Flexible Roll-up Voice-Separation and Gesture-Sensing Human-Machine Interface with All-Flexible Sensors
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1 Flexible Roll-up Voice-Separation and Gesture-Sensing Human-Machine Interface with All-Flexible Sensors James C. Sturm, Levent Aygun, Can Wu, Murat Ozatay, Hongyang Jia, Sigurd Wagner, and Naveen Verma Department of Electrical Engineering Princeton Institute for the Science and Technology of Materials Princeton University, Princeton, NJ June 22, 2017
2 Hybrid Flexible Large-Area/CMOS IC Systems Work at Princeton Strain sensing poster/demo 2017 Flex: Levent Aygun Handwriting recognition demo at 2016 Flex: Can Wu & Tiffany Moy N. Verma et al, Scalable Hybrid Systems: Architectures for Exploiting Large-Area Electronics in Applications, Proc. IEEE (April 2015)
3 A Natural Human-Machine Interface Combine remote gesture sensing and voice isolation of multiple simultaneous speakers to control an electronic system, via a large- FHI sheet Flexible sheet enables easy deployment / installation Vision of future collaborative workspaces and personal socializing spaces. Platform will serve as a demonstrator of large flex hybrid systems. Natural means no clickers, no lapel mics, no invasive cameras, etc.
4 Remote Gesture Sensing Usual touch panels: fringing field to remote object shunted by nearby lines Our work: driving oscillating plane and nearby lines enables longdistance coupling Ultimate in capacitive sensing Sensing of gestures to > 30 cm Y. Hu, et al., IEEE Int. Solid-State Circuits Conf. 2014
5 Custom CMOS IC Large-Area Sensors Sensed C alters frequency of LC oscillator Scan through sensors sequentially Hybrid integration between large-area sensors and custom IC
6 Rigid Demos
7 Objective: Recover (isolate) voices of Speaker 1 and Speaker 2 when both speaking at once Signal Speaker 1 Direct Sound T1 T2 Mic d Microphone time difference of arrival (TDOA) has simple geometry TDOA = T1 T2 = d cos θ / velocity sound Interferer Speaker 2 Inverse beam-forming problem
8 Algorithm Step 1: Inverse Beam Forming Step 2: Binary Mask (throw out weak signals) Non-Blind Isolation Each individual speaks first one at a time System can identify spectral response pattern at all microphones from speaker location Up to 4 speakers at once Blind Isolation No training steps required More complicated (and less reliable) algorithm J. Sanz-Robinson et al, IEEE JSSC, 2016 J. Sanz-Robinson et al, ICASSP, 2016
9 Why Does the Array Need to be Large-Area? Rule of Thumb: 1 khz: λ = 1 foot
10 Microphone Technology: I Last Year: Commercial conventional mic s in 1-cm can, with integrated preamp
11 II. Flexible Piezoelectric Thin Film Microphones d 31 response Transparent (nanowire electrodes) Good angular response up to +/- 60 o J. Sanz-Robinson et al, IEEE JSSC, 2016
12 Resonant Modes Weaker Signal, resonant modes, and can t roll-up
13 Mic s. III: Planar Ferroelectrets Electrode Ferroelectret Electrode Substrate 1.5 cm Planar d 33 mode piezoelectric microphones with polymer ferroelectret materials ( EMFIT ) Can have >10X response of PVDF Flatter frequency response True planar structure for flexibility, roll-up form factor Found to be unreliable in practice, degrade quickly vs. time
14 Mic s. IV: Thin Film Strain Sensors Very good response on flexible sheets Why? 14
15 Microphone Mechanism Stretched Sensor No effect Compressed Sensor Sound sets up vibrations in substrate Sensors stretched/compressed laterally due to vibrations Really measuring substrate vibrations 15
16 Thin Film Strain Sensors Interdigitated electrodes Bundles of PZT rods Lateral bundles of PZT rods Dominant response is lateral voltage in response to lateral strain (stretching) Main response (d 33 ) is lateral, not vertical in this case d 31 response (to vertical compression) 100 X smaller 16
17 Front vs. Back? Mic on Back of Sheet Mic on Back of Sheet 7 mm x 28 mm, before pre-amp Similar response from mic s on front and back sides of sheet Can mount mic s on back of sheet Aesthetically appealing! 17
18 What You See: A 6-foot Window Shade 18
19 The Back Side Gesture-Sensing Electrodes: Patterned metal on Flex 16-Microphone Array 19
20 Back-Side Close-up Commercial Flex PCB (6 feet long) 7-mm x 80-mm microphone (16X) FHI Pre-Amp (16X) 20 It survived getting rolled up and shipped NJ to CA as checked baggage.
21 Demo: Combined Voice and Gesture Sensing System 21
22 Speaker Sensing and Isolation System (Flexible Back-side Mic s.) Time Signal (100 ms Frame): Simultaneous Speakers FFT Frequency Domain Beamforming Spectral Filtering Inverse FFT Reconstructed Time Signal (100 ms Frame) Speaker 1 Speaker 2 Target (Speakers Played Individually) Speaker 1 Speaker 2 Unprocessed Speech Separated Speech Processed by Algorithm Both Speakers Playing Simultaneously Speaker 1 Speaker 2
23 Our next FHI project: 3 Custom IC s 2 for voice 1 for gesture sensing Microprocessor Connects externally using single USB or BlueTooth HELP! 23
24 Current Work Integrate voice recognition on top of voice isolation Current results: ~ 50% of words recorded by flexible microphones Limited by SNR of mics, and poor spectral response Working on equalizers, reducing interference from gesture-sensing HF Collaborators wanted: come test and play with it! Generate application-driven market pull
25 Summary Flex-Hybrid System for Future Human-Machine interface Remote Gesture Sensing and Recognition Multiple-Speaker Isolation and Voice Recognition Both are people-scale : meters => hybrid system required Applications Entertainment Collaborative workspace Mobile command & control Platform System Demo Test of hardware and FHI approaches Generate end-user interest in this FHI application Seeking collaborators on all levels
26 Custom IC for Detection of Small Cap. Changes Hybrid approach requires synergistic aggressive design in both largearea and CMOS IC domains Y. Hu, et al., IEEE Int. Solid-State Circuits Conf. 2014
27 Photosensors and TFT Image Classifiers Shape image classification system constructed using thinfilm photoconductors & TFTs. Machine learning used in combination with simple thinfilm circuits to overcome variability in thin-film components (sensors/transistors) Output from imager reduced to a small number of decision outputs substantially decreasing number of output interfaces from LA to CMOS/IC W. Rieutort-Louis, T. Moy, Z. Wang, S. Wagner, J.C. Sturm, and N. Verma, Int'l Solid-State Circuits Conf. (ISSCC), pp (FEB 2015).
28 Non-contact Data and Wireless transmission from Sheet to Sheet System constructed via multiple sheets of different functionality laminated together Transmit data and power between sheets without metalmetal contacts by AC coupling using inductive or capacitive links Rugged, easy to assemble, no pick-n-place Requires TFT oscillators and thinfilm demodulation Posters at Flex 2016: Yasmin Afsar: ZnO TFT LC Oscillators to 35 MHz Levent Aygun: ZnO demodulators to >200 MHz W. Rieutort-Louis, IEEE Trans. Comp., Packaging, & Manuf., 2015
29 Why Does the Array Need to be Large-Area? Rule of Thumb: 1 khz: λ = 1 foot 2 Mics 4 Mics 8 Mics 16 Mics
30 Speaker Sensing and Separation System (Commercial Mics) Time Signal (100 ms Frame): Simultaneous Speakers FFT Frequency Domain Beamforming Spectral Filtering Inverse FFT Reconstructed Time Signal (100 ms Frame) Speaker 1 Speaker 2 Target (Speakers Played Individually) Speaker 1 Speaker 2 Unprocessed Speech Separated Speech Processed by Algorithm Both Speakers Playing Simultaneously Speaker 1 Speaker 2
31 This Project: Flexible Platform Demo Microphone Array Implemented on 72-inch-wide roll-up window shade (Flex!) Hands-on demo in exhibition area Remote Gesture Sensing Region Levent Aygun
32 Flexible Gesture Sensing Array Hongyang Jia Seeking collaborators for large (> 1 m x 1 m) flexible sheets with printed wiring
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