Q1. The diagram below shows three transparent glass blocks A, B and C joined together. Each glass block has a different refractive index.
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1 Q1. The diagram below shows three transparent glass blocks A, B and C joined together. Each glass block has a different refractive index. (a) State the two conditions necessary for a light ray to undergo total internal reflection at the boundary between two transparent media. condition 1... condition 2... (b) Calculate the speed of light in glass A. refractive index of glass A = 1.80 speed of light... ms 1 Page 1 of 11
2 (c) Show that angle θ is about 30 o. (d) The refractive index of glass C is Calculate the critical angle between glass A and glass C. critical angle... degrees (e) (i) State and explain what happens to the light ray when it reaches the boundary between glass A and glass C. On the diagram above continue the path of the light ray after it strikes the boundary between glass A and glass C. (Total 11 marks) Page 2 of 11
3 Q2. Earthquakes produce transverse and longitudinal seismic waves that travel through rock. The diagram below shows the displacement of the particles of rock at a given instant, for different positions along a transverse wave. (a) State the phase difference between (i) points A and B on the wave... points A and C on the wave... (b) Describe the motion of the rock particle at point B during the passage of the next complete cycle. (c) A scientist detects a seismic wave that is polarised. State and explain what the scientist can deduce from this information. (d) The frequency of the seismic wave is measured to be 6.0 Hz. (i) Define the frequency of a progressive wave. Page 3 of 11
4 Calculate the wavelength of the wave if its speed is m s 1. wavelength... m (Total 9 marks) Q3. The figure below shows two ways in which a wave can travel along a slinky spring. (a) State and explain which wave is longitudinal. (b) On the figure above, (i) clearly indicate and label the wavelength of wave B use arrows to show the direction in which the points P and Q are about to move as each wave moves to the right. Page 4 of 11
5 (c) Electromagnetic waves are similar in nature to wave A. Explain why it is important to correctly align the aerial of a TV in order to receive the strongest signal. (Total 7 marks) Q4. The figure below shows a glass prism. Light is directed into the prism at an angle of 56. The path of the ray of light is shown as is it enters the prism. (a) (i) Calculate the refractive index of the glass. answer =... Calculate the critical angle for the glass-air boundary. answer =... degrees Page 5 of 11
6 (b) On the figure above, continue the path of the ray of light until it emerges from the prism. (Total 6 marks) Q5. The diagram below shows a section of a typical glass step-index optical fibre used for communications. (a) Show that the refractive index of the core is (b) The refracted ray meets the core-cladding boundary at an angle exactly equal to the critical angle. (i) Complete the diagram above to show what happens to the ray after it strikes the boundary at X. Calculate the critical angle. (iii) Calculate the refractive index of the cladding. critical angle =...degrees refractive index =... Page 6 of 11
7 (c) Give two reasons why optical fibres used for communications have a cladding. reason reason (Total 8 marks) Q6. (a) Define the amplitude of a wave (b) (i) Other than electromagnetic radiation, give one example of a wave that is transverse.... State one difference between a transverse wave and a longitudinal wave (c) The figure below shows two identical polarising filters, A and B, and an unpolarised light source. The arrows indicate the plane in which the electric field of the wave oscillates. (i) If polarised light is reaching the observer, draw the direction of the transmission axis on filter B in the figure below. Page 7 of 11
8 The polarising filter B is rotated clockwise through 360º about line XY from the position shown in the figure above. On the axes below, sketch how the light intensity reaching the observer varies as this is done. (d) State one application, other than in education, of a polarising filter and give a reason for its use (Total 8 marks) Q7. Discuss the formation of stationary waves on a string or rope. Your account should include: a labelled diagram of a stationary wave the conditions necessary for stationary waves to form a definition of the terms node and antinode an explanation of how nodes and antinodes form. The quality of written communication will be assessed in your answer. (Total 6 marks) Page 8 of 11
9 Q8. When a note is played on a violin, the sound it produces consists of the fundamental and many overtones. Figure 1 shows the shape of the string for a stationary wave that corresponds to one of these overtones. The positions of maximum and zero displacement for one overtone are shown. Points A and B are fixed. Points X, Y and Z are points on the string. Figure 1 (a) (i) Describe the motion of point X. State the phase relationship between X and Y... X and Z... (b) The frequency of this overtone is 780 Hz. (i) Show that the speed of a progressive wave on this string is about 125 ms 1. Calculate the time taken for the string at point Z to move from maximum displacement back to zero displacement. answer =... s (3) Page 9 of 11
10 (c) The violinist presses on the string at C to shorten the part of the string that vibrates. Figure 2 shows the string between C and B vibrating in its fundamental mode. The length of the whole string is 320 mm and the distance between C and B is 240 mm. Figure 2 (i) State the name given to the point on the wave midway between C and B. Calculate the wavelength of this stationary wave. answer =... m (iii) Calculate the frequency of this fundamental mode. The speed of the progressive wave remains at 125 ms 1. answer =...Hz (Total 13 marks) Page 10 of 11
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