Electromagnetic Wave Engineering

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Chad Flowers
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1 Electromagnetic Wave Engineering EWE 1! Grading policy. " Homework 25%. " Laboratory 25%. " Midterm exam 30%. " Final report 20%.! Office hour: 3:10 ~ 4:00 pm, Tuesday.! Textbook: D. K. Cheng, Field and Wave Electromagnetics.! Textbook: D. M. Pozar, Microwave and RF Design of Wireless Systems.! Reference 1: D. M. Pozar, Microwave Engineering, 3 rd Edition.! Reference 2: Ramo, Whinnery, Van Duzer, Fields and Waves in Communication Electronics, 3rd. Edition.! Contents " Electromagnetics

2 EWE 2 - Waveguides - Antennas " Waves propagating in Non-simple Media - Wave in anisotropic dielectric - Wave in nonlinear material - Wave in magnetic material - Wave in inhomogeneous material " Some Important Electromagnetic Theories " Microwave Engineering - Transmission Lines - Microwave Network Analysis - Impedance Matching

3 Overview EWE 3! Applications of Electromagnetic Waves " Communications - Mobile Phones. - Wireless Network. " Remote Sensing - Earth Monitoring. - Large Scale Agriculture. - Geographic Survey. - Radio Astronomy. " Detection - Radar. - Land Mine Detection. " Medical Diagnosis and Treatment.

4 EWE 4 Remote Sensing Radio Astronomy

Freq: 300 MHz ~10 GHz Very Large Array Total: 27.

5 EWE 5 Size: 305 m in Diameter. Location: Puerto Rico. Freq: 300 MHz ~10 GHz Very Large Array Total: km in Diameter. Individual Size: 25 m in Diameter. Location: New Mexico, USA. Freq: 300 MHz ~10 GHz

6 EWE 6 Radar Ballistic Missile Early Warning System (BMEWS) Size: 31 m in Diameter (10 floor). Freq: 420~450 MHz. Range: ~ 5000 km. Number of Elements: Average Output Power: 89 W. Total Power: Cost: NT$58608 million for two.

7 Microwave Thermokeratoplasty! Reshaping cornea by heating cornea with microwaves.! Application: myopia treatment.! Benifit over Radial keratotomy (RK), photorefractive keratectomy (PRK): avoid optical zone. EWE 7

8 EWE 8 Microwave Ablation! Treatment for atrial fibrillation.! Microwave is delivered to the myocardium via a probe, to create thermal lesions to disrupt or eliminate the conduction pathways supporting arrhythmia.

9 EWE 9 Microwave Tomography! Benefits Comparing to CT " Tissues vary significantly in electric properties in MW frequency. Examples: - ischemic versus normal heart muscle, - normal versus malignant breast tissue, - normal bone versus leukemic marrow. " No ionizing effect. " Can detect temperature, blood content, blood oxygenation, and etc.! Examples " Breast tissues at 800 MHz: - Normal mammary tissues: permittivity 16, electrical conductivity 0.16 S/m - Malignant breast tumor: permittivity 57.2, electrical conductivity 1.08 S/m. " Heart tissue - Dielectric constant: 5 for fat v.s. 56 for myocardium at 2.5 GHz. - Contrast range of X-ray: <2%. - Contrast range of Ultrasound: <10%.

10 A breast image system EWE 10

11 Reconstructed Images of a Canine Thorax EWE 11

12 EWE 12 Low-Intensity Millimeter-Waves in Medical Treatments! Benefits " Anti-inflammatory effect and stimulation of tissue repair and regeneration. " Stimulation of the immune function. " Sedative and analgesic effects.! Example: Rabbits with cutaneous wounds exposed for 30 min a day (37 GHz CW). " Mean daily decrease in wound surface area: 7.9% v.s. 3.2%.! Example: In mice anesthetized by either ketamine or chloral hydrate, MMW irradiation of the nasal area (61.22 GHz, 15 min at 15 mw/cm ) prolonged the drug-induced sleep by up to 50%.! Example: Acute pain tolerance in human volunteers exposed to GHz MMW s at 25 ± 5 mw/cm for 30 min were evaluated by 37.7%.! Example: gastric and duodenal ulcers exposed to 10 mw/cm, GHz MMW for 30 min daily. " MMW-treated patients: 95.3% ulcers cicatrized with mean healing duration of 19.8 ± 0.45 days. " Not treated patients: 78 % ulcers cicatrized with mean healing duration of 33.6 ± 1.12 days.! Example: rehabilitation of patients after myocardial infarction (59 63 GHz, 7 mw/cm ) " MMW-treated patients: 100% Cardiac muscle repolarization improved. " Not treated patients: 48.8% Cardiac muscle repolarization improved.! Example: pulmonary tuberculosis. " MMW-treated patients: 50% achieved clearance of tuberculosis in two months. " Not treated patients: 29% achieved clearance of tuberculosis in two months.

13 EWE 13 Electromagnetic Rail Gun

Physical Therapy. Methods in Physical Therapy. Non-electric heat therapy Therapeutique application of electric current

Physical Therapy. Methods in Physical Therapy. Non-electric heat therapy Therapeutique application of electric current Physical Therapy Methods in Physical Therapy Hubbard Hydrotherapy Tank, Carlos Andreson, Watercolour, 943 Non-Electric heat therapy (heating or cooling) Electrotherapy Ultrasound therapy Magneto-therapy