ISOV CC A B Y Z YR C1HI C2LO C2HI ISOCOM ±50V. C4 10nF. Maxim Integrated Products 1

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1 ; Rev 3; 11/1 High CMRR RS-485 Transceiver with ±5V Isolation General Description The is a high CMRR RS-485/RS-422 data-communications interface providing ±5V isolation in a hybrid microcircuit. A single +5V supply on the logic side powers both sides of the interface, with external ±5V capacitors transferring power from the logic side to the isolated side. Each contains one transmitter and one receiver and is guaranteed to operate at data rates up to 25kbps. Drivers are short-circuit current limited and protected against excessive power dissipation by thermal shutdown circuitry that places the driver outputs into a high-impedance state. The receiver input has a fail-safe feature that guarantees a logic high receiver output if the inputs are open, shorted, or connected to a terminated transmission line with all drivers disabled. The typically draws 25mA of supply current when unloaded or when fully loaded with the driver disabled. Supply current drops to 25µA when the device is placed in shutdown mode. The device is pin selectable between half- and full-duplex mode and also features independently programmable receiver and transmitter output phase through separate pins. The is a low-cost replacement for opto-isolated transceivers. For fully isolated RS-485/RS-422 transceivers, refer to the MAX148 family data sheet. Applications Industrial Controls Level Translators Telecommunications Local Area Networks Features ±5V Isolated Data Interface +5V Single Supply Low-Cost Replacement for Opto-Isolated Transceivers True Fail-Safe Receiver While Maintaining EIA/TIA-485 Compliance Pin-Selectable Full/Half-Duplex Operation Phase Controls to Correct for Twisted-Pair Reversal 25µA Low-Power Shutdown Mode Thermal Shutdown for Driver Overload Protection 28-Pin SSOP Package Slew Rate Limited Reduced EMI Ordering Information PART TEMP. RANGE PIN-PACKAGE CAI C to +7 C 28 SSOP EAI -4 C to +85 C 28 SSOP CPI C to +7 C 28 PP EPI -4 C to +85 C 28 PP Pin Configurations appear at end of data sheet. Typical Operating Circuit.1µF MIC H/F TXP RXP ISO A B R C3 1µF RT = 1Ω RS-485 NO REMOTE MIC RE R AR GND BR RG C1LO C1HI C2LO C2HI ISOCOM ±5V C1.47µF C2.47µF C4 1nF GND OFFSET REMOTE GND Maxim Integrated Products 1 For pricing, delivery, and ordering information, please contact Maxim/Dallas Direct! at , or visit Maxim s website at

2 with ±5V Isolation ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS All voltages referenced to GND unless otherwise noted. Supply Voltage ( )...+7V Cable Ground (ISOCOM)...±75V Isolated Supply ISOVCC Relative to Cable Ground (ISOCOM)...+7V Digital Input, Output Voltage (,, RE, TXP, RXP, )...-.3V to ( +.3V) Digital Inputs (H/F) Relative to Cable Ground (ISOCOM)...-.3V to (ISOVCC +.3V) Driver Output Voltage (, ), Relative to Cable Ground (ISOCOM)...-8V to +12.5V Receiver Input Voltage (A, B), Relative to Cable Ground (ISOCOM)...-8V to +12.5V Termination Connections (R, R, AR, BR) Relative to Cable Ground (ISOCOM)...-8V to +12.5V Charge-Pump Capacitance Low (C1LO, C2LO)...-.3V to ( +.3V) Charge-Pump Capacitance High (C1HI, C2HI) Relative to Cable Ground (ISOCOM)...-.3V to (ISOVCC +.3V) Continuous Power Dissipation 28-Pin SSOP (derate 1.8mW/ C above +7 C)...86mW 28-Pin PP (derate 14.3mW/ C above +7 C) mW Operating Temperature Ranges C_I... C to +7 C E_I...-4 C to +85 C Junction Temperature C Storage Temperature Range C to +16 C Lead Temperature (soldering, 1s)...+3 C Stresses beyond those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of the specifications is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS ( = +5V ±5%, R = R = AR = BR = ISOCOM, C1 = C2 =.47µF, C3 = C4 = 1µF, T A = T MIN to T MAX, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at = +5V and T A = +25 C.) (Note 1) DRIVER PARAMETER SMBOL CONTIONS MIN TP MAX UNITS Differential Driver Output, No Load Differential Driver Output, Loaded V OD1 Figure 1, R = 1MΩ 6 V Figure 1, R = 5Ω (RS-422) 2. V OD2 Figure 1, R = 27Ω (RS-485) 1.5 V Change in Magnitude of Differential Output Voltage (Note 2) V OD Figure 1, R = 5Ω or R = 27Ω.2 V Driver Common-Mode Voltage V OC Figure 1, R = 5Ω or R = 27Ω, V OC relative to ISOCOM 3.5 V Change in Magnitude of Common-Mode Voltage (Note 2) V OC Figure 1, R = 5Ω or R = 27Ω.2 V Input High Voltage V IH,, RE, TXP, RXP, relative to GND, H/F relative to ISOCOM 2. V Input Low Voltage V IL,, RE, TXP, RXP, relative to GND, H/F relative to ISOCOM 2.8 V Input Hysteresis V HS 1 mv Input Current I IN1,, RE ±2 I IN2 H/F, TXP, RXP internal pulldown 1 4 = GND, = GND or 5.25V, -7V (V IN - V ISOCOM ) 12V, AR = BR = ISOCOM Input Current (A and B) I IN3 = GND, = GND or 5.25V, -7V (V IN - V ISOCOM ) 12V, AR open, BR open µa ma

3 with ±5V Isolation ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued) ( = +5V ±5%, R = R = AR = BR = ISOCOM, C1 = C2 =.47µF, C3 = C4 = 1µF, T A = T MIN to T MAX, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at = +5V and T A = +25 C.) (Note 1) PARAMETER SMBOL CONTIONS MIN TP MAX UNITS Output Leakage ( and ) Full Duplex = GND, = GND or 5.25V, -7V (V IN - V ISOCOM ) 12V, R = R = ISOCOM I O = GND, = GND or 5.25V, -7V (V IN - V ISOCOM ) 12V, R open, R open Driver Short-Circuit Output I OSD1 V ISOCOM - 7V V OUT V ISOVCC -25 Current (Note 3) I OSD2 V ISOCOM - 7V V OUT V ISOCOM +12V 25 RECEIVER Receiver Differential Threshold Voltage V TH -7V V CM - V ISOCOM 12V m V Receiver Input Hysteresis V TH 25 mv Receiver Output High Voltage V OH I O = -4mA, V ID = -5mV V Receiver Output Low Voltage V OL I O = 4mA, V ID = -2mV.4 V Three-State Output Current at Receiver I OR.4V V O 2.4V ±1 µa -7V V CM - V ISOCOM 12V, AR = BR = ISOCOM Receiver Input Resistance R IN -7V V CM - V ISOCOM 12V, AR open, BR open Receiver Output Short-Circuit Current SUPPL CURRENT I OSR V V ±7 ±1 ma Supply Current I CC No load, RE = = = GND or ma Supply Current in Shutdown Mode = GND, RE =, V ISOCOM = GND 25 6 I SHDN = GND, RE =, V ISOCOM = ±5V ±6 Maximum Ground Differential V GND = GND, RE =, ISOCOM leakage 6µA ma ma kω µa ±5 V SWITCHING CHARACTERISTICS ( = +5V ±5%, R = R = AR = BR = ISOCOM, C1 = C2 =.47µF, C3 = C4 = 1µF. Typical values are at = +5V and T A = +25 C.) PARAMETER SMBOL CONTIONS MIN TP MAX UNITS Driver Input to Output Driver Output Skew t DPLH - t DPHL t DPLH Figures 3 and 5, R FF = 54Ω, C L1 = C L2 = 1pF t DPHL Figures 3 and 5, R FF = 54Ω, C L1 = C L2 = 1pF t DSKEW Figures 3 and 5, R FF = 54Ω, C L1 = C L2 = 1pF Driver Rise or Fall Time t DR, t DF Figures 3 and 5, R FF = 54Ω, C L1 = C L2 =1pF ns 25 ns ns Maximum Data Rate f MAX 25 kbps 3

4 with ±5V Isolation SWITCHING CHARACTERISTICS (continued) ( = +5V ±5%, R = R = AR = BR = ISOCOM, C1 = C2 =.47µF, C3 = C4 = 1µF. Typical values are at = +5V and T A = +25 C.) PARAMETER SMBOL CONTIONS MIN TP MAX UNITS Driver Enable to Output High t DH Figures 4 and 6, C L = 1pF, S2 closed 35 ns Driver Enable to Output Low t DL Figures 4 and 6, C L = 1pF, S1 closed 35 ns Driver Disable Time from Low t DL Figures 4 and 6, C L = 15pF, S1 closed 3 ns Driver Disable Time from High t DH Figures 4 and 6, C L = 15pF, S2 closed 3 ns Receiver Input to Output t RPLH, t RPHL Figures 7 and 9; V ID 2.V 44 6 ns Differential Receiver Skew t RPLH - t RPHL t RSKEW Figures 7 and 9; V ID 2.V 2 ns Receiver Enable to Output Low t RL Figures 2 and 8, C L = 1pF, S1 closed 2 5 ns Receiver Enable to Output High t RH Figures 2 and 8, C L = 1pF, S2 closed 2 5 ns Receiver Disable Time from Low t RL Figures 2 and 8, C L = 1pF, S1 closed 2 5 ns Receiver Disable Time from High t RH Figures 2 and 8, C L = 1pF, S2 closed 2 5 ns Time to Shutdown t SHDN (Note 4) ns Driver Enable from Shutdown to Output High t DH (SHDN) Figures 4 and 6, C L = 15pF, S2 closed.2 1 ms Driver Enable from Shutdown to Output Low Receiver Enable from Shutdown to Output High Receiver Enable from Shutdown to Output Low t DL (SHDN) t RH (SHDN) t RL (SHDN) Figures 4 and 6, C L = 15pF, S1 closed.2 1 ms Figures 2 and 8, C L = 1pF, S2 closed.2 1 m s Figures 2 and 8, C L = 1pF, S1 closed.2 1 ms Charge-Pump Oscillating Frequency f OSC 1.3 MHz Note 1: All currents into the device are positive; all currents out of the device are negative. All voltages are referred to device ground unless otherwise noted. Note 2: V OD and V OC are the changes in V OD and V OC, respectively, when the input changes state. Note 3: Current level applies to peak current just prior to foldback-current limiting. Note 4: The device is put into shutdown by bringing RE high and low. If the enable inputs are in this state for less than 5ns, the device is guaranteed not to enter shutdown. If the enable inputs are in this state for at least 7ns, the device is guaranteed to have entered shutdown. 4

5 with ±5V Isolation Typical Operating Characteristics ( = +5V, R = R = AR = BR = ISOCOM, C1 = C2 =.47µF, C3 = 1µF, C4 = 1nF, T A = +25 C, unless otherwise noted.) SUPP CURRENT (ma) SUPPL CURRENT R L = 54Ω NO LOAD MAX1357toc1 SUPP CURRENT (µa) SHUTDOWN SUPPL CURRENT V ISOCOM = -5V V ISOCOM = V ISOCOM = +5V MAX1357toc2 OUTPUT CURRENT (ma) RECEIVER OUTPUT CURRENT vs. RECEIVER OUTPUT LOW VOLTAGE OUTPUT LOW VOLTAGE (V) toc3 OUTPUT CURRENT (ma) RECEIVER OUTPUT CURRENT vs. RECEIVER OUTPUT HIGH VOLTAGE toc4 OUTPUT LOW VOLTAGE (V) RECEIVER OUTPUT LOW VOLTAGE I = 8mA toc5 OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V) RECEIVER OUTPUT HIGH VOLTAGE I = -8mA toc OUTPUT HIGH VOLTAGE (V) OUTPUT CURRENT (ma) DRIVER OUTPUT CURRENT vs. DRIVER OUTPUT LOW VOLTAGE OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V) toc7 OUTPUT CURRENT (ma) DRIVER OUTPUT CURRENT vs. DRIVER OUTPUT HIGH VOLTAGE OUTPUT HIGH VOLTAGE (V) toc8 OUTPUT CURRENT (ma) DRIVER OUTPUT CURRENT vs. FFERENTIAL OUTPUT VOLTAGE FFERENTIAL OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V) toc9 5

6 with ±5V Isolation Typical Operating Characteristics (continued) ( = +5V, R = R = AR = BR = ISOCOM, C1 = C2 =.47µF, C3 = 1µF, C4 = 1nF, T A = +25 C, unless otherwise noted.) OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V) DRIVER ENABLE TIME (µs) DRIVER FFERENTIAL OUTPUT VOLTAGE R L = 54Ω DRIVER ENABLE TIME toc1 toc13 PPAGATION LA (ns) DRIVER SABLE TIME (ns) RECEIVER PPAGATION LA DRIVER SABLE TIME toc11 toc14 PPAGATION LA (µs) DRIVER PPAGATION LA R L = 54Ω RECEIVER PPAGATION LA toc15 toc12 V A - V B 5V/div R O µs/div DRIVER PPAGATION LA toc16 POWER-UP LA (V ISOCOM = ) toc17 POWER-UP LA (V ISOCOM = -5V) toc18 2V/div 1V/div 5V/div V - V V 5V/div -5V V 1V/div R FF = 54Ω CL1 = CL2 = 1pF 2µs/div 4µs/div 1µs/div 6

7 with ±5V Isolation Typical Operating Characteristics (continued) ( = +5V, R = R = AR = BR = ISOCOM, C1 = C2 =.47µF, C3 = 1µF, C4 = 1nF, T A = +25 C, unless otherwise noted.) +5V POWER-UP LA (V ISOCOM = +5V) 1µs/div toc19 5V/div V 1V/div COMMON-MO PEAK VOLTAGE TO GUND (V) MAXIMUM COMMON-MO PEAK VOLTAGE TO GUND vs. COMMON-MO FREQUENC 6 MAXIMUM COMMON PEAK VOLTAGE TO ISOCOM COMMON-MO VOLTAGE TO ISOCOM = 7V PEAK COMMON-MO FREQUENC (khz) toc2 Test Circuits and Timing Diagrams V OD R R V OC 3V V ID C L1 R FF C L2 Figure 1. Driver DC Test Load Figure 3. Driver Timing Test Circuit TEST POINT RECEIVER OUTPUT C L 1pF 1kΩ S1 1kΩ OUTPUT UNR TEST 5Ω S1 C L S2 S2 Figure 2. Receiver Enable/Disable Timing Test Load Figure 4. Driver Enable/Disable Timing Test Load 7

8 with ±5V Isolation 3V V O 1.5V t DPLH t DPHL 1.5V Test Circuits and Timing Diagrams (continued) 1/2 V O 3V RE 1.5V 1.5V t RL(SHDN), t RL t RL 1.5V OUTPUT NORMALL LOW V OL +.5V V FF V O -V O 1/2 V O t DR 1% V FF = V () - V () 9% 9% t DF t DSKEW = t DPLH - t DPHL 1% OUTPUT NORMALL HIGH 1.5V t RH(SHDN), t RH t RH V OH -.5V Figure 5. Driver Propagation Delays Figure 8. Receiver Enable and Disable Times 3V 1.5V 1.5V, V OL, t DL(SHDN), t DL t DL 2.3V OUTPUT NORMALL LOW OUTPUT NORMALL HIGH 2.3V V OL +.5V V OH -.5V ATE V ID B A R RECEIVER OUTPUT t DH(SHDN), t DH t DH Figure 6. Driver Enable and Disable Times Figure 9. Receiver Propagation Delay Test Circuit V OH V OL 1.5V 1.5V OUTPUT 1V -1V A B t RPHL INPUT t RPLH t RSKEW = t RPLH - t RPHL Figure 7. Receiver Propagation Delays 8

9 with ±5V Isolation PIN SSOP PP NAME 1 2 FUNCTION Pin Description Receiver Output. When RE is low and A - B > -5mV, will be high; if A - B -2mV, will be low. 2 3 RE Receiver Output Enable. Drive RE low to enable. 3 4 Driver Output Enable. Drive high to enable driver outputs. 4 5 Driver Input. With high, a low on forces the noninverting output low and the inverting output high; with high, outputs reverse. 5 6 C1LO Connect to the negative terminal of C1 (.47µF, 5V). 6, 7, 12, 22, 23 1, 12, 14, 15, 28 No Connection 8 7 C1HI Connect to the positive terminal of C1 (.47µF, 5V). 9 8 ISOVCC 1 9 H/F 11 1 R R Internally generated power-supply voltage, referenced to the cable ground (ISOCOM). Connect a 1µF capacitor to ISOCOM. Half/Full-Duplex Selector Pin. Leave open, or connect to ISOCOM to select Full Duplex, or connect to ISOVCC to select Half Duplex. Connect to ISOCOM for a 1.5kΩ input impedance on. Leave open for a 12kΩ input impedance on. Connect to ISOCOM for a 1.5kΩ input impedance on. Leave open for a 12kΩ input impedance on ISOCOM Cable Ground Inverting Driver Output (and Inverting Receiver Input in Half-Duplex Mode) Noninverting Driver Output (and Noninverting Receiver Input in Half-Duplex Mode) B Inverting Receiver Input in Full-Duplex Mode A Noninverting Receiver Input in Full-Duplex Mode 19 2 BR Connect to ISOCOM for a 1.5kΩ input impedance on B. Leave open for a 12kΩ input impedance on B AR Connect to ISOCOM for a 1.5kΩ input impedance on A. Leave open for a 12kΩ input impedance on A C2HI Connect to the positive terminal of C2 (.47µF, 5V) C2LO Connect to the negative terminal of C2 (.47µF, 5V) GND Ground TXP Transmitter Phase. Leave open, or connect to GND for normal transmitter polarity, or connect to to invert the transmitter polarity RXP Receiver Phase. Leave open, or connect to GND for normal receiver polarity, or connect to to invert the receiver polarity V to +5.25V Positive Supply. Connect a.1µf capacitor to GND. 9

10 with ±5V Isolation Detailed Description The is a high CMRR RS-485/RS-422 datacommunications interface providing ±5V isolation in a hybrid microcircuit. A single +5V supply on the logic side powers both sides of the interface, with external ±5V capacitors transferring power from the logic side to the isolated side (see Block Diagram). The typically draws 25mA of supply current when unloaded or when fully loaded with the driver disabled. Supply current drops to 25µA when the device is placed in shutdown mode (see Low-Power Shutdown Mode). The transceiver for RS-485/RS-422 communication contains one driver and one receiver. This device features fail-safe circuitry, which guarantees a logic-high receiver output when the receiver inputs are open or shorted, or when they are connected to a terminated transmission line with all drivers disabled (see Fail-Safe). The is selectable between half- and full-duplex communication by connecting a selector pin to ISOVCC or ISOCOM, respectively. Drivers are output short-circuit current limited. Thermal shutdown circuitry protects drivers against excessive power dissipation. When activated, the thermal shutdown circuitry places the driver outputs into a high-impedance state. The device also features independently programmable receiver and transmitter output phase via separate pins. The is a low-cost replacement for opto-isolated transceivers. Fail-Safe The guarantees a logic-high receiver output when the receiver inputs are shorted or open, or when they are connected to a terminated transmission line with all drivers disabled. The receiver threshold is fixed between -5mV and -2mV. If the differential receiver input voltage (A - B) is greater than or equal to -5mV, is logic high. If A - B is less than or equal to -2mV, is logic low. In the case of a terminated bus with all transmitters disabled, the receiver s differential input voltage is pulled to V by the termination. With the receiver thresholds of the, this results in a logic high with a 5mV minimum noise margin. Unlike competitor s fail-safe devices, the -5mV to -2mV threshold complies with the ±2mV EIA/TIA-485 standard. Programming The has several programmable operating modes. Occasionally, twisted-pair lines are reversed. The has two pins that invert the phase of the driver and the receiver to correct for this problem. For normal operation, drive TXP and RXP low, connect them to ground, or leave them unconnected (internal pulldown). To invert the driver phase, drive TXP high or connect it to. To invert the receiver phase, drive RXP high or connect it to. Note that the receiver threshold is positive when RXP is high. The can operate in full- or half-duplex mode. Connect H/F to ISOCOM for full-duplex mode, and connect it to ISOVCC for half-duplex operation. In halfduplex mode, the receiver inputs are switched to the driver outputs, connecting outputs and to inputs A and B, respectively. In half-duplex mode, the internal full-duplex receiver input resistors are still connected to pins A and B. Low-Power Shutdown Mode The low-power shutdown mode is initiated by bringing both RE high and low. In shutdown, this device typically draws only 25µA of supply current, and no power is transferred across the isolation capacitors in this mode. RE and may be driven simultaneously; the parts are guaranteed not to enter shutdown if RE is high and is low for less than 5ns. If the inputs are in this state for at least 7ns, the parts are guaranteed to enter shutdown. Enable times t_ H and t_ L in the Switching Characteristics table assume the part was not in a low-power shutdown state. Enable times t_ H(SHDN) and t_ L(SHDN) assume the parts were shut down. It takes drivers and receivers longer to become enabled from low-power shutdown mode t_ H(SHDN), t_ L(SHDN) than from driver/receiver-disable mode (t_ H, t_ L ). Driver Output Protection Two mechanisms prevent excessive output current and power dissipation caused by faults or by bus contention. The first, a foldback current limit on the output stage, provides immediate protection against short circuits over the whole common-mode voltage range (see Typical Operating Characteristics). The second, a thermal shutdown circuit, forces the driver outputs into a high-impedance state if the die temperature becomes excessive typically around +15 C. Applications Information Capacitor and Grounding Resistor Selection The value for the charge-pump capacitors C1 and C2 should be between 47nF and 1nF. Smaller values will result in insufficient supply voltage on the isolated side. Larger values are allowed but will not result in better charge-pump capacity. The values for C1 and C2, as well as that of C4, determine the maximum frequency and amplitude of the voltage difference (under operating conditions) between the local and isolated ground. Besides the capacitor values, this maximum frequency 1

11 with ±5V Isolation TXP Block Diagram R R RE RXP A B AR BR H/F ISCOVCC OSC POWER GND C1L C2L C1H C2H ISOCOM and amplitude are also determined by the resistance between the remote ground and the ISOCOM pin. The receiver input resistors will cause the isolated common voltage to go to the mean voltage of the receiver inputs, which will be a direct function of the remote ground potential. The receiver input resistance and the capacitors C1, C2, and C4 set up a time constant that limits how fast the ISOCOM pin can follow variations in the remote ground voltage. Connecting R and R in halfduplex operation, or AR and BR in full-duplex operation, to ISOCOM results in a relatively low input impedance of the receiver inputs (2kΩ). This allows for a 6Hz sine wave with a 5V maximum amplitude (see Typical Operating Characteristics). If R, R, AR, and BR are left open, the receiver input impedance is 12kΩ allowing up to 32 transceivers on the bus. To guarantee the same low time constant under those conditions, use a shielded cable with a 1kΩ resistor connected between the shield and ISOCOM. Using a lower value for this resistor is not recommended because this could trigger a holding current in the internal ESD protection device if the ±75V isolation limit is exceeded. A single point hard-ground connection for the shield is recommended. Communication Between Two s If two devices are used to communicate with each other, one of the devices must have ISOCOM connected to local ground. Failure to do so will result in floating ISOCOM pins, with both devices trying to adapt to the isolated ground of the other. Chip Information TRANSISTOR COUNT:

12 with ±5V Isolation TOP VIEW RE RXP TXP GND TOP VIEW RE Pin Configurations RXP 25 TXP C1LO C2LO C1LO GND C2LO 7 22 C1HI 7 22 C2HI C1HI 8 21 C2HI ISOVCC 8 21 AR ISOVCC 9 2 AR H/F 9 2 BR H/F 1 19 BR R 1 19 A R A R B B R ISOCOM ISOCOM SSOP 28 PP 12

13 with ±5V Isolation Package Information SSOP.EPS PPN.EPS Maxim cannot assume responsibility for use of any circuitry other than circuitry entirely embodied in a Maxim product. No circuit patent licenses are implied. Maxim reserves the right to change the circuitry and specifications without notice at any time. Maxim Integrated Products, 12 San Gabriel Drive, Sunnyvale, CA Maxim Integrated Products Printed USA is a registered trademark of Maxim Integrated Products.