contacts are four times faster than with JT65 or JT9, and an entire FT8 contact can take place in about 1 minute. The new mode is named after its developers, Steven Franke, K9AN, and Joe Taylor, K1JT. The numeral designates the mode s 8-frequency shift keying format. Tones are spaced at 6.25 Hz, and an FT8 signal occupies just 50 Hz. Signals that are virtually inaudible can give perfect copy so its performance is excellent on the noisy HF bands.

10 FT-8 FT8 Mode is: Unlike JT65 or JT9, transmit and receive cycles in FT8 each last about 15 seconds. Like JT65, FT8 requires accurate time synchronization. Is an excellent mode for HF DXing. Makes fast and reliable completion of QSOs desirable. Used for moon bounce and extremely weak signals Each character is a single tone about 5 Hz apart, very slow, and each character takes ½ second Error Correction, Time synch, station s clocks must be very accurate Can be found around MHz and MHz amongst others. Signals that are virtually inaudible can give perfect copy so its performance is excellent on the noisy HF bands.

11 Designing a HF Digital Station Most amateur HF digital modes are sound-card based. The sound card advantage: Once you ve wired your station for one HF mode, you can work another by just selecting a different mode in the software. Software: - FLDIGI, SSB transceiver A (good) Sound Card (An external USB sound card is most flexible) A (fast) PC

12 The Computer For Windows Vista, Window 7, or Windows 10, etc invest in a 1 GHz machine For Macs, a modern imac Of course, faster is always better! Use built-in sound card or use an external USB sound card

13 The Sound Card The heart of your HF digital station Converts received audio to data Converts data to transmit audio Stereo, if you wish to do SDR with I & Q channels Connects to PC over USB Higher sampling rates are better (e.g., 24-bit, 96 khz or better)

14 External Sound Cards & Interfaces

15 Meet The Sound Card Interface

16 Computer Radio Interface

17 Make Your Own Push to Talk Interface

18 All Kinds of Software Available

19 Fldigi Software Fldigi, the Fast Light Digital modem application, is a free and open-source program which allows an ordinary computer's sound card to be used as a simple two-way data modem.

20 DigiPan Software A Freeware Program for PSK31 and PSK63. DigiPan stands for "Digital Panoramic Tuning" and brings the ease and simplicity of PANORAMIC reception and transmission to PSK31and PSK63 operation

21 Ham Radio Deluxe Software The Ham Radio Deluxe Software Suite is the best asset you can add to your hamshack. It includes the following for ham radio operators: Rig Control Logbook Digital Master Satellite Tracking Rotor Control

22 The Worst PSK31 Signals Ever!

23 Be Careful with Audio Levels Too much transmit audio will distort your signal, especially with PSK31. Increase the sound output from your computer or interface until you see ALC activity, then reduce ALC.

24 Join the Digital Radio World! Join the thousands of hams using digital modes daily Another way to provide help in emergency communication situations Expand your own horizons with new opportunities: Digital contests, awards, ragchewing, swap nets, EmComm, Help to push the technology envelope by using one of the emerging modes

25 Any Questions on Digital Modes? Lynn A. Nelson - W0ND Minot, ND w0nd.com

26 Introduction to: RRRA Hamfest & ARRL ND State Convention Sept 30, 2017 West Fargo, ND

27 What is AREDN? An Amateur Radio Emergency Data Network (AREDN ) is a high speed data network built with Amateur Radio Operators and Emergency Communications Infrastructure in mind. AREDN is self-configuring and self-healing. Where possible, AREDN will establish connections with as many other AREDN compatible devices (nodes) as possible and form a redundant mesh like network.

28 What is AREDN? AREDN nodes automatically finds the most reliable nodes (greatest chance of success on packet delivery) to attempt delivery of the packets sent across the network. One need not know the exact path to get to the destination, only to know what the destination is. AREDN uses commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) hardware originally intended to be used for unlicensed WIFI and repurposes it to fits the needs of Amateur Radio Operators. By using such common gear we are able to benefit from affordable pricing and easy availability of reliable communications gear.

29 What is AREDN? By itself AREDN is only a networking technology - it provides the basis to move traffic around. It can be thought of as similar to a radio or a repeater, where the infrastructure is an AREDN node and the content that flows across it is one that the local users decide. Networks built on top of AREDN are IP based, very similar to but not dependent upon, the Internet and operating under the rules for Amateur Radio operators. Well-used publicly documented protocols (IPv4) are utilized to provide the greatest flexibility to local implementers of these high speed networks.

30 What is AREDN? Examples of what has been and can be deployed across these networks are: Computer Aided Dispatch (Responder management) Incident response and mapping solutions Static and video imagery of evolving situations. Real-time communications and systems Winlink message networks Asset management and monitoring (Repeater control, solar power management, etc)

31 What is AREDN? With the flexibility that this solution provides, you can now deploy infrastructure to serve the local community by providing the ability to send the data. On the Internet you can find a high-level "how to" on designing a wide-area mesh for restoring Inter/intra data-networking during disasters when primary network infrastructure has failed. There are various applications in support of EMCOMM and civic events, design considerations in building a network, and real world examples.

32 What is AREDN? Activity in California

33 What is AREDN? Activity in the Fargo Area. Anyone have an update?

34 Introduction to: Operating Internet Remote Radio Lynn A. Nelson W0ND RRRA Hamfest & ARRL ND State Convention Sept 30, 2017 West Fargo, ND

35 What is an Internet Remote Radio? Operate From Anywhere You Have Internet Access All you need is a computer and a microphone Fully Operational Stations.. Not Just Repeater Access SSB, AM, FM, CW 160 thru 2 meters Enjoy RagChews, Nets, Contests, Chasing DX Provides the Look and Feel of Your Local Station Control of Radio, Antenna Selection, Rotator Control, Amplifiers

36 What is an Internet Remote Radio? An R a n t en est s n o i r ic t Ed Travel D i ff e rent Pr o p a ga License Upgrade uc a ti on al D em os No Radio t io n Mo Y r n it o i S r u o l a gn

37 Using the Internet Remote Radio Overcoming a Restricted Location Condo, Apartment, Hotel, Hospital, etc. Overcoming Equipment Problems Continue Net Ops After Storm Damages Antenna Continue Scheduled Ops During House Move Optimizing Propagation Continue Schedules After Moving Across Country Foreign Hams Enjoying North America QSOs Anytime

38 Using the Internet Remote Radio Special Operations Blind Operators Operating HF Without Special Equipment Monitoring Station Performance On Air Testing of New Antennas Audio Checks

39 Operating a Remote Radio Station Control Interface Audio Interface S-Meter, Forward Power, SWR Updated Continuously Standard Radio Interface for all Stations Mouse and/or Keyboard Commanding Push-to-Talk Control Level Control for Rx and Tx Audio Multiple Remote Radio s Available Unique User Login ID and Password

40 Operating a Remote Radio Frequency Mode and IF Fiters PreAmp & Attenuator RF Power Antenna Rotator Notch and Noise Reduction Select Bands AGC Antenna Tuner RIT Tx / Rx Equalization AF and RF Gains Push-to-Talk Mic Gain

41 Who Can Use a Remote Radio? Based on FCC Regulations Any Licensed U.S. Ham Limited to the Privileges of Their Own License Any Foreign Amateur From a Country Having a Reciprocal Operating Agreement With the US Limited to the Privileges of their Own License and the Reciprocal Agreement The Station Owner May Impose Other Restrictions Limit Users Based On Station Objectives, e.g. Club Station Unique Operational Guidelines

42 Who Is the Control Operator? Each User Is Assigned A Unique Login And Password The Remote User Is The Control Operator Has Full Control Over Transmissions Freq, Mode, Power, Duration The Internet Acts As a Long Microphone Cord Between The Control Operator and The Station The Remote Users Sign Their Own Callsigns They Must Indicate That The Transmissions Are Actually Via The Internet Remote Radio Station They Must Abide By The Callsign Requirements in the Reciprocal Agreements

43 ND Internet Remote Stations W0ND Minot, ND Kenwood TS480 SAT, 80 meter Dipole & G5RV Dipole Supports operation on 80 through 10 Meters K0VF Center, ND Kenwood TS2000, Dipole & Vertical Supports operations 160 through 2 meters (HF-VHFUHF)

44 What can you use it for? Make Club and Contest Stations Always Available to their Members Facilitate Demonstration and Operation of Amateur Radio at ANY School Talk Around the World Directly From the School Facilitate Demonstration of Amateur Radio at Public Events Museum Exhibits Shopping Malls, etc.. Special Events, Conventions, etc..

45 What can you use it for? Could Provide A Standard Interface For Disabled Amateurs Keyboard Only (i.e. No Mouse) Interface Voice Command Interface is Possible World-wide Uses - Could Make RagChews Between Foreign Hams an Everyday Experience Expand the International Flavor of Ham Radio Make it More Interesting and Exciting To Attract New Hams

46 Let s give it a try! Using Remote Hams ORB Keyboard Only (i.e. No Mouse) Interface Voice Command Interface is Possible World-wide Uses - Could Make RagChews Between Foreign Hams an Everyday Experience Expand the International Flavor of Ham Radio Make it More Interesting and Exciting To Attract New Hams Use it on a Computer or Smart Phone!

47 You can buy a complete unit The Remote Radio Unit ORB Control Device ($189.99) Portable Online Remote Base Solution by RemoteHams.com Are you tired of using your keyboard or mouse for TX control? Talk on a remote using a microphone with PTT or pound away on your favorite paddle. Easily integrate digital mode or logging software to remotes on RemoteHams.com! Enjoy the added bonus of a built-in sound card for that full rich sound. All possible with a single USB connection to your PC.

48 Any Questions on Internet Remote Radio? Alex will b e 10 v. 9th! o N n o ld 0 years o Lynn A. Nelson - W0ND Minot, ND w0nd.com

49 Thank You! Vote for me for the ARRL Dakota Division Vice-Director! Lynn A. Nelson - W0ND Minot, ND My website is:

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