Bandwidth Enhancement of Circular Slot Loaded Microstrip Patch Antenna for UMTS/WLAN & WiMax Applications

Transcription

1 Bandwidth Enhancement of Circular Slot Loaded Microstrip Patch Antenna for UMTS/WLAN & WiMax Applications 1 Saurabh Jain, 1 Vinod Kumar Singh, 2 Zakir Ali 1 S.R.Group of Institution, Jhansi, India Abstract. Miniaturization has always been a key challenge in the field of antenna engineering. Recently a number of researchers have shown that circular geometry has potential to design smaller, wide band and multiband antennas. In this proposed work performance of circular microstrip antenna has been investigated. The bandwidth of optimum antenna design is measured through network analyzer. It is found that the proposed antenna design provides very good results with high accuracy. The proposed antenna is suitable for DCS/PCS/UMTS/WLAN and WiMax applications. Keywords: Coaxial probe, Slotted patch, UMTS, WLAN 1. Introduction Antennas are a very important component of communication systems. An antenna is a device used to transform an RF signal, traveling on a conductor, into an electromagnetic wave in free space. Antennas demonstrate a property known as reciprocity, which means that an antenna will maintain the same characteristics regardless if it is transmitting or receiving. Most antennas are resonant devices, which operate efficiently over a relatively narrow frequency band. An antenna must be tuned to the same frequency band of the radio system to which it is connected; otherwise the reception and the transmission will be impaired. When a signal is fed into an antenna, the antenna will emit radiation distributed in space in a certain way [1-4]. A graphical representation of the relative distribution of the radiated power in space is called a radiation pattern. Many types of antennas exist today, each one having its special characteristics and benefits. According to the purpose one may choose the type of antenna well suited to it. Microstrip patch consists of a radiating patch of any planar geometry (e.g. Circular, square, Ellipse, ring and rectangular) on one side of a dielectric material substrate backed by a ground plane on the other side [5-9]. It has some advantages such as light weight, low cost etc. and some disadvantages such as low bandwidth. Our methodology is to improve the bandwidth of patch antenna by introducing slots in its cross-section and analyzing the effects. For good antenna operation a higher bandwidth is desirable. As in present age of communication the data to be sent is increasing and hence there is an increasing demand for Bandwidth so increasing the bandwidth of antennas becomes important technically as well as commercially. So study and research in this direction will prove beneficial [10-15]. Bandwidth is directly proportional to substrate thickness. So by using a thick foam substrate a bandwidth of 10% can be achieved but this introduces Surface Waves which diminish effective power available for radiation. Other ways to improve the bandwidth are stacking configuration, U shaped and double U slot, probe compensation, surface waves can be eliminated by using thinner substrate [16-19]. In the present paper the following aspects of the Microstrip patch antenna has been studied in details. A simulation study of the circular microstrip antenna (CMSA) has been done in Zealand Inc s IE3D Software. It is an integrated full wave electromagnetic and simulation package based on method of moments for analysis and design of planner antennas. It can be used to calculate and plot Radiation Pattern, Return Loss, VSWR, Axial ratio and various other parameters. 2. Antenna Design and Specification In this paper the basic structure & dimensions are shown in Figure1.The dual square slotted circular microstrip patch antenna is designed. Glass epoxy substrate having ε r =4.4 is used for making the proposed antenna. The characteristics of proposed antenna such as return loss (RL), VSWR, and bandwidth (BW) of the proposed antenna have been investigated. The numerical study has been done by using Zeland IE3D 153

2 electromagnetic simulator. calculated as below equtions. For designing the proposed Microstrip patch antenna, the dimensions are c W 2 f ( 1)/ 2 r (1) Where c is the velocity of light, Єr (4.4) is the dielectric constant of substrate(glass epoxy), ƒr(2.4ghz) is the antenna design frequency, W is the patch width, and the effective dielectric constant Є reff is given as [4, 2] r r h 1 10 (2) eff 2 2 W At h=1.6mm, the extension length ΔL is calculated as [13-14] l h W eff (3) h W eff By using the above mentioned equation we can find the value of actual length of the patch as. c L 2l (4) 2 f eff h 1 Fig.1. Geometry of proposed microstrip antenna for optimum bandwidth Table 1 Antenna Design Parameters Parameters Hight of the substrate (h) Dielectric constant (ε r ) 4.4 Length of ground (L g) Width of the ground (W g ) Radius of circle (a) Square slot resonat frequency (f r ) Value 1.6 mm 50 mm 50 mm mm 5 5 mm 3 GHz 154

3 3. Results and Discussion: Figure 2 shows VSWR Vs frequency plot of proposed antenna and Figure 2 also shows a circularly polarized field is made up of two orthogonal E-field components of equal amplitude and 90 degree out of phase. Since the components are equal magnitude axial ratio is 1(0dB). Figure 3 shows the overall effeceincy is about 90%. Efficiency is very important factor for the patch antenna. The efficiency of an antenna is defined as the ratio of power radiated to the total input power supplied to the antenna. Directivity Vs frequency plot is also shown in by Figure 3. Directivity is improved up to 8 dbi which is the important characteristics of the patch antenna. Figure 4 Photograph of Fabricated slotted Circular patch Microstrip Antenna which is made with PCB of glass epoxy substrate. Figure 5 shows the Simulated & Measured return loss Vs frequency of proposed Microstrip antenna which covers the frequency range from1.7 GHz to 5.4 GHz. The bandwidth obtained is % which can be utilized for DSC/PCS/UMTS/WLAN/WiMAX/UWB applications. The proposed antenna is suitable for implementing DCS/PCS/UMTS/WLAN/WiMax and ultra mobile telecommunication system (UMTS).Table 2 shows the characteristics of circular microstrip antenna proposed. Table 3 describes the applications & Frequency Range of proposed antenna.it is observed that measured result having good accuracy with simulation results. Table 2 Characteristics of Proposed Antenna Parameters Results Obtained Bandwidth % Frequency Range Gain Directivity 1.7 GHz-5.4 GHz 7 dbi 8 dbi Efficiency 90% Application DCS/PCS/UMTS/WLAN/ WiMAX/UWB Applications Table 3 Applications & Frequency Range of proposed antenna Application of proposed circular antenna Frequency Range Digital Communication System (DCS) Personal Communication System (PCS) Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS) Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) Ultra Wide Band (UWB) [Low band Europe and Japan] 1.17 GHz 1.88 GHZ 1.85 GHz 1.99 GHz 1.92 GHz 2.17 GHz GHz & GHz GHz GHz and GHz 155

4 Fig. 2. VSWR & Axial Ratio Vs frequency of proposed microstrip antenna Fig. 3. Efficiency & Directivity Vs frequency of proposed microstrip antenna Fig.4. Photograph of Fabricated slotted Circular patch Microstrip Antenna 156

5 Fig.5. Simulated & Measured return loss Vs frequency of proposed Microstrip antenna Conclusion The Bandwidth of proposed antenna and its analysis through IE3D has been studied successfully. The results of IE3D and practical results obtained with spectrum analyzer are compared for optimum proposed design and it is observed that proposed measured result gives result having good accuracy with IE3D. The proposed antenna is designed on glass epoxy substrate to give an optimum wide bandwidth of about % and maximum antenna efficiency of about 90%. References 1. Girish Kumar and K.P. Ray, Broadband Microstrip antennas Artech House C. A. Balanis, Antenna Theory, Analysis and Design, John Wiley & Sons, New York, Nikhil Singh, A K Singh and Vinod Kumar Singh, Design and performance of wearable ultra wide band textile antenna for medical application Microwave and optical technology Letters Vol 57, No 7, July C.R.Byrareddy, N.C.Easwar Reddy, C.S.Sridhar, Compact Triple Band Rectangular Microstrip Antenna for WLAN/WiMax Applications Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology, Vol. 32 No.2October Vinod Kumar Singh, Zakir Ali, Shahanaz Ayub, Ashutosh Kumar Singh, A wide band Compact Microstrip Antenna for GPS/DCS/PCS/WLAN Applications, Intelligent Computing, Networking, and Informatics, (Book ISBN: ), Volume 243, 2014, pp , Springer. 6. Saurabh Jain, Vinod Kumar Singh, Shahanaz Ayub, Bandwidth and Gain Optimization of a Wide Band Gap Coupled Patch Antenna, IJESRT, ISSN: , March Xingu Zhang and Anping Zhao, Enhanced bandwidth PIFA antenna with slot on the ground plane PIERS Proceedings, Beijing, China, March 23-27, Rajeev Shankar Pathak, Vinod Kumar Singh, Shahanaz Ayub, Dual Band Microstrip Antenna for GPS/ WLAN/ WiMAX Applications, IJETED, ISSN: , Issue 2, Vol. 7, November Stuti Srivastava, Vinod Kumar Singh, Zakir Ali, Ashutosh Kumar Singh, Duo Triangle Shaped Microstrip Patch Antenna Analysis for WiMAX lower band Application Procedia Technology Elsevier 10 pp , K. V. Rop, D. B. O. Konditi, H. A. Ouma and S. M. Musyoki, Parameter optimization in design of a rectangular microstrip patch antenna using adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system technique, IJTPE Journal, ISSN , September Janabeg Loni, Shahanaz Ayub, Vinod Kumar Singh, Rajat Srivastava, Neural Network Analysis of Rectangular Slot Loaded Patch antenna for UMTS Application IJARCSSE, international journal of advanced research in computer science and software engineering, ISSN: X, March Vinod Kumar Singh, Zakir Ali, Ashutosh Kumar Singh, Shahanaz Ayub Dual Band Microstrip Antenna for UMTS/WLAN/WIMAX Applications IEEE Proc.Communication Systems and Network Technologies (CSNT- 2013), Print ISBN: /13, pp , April-2013, Gwalior, India. 157

6 13. Rajat Srivastava, Vinod Kumar Singh, Shahanaz Ayub, Comparative Analysis and Bandwidth Enhancement with Direct Coupled C Slotted Microstrip Antenna for Dual Wide Band Applications,(Book ISBN: ), Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, Springer, Volume 328, pp: , 2015, 14. Mayank Dwivedi, Vinod Kumar Singh, Mandeep singh Saini Compact Dual Band Slotted Microstrip Antenna for IEEE b Applications International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering (ISSN: X), Volume 2, Issue 10,pp , October Rajeev Shankar Pathak, Vinod Kumar Singh, Shahanaz Ayub Dual band Microstrip Antenna for GPS/ WLAN/WiMax Applications International Journal of Emerging Trends in Engineering and Development(ISSN: ),Issue2 Vol.7,pp ,November Seema Dhupkariya, Vinod Kumar Singh, Textile Antenna for C-Band Satellite Communication Application Journal of Telecommunication, Switching Systems and Networks (ISSN: ) Vol 2 Issue 2 pp , July Stuti Srivastava, Vinod Kumar Singh, Bow-Tie Shaped Printed Antenna for UMTS/WLAN/WiMAX applications Journal of Environmental Science, Computer Science and Engineering & Technology (ISSN: X), Vol.3.No.1, , December Deepak, Vinod Kumar Singh, and Rajeev s. Pathak A study on inverted T shaped micro strip antenna at different frequencies International Journal of Engineering and Computer Science ISSN: Volume 2. Issue 11 Pages No , Nov Sakshi Lumba, Vinod Kumar Singh, Rajat Srivastava, Bandwidth Enhancement by Direct Coupled Antenna for WLAN/GPS/WiMax Applications & Feed Point Analysis through ANN, Computational Intelligence in Data Mining, (Book ISBN: ), Volume 31, pp: pp ,