Multiband Printed Monopole Slot Antenna for WWAN Operation in the Laptop Computer Kin-Lu Wong, Fellow, IEEE, and Li-Chun Lee

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1 324 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION, VOL. 57, NO. 2, FEBRUARY 2009 Multiband Printed Monopole Slot Antenna for WWAN Operation in the Laptop Computer Kin-Lu Wong, Fellow, IEEE, and Li-Chun Lee Abstract A multiband printed monopole slot antenna promising for operating as an internal antenna in the thin-profile laptop computer for wireless wide area network (WWAN) operation is presented. The proposed antenna is formed by three monopole slots operated at their quarter-wavelength modes and arranged in a compact planar configuration. A step-shaped microstrip feedline is applied to excite the three monopole slots at their respective optimal feeding position, and two wide operating bands at about 900 and 1900 MHz are obtained for the antenna to cover all the five operating bands of GSM850/900/1800/1900/UMTS for WWAN operation. The antenna is easily printed on a small-size FR4 substrate and shows a length of 60 mm only and a height of 12 mm when mounted at the top edge of the system ground plane or supporting metal frame of the laptop display. Details of the proposed antenna are presented and studied. Index Terms Internal laptop computer antennas, monopole slot antennas, multiband antennas, quarter-wavelength slot antennas, WWAN antennas. I. INTRODUCTION I T HAS BEEN known that the slot antenna is traditionally operated at its half-wavelength fundamental resonant mode. Recently, it is shown that the slot antenna with its one end open-ended can generate a quarter-wavelength resonant mode [1] [12]; this kind of open slot or quarter-wavelength slot or monopole slot antenna is attractive for its much smaller size for a fixed operating frequency when compared to the traditional half-wavelength slot antenna. This attractive feature makes the monopole slot antenna very promising for application in the mobile device. Several promising monopole slot antennas for mobile phone applications have also been demonstrated [1], [8] [12]; these antennas are suitable to be printed on the system circuit board of the mobile phone, making it easy to fabricate at low cost for practical applications. This feature is advantageous over the conventional internal antennas such as the patch planar inverted-f antennas (PIFAs) that have been applied in many mobile phones [13]. In this paper, we demonstrate that the monopole slot antenna is also promising for application in the laptop computer as an internal antenna for WWAN (wireless wide area network) operation. With the embedded internal WWAN antenna incorporated with the traditional 2.4/5 GHz internal wireless local area Manuscript received July 15, 2008; revised September 16, Current version published March 20, The authors are with the Department of Electrical Engineering, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan ( wongkl@mail.nsysu.edu. tw). Color versions of one or more of the figures in this paper are available online at Digital Object Identifier /TAP network (WLAN) antenna [14] [18], seamless wireless internet access can generally be achieved. However, since the system ground plane of the laptop computer is much larger than that of the mobile phone and hence mainly operates as a reflector, not a part of the radiator [19], [20], the internal WWAN antenna in the laptop computer is expected to require a larger size than that in the mobile phone to achieve wide operating bands for the desired WWAN operation. In addition, a planar two-dimensional (2-D) structure for the internal WWAN antenna is generally demanded to achieve a thin profile for the embedded antenna to find applications in the thin-profile laptop computers that recently receive much attention for mobile users. The proposed antenna overcomes these challenging problems and shows a compact and planar structure with a length of 60 mm only and a height of 12 mm when mounted at the top edge of the system ground plane or supporting metal frame of the laptop display. The proposed antenna is formed by three monopole slots arranged in a compact planar configuration and series-fed by a step-shaped microstrip feedline which excites the three monopole slots at their respective optimal feeding position. Two wide operating bands at about 900 and 1900 MHz are obtained for the proposed antenna to cover all the five operating bands of GSM850 ( MHz), GSM900 ( MHz), GSM1800 ( MHz), GSM1900 ( MHz) and UMTS ( MHz) for WWAN operation. The five-band operation and the 2-D planar compact structure provided by the proposed antenna are advantageous features, as compared to some recently reported internal WWAN antennas [21] [23], for applications in the thin-profile laptop computers. Details of the proposed antenna are described in this study, and results for the fabricated prototype are presented. Radiation characteristics of the proposed antenna including the three-dimensional (3-D) average antenna gain over all of space, which needs to meet the required specification [24] shown in Table I for practical applications of the internal WWAN antenna in the laptop computers, are also discussed. II. PROPOSED MONOPOLE SLOT ANTENNA FOR WWAN OPERATION Fig. 1(a) shows the geometry of the proposed multiband printed monopole slot antenna for WWAN operation in the laptop computer. Detailed dimensions of the antenna are shown in Fig. 1(b). The antenna is printed on an inexpensive 0.8-mm thick FR4 substrate of relative permittivity 4.4 and comprises three monopole slots series-fed by a 50- step-shaped microstrip feedline printed on the other side of the monopole slots. In this study, the antenna is to be mounted at the center of the top edge of a large ground plane of length 260 mm and width 200 mm, and is electrically connected to the ground X/$ IEEE

2 WONG AND LEE: MULTIBAND PRINTED MONOPOLE SLOT ANTENNA 325 TABLE I SIMULATED 3-D AVERAGE ANTENNA GAIN FOR THE PROPOSED ANTENNA AT ABOUT THE CENTRAL FREQUENCIES OF THE TRANSMITTING (TX) AND RECEIVING (RX) BANDS IN EACH OPERATING SYSTEM. THE SPECIFICATION IS THE MINIMUM 3-D AVERAGE ANTENNA GAIN GENERALLY REQUIRED FOR PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS OF THE INTERNAL WWAN ANTENNA IN THE LAPTOP COMPUTERS [24]. THE CABLE LOSS IS EVALUATED BY ASSUMING A 70-CM LONG MINI CABLE CONNECTED TO THE ANTENNA. THE PACKAGING LOSS IS EVALUATED BY ENCLOSING THE ANTENNA IN A 1-MM THICK PLASTIC CASING (RELATIVE PERMITTIVITY 3.0, CONDUCTIVITY 0.01 S/M AT 900 MHZ AND 0.02 S/M AT 1900 MHZ) AS THE LAPTOP COMPUTER CASING; OTHER LOSSES OWING TO THE POSSIBLE NEARBY COMPONENTS AROUND THE ANTENNA ARE NOT INCLUDED IN THE PACKAGING LOSS plane through two fixing positions at point C and D shown in the figure. The large ground plane is fabricated using a 0.2-mm-thick brass plate and treated as the system ground plane or supporting metal frame for the display of the general laptop computer. The antenna has a length of 60 mm only, and when mounted at the top edge of the system ground plane, the antenna shows a height of 12 mm above the top edge, which is promising to be embedded within the casing of the thin-profile laptop computer as an internal antenna. In the experiment for testing the antenna, the step-shaped microstrip feedline is further connected to a 50- mini coaxial line, with its central conductor and outer grounding sheath connected to the microstrip feedline at point A (the feeding point) and point B (a via to the ground plane printed on back side of the FR4 substrate), respectively. The antenna has a simple structure. Monopole slot 1 (length ) and slot 3 (length ) are straight in shape and are printed on the top and bottom regions of the substrate, respectively, while monopole slot 2 (length ) is on the middle region, with its closed-end section bent to result in an increased separation to monopole slot 1. The increased separation can lower the possible coupling between monopole slot 1 and 2; they both contribute a quarter-wavelength mode at about 900 MHz to form a wide lower band for the antenna to cover GSM850/900 operation. Monopole slot 3 also contributes a quarter-wavelength mode at about 1900 MHz to provide a wide upper band for the antenna to cover GSM1800/1900/UMTS operation. Since the optimal feeding positions for the three monopole slots are different, it is convenient to use the proposed step-shaped microstrip feedline with a lateral length of 11.5 mm, replacing the conventional straight microstrip feedline, to feed the three monopole slots at their respective optimal feeding position. In this case, improved impedance matching for frequencies over the desired operating Fig. 1. (a) Geometry of the proposed multiband printed monopole slot antenna for WWAN operation in the laptop computer. (b) Dimensions of the antenna. bands can be easily achieved. More detailed effects of the stepshaped microstrip feedline on the impedance matching of the antenna are discussed in Figs. 6 and 7 in Section III. III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Fig. 2 shows the measured and simulated return loss for the proposed antenna with dimensions given in Fig. 1. The photo of the fabricated prototype is shown in Fig. 3. The simulated results obtained using Ansoft High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS) [25] shows good agreement with the measured data. Two wide operating bands at about 900 and 1900 MHz are generated. The measured impedance bandwidth defined by 3:1 VSWR (generally accepted for internal WWAN antennas in the mobile device for practical applications) reaches 200 MHz ( MHz) for the lower band at about 900 MHz, which is formed by two resonant modes excited at close frequencies and contributed by monopole slot 1 and 2. The lower band easily covers GSM850/900 operation. A wide upper band at about 1900 MHz with the measured bandwidth as large as 670 MHz

3 326 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION, VOL. 57, NO. 2, FEBRUARY 2009 Fig. 2. Measured and simulated return loss for the proposed antenna. Fig. 3. Photo of the fabricated prototype in the experiment. Fig. 4. Simulated return loss of the proposed antenna, the case with monopole slot 1 only and the case with monopole slot 1 and 2 only. ( MHz) is also obtained, which is contributed by monopole slot 3 and covers GSM1800/1900/UMTS operation. Effects of the three monopole slots in the proposed antenna are also studied in Fig. 4. When there is monopole slot 1 only, the antenna shows a narrow resonant mode at about 950 MHz, which cannot cover the desired GSM850/900 operation. There is also one resonant mode occurred at about 2500 MHz, which is the higher-order mode of monopole slot 1. When monopole slot 2 is added, that is, there are monopole slot 1 and 2 present, an additional resonant mode at about 900 MHz is generated, which incorporates the one contributed by monopole slot 1 to form a wide operating band covering GSM850/900 operation. By further adding monopole slot 3 whose length is close to a quarter-wavelength at about 1900 MHz, a wideband resonant mode at about 1900 MHz is generated, which forms the antenna s upper band to cover the desired GSM1800/1900/UMTS operation. Fig. 5 shows the simulated return loss for the proposed antenna as a function of the monopole slot length in the proposed antenna. Results for the length of monopole slot 1 varied from 52 to 58 mm are presented in Fig. 5(a). Large effects on Fig. 5. Simulated return loss for the proposed antenna as a function of (a) the length S of monopole slot 1, (b) the length S of monopole slot 2, and (c) the length of S of monopole slot 3. Other parameters are the same as given in Fig. 1. the second resonant mode at about 1 GHz in the lower band are seen. Some effects on the first mode at about 900 MHz in the lower band are also observed, and there are generally no effects on the upper band. Similar behavior as shown in Fig. 5(b) for the results of the length of monopole slot 2 varied from 52 to 58 mm is also seen. In this case, almost no effects on the upper band are seen, and there are large effects on the two resonant modes in the lower band, especially for the first mode whose resonant frequency is shifted to lower frequencies with increasing length of. The results shown in Fig. 5(a) and (b) indicate that the two resonant modes in the lower band are mainly controlled by monopole slot 1 and 2. Fig. 5(c) shows the results for the length of monopole slot 3. In this case, strong effects on the upper band are observed, while there are small effects on the lower band. Also, central frequency of the resonant mode for the upper band is seen to be shifted to higher frequencies when the length decreases. The results indicate that the upper band is mainly governed by monopole slot 3.

4 WONG AND LEE: MULTIBAND PRINTED MONOPOLE SLOT ANTENNA 327 Fig. 6. Simulated (a) return loss versus frequency and (b) input impedance on the Smith chart for the proposed antenna, Reference 1 (antenna shown in Fig. 1 with both monopole slot 2 and microstrip feedline being straight) and Reference 2 (antenna shown in Fig. 1 with straight monopole slot 2). Effects of the step-shaped microstrip feedline are also studied. Fig. 6 shows the simulated return loss versus frequency and the input impedance on the Smith chart for the proposed antenna, Reference 1 (antenna shown in Fig. 1 with monopole slot 2 and microstrip feedline being straight) and Reference 2 (antenna shown in Fig. 1 with straight monopole slot 2). In Fig. 6(a), results of the simulated return loss for the three antennas are shown. For Reference 1, good excitation of the resonant mode forming the upper band to cover the desired GSM1800/1900/UMTS operation and the second resonant mode in the lower band cannot be obtained. By replacing the straight microstrip feedline in Reference 1 with the proposed step-shaped microstrip feedline with a lateral length of 11.5 mm in Reference 2, good excitation of the antenna s upper band is obtained. The two resonant modes in the lower band are also excited with good impedance matching. By further bending the closed-end section of monopole slot 2 to result in an increased separation to monopole slot 1, the possible coupling between monopole slot 1 and 2 can be lowered, and enhanced bandwidth for the lower band formed by the two resonant modes contributed by monopole slot 1 and 2 is obtained for the proposed antenna. To provide more impedance matching information for comparison, the input impedance traces on the Smith chart for the three antennas studied in Fig. 7. Simulated (a) return loss versus frequency and (b) input impedance on the Smith chart for the proposed antenna as a function of the lateral length d of the step-shaped microstrip feedline. Other parameters are the same as given in Fig. 1. Fig. 6(a) are also presented in Fig. 6(b). Both the lower band and upper band are shown. With the proposed step-shaped microstrip feedline, the loop in the impedance trace seen in the lower band is shifted into the 3:1 VSWR circle for Reference 2 and proposed antenna to achieve improved matching over the desired frequency bands. Improved matching for Reference 2 and proposed antenna, compared to Reference 1, is also seen for the results shown on the Smith chart for the upper band. Variations of the lateral length of the step-shaped microstrip feedline on the impedance matching of the antenna are studied in Fig. 7. Fig. 7(a) shows the simulated return loss for the length varied from 6.5 to 16.5 mm. The corresponding input impedance results on the Smith chart for the lower and upper bands are shown in Fig. 7(b). Results indicate that the lateral length has strong effects on the impedance matching of the frequencies over both the lower and upper bands. By selecting a proper length of (11.5 mm in this study), good excitation of the three monopole slots can be achieved, which results in two wide operating bands obtained for the antenna to cover GSM850/900/1800/1900/UMTS penta-band WWAN operation. Fig. 8 plots the measured radiation patterns at 859 and 925 MHz, central frequencies of the GSM850 and GSM900 bands, for the fabricated prototype. Similar radiation patterns at the two frequencies are seen, indicating that stable radiation patterns are obtained over the GSM850/900 bands. In the azimuthal plane ( - plane), there are no nulls in the vertical

5 328 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION, VOL. 57, NO. 2, FEBRUARY 2009 Fig. 8. Measured radiation patterns at (a) 859 MHz and (b) 925 MHz for the proposed antenna. Fig. 10. Measured antenna gain and simulated radiation efficiency of the proposed antenna. (a) Lower band for GSM850/900 operation. (b) Upper band for GSM1800/1900/UMTS operation. Fig. 9. Measured radiation patterns at (a) 1795 MHz, (b) 1920 MHz, and (c) 2045 MHz for the proposed antenna. polarization over all of the angles, which is advantageous for providing good coverage for WWAN operation in practical applications. The measured radiation patterns at 1795, 1920, and 2045 MHz, central frequencies of the GSM1800, GSM1900, and UMTS bands, are plotted in Fig. 9. Similar radiation patterns are also obtained for the three frequencies, also suggesting that the radiation patterns are stable for frequencies over the GSM1800/1900/UMTS bands. The radiation also shows no nulls in the azimuthal plane ( - plane). Good coverage over all of the angles for WWAN operation is hence promising to achieve. Fig. 10 shows the measured antenna gain and simulated radiation efficiency of the proposed antenna. In Fig. 10(a), results for the lower band are presented. Small variations of the antenna gain in the range of about dbi are seen for GSM850/900 operation, and the radiation efficiency varies from about 60% to 72%. For the upper band shown in Fig. 10(b), the antenna gain for GSM1800/1900/UMTS operation varies from about 0.3 to 2.7 dbi, while the radiation efficiency ranges from about 78% to 93%. It is also noted that the 3-D average antenna gain, defined as the average of the antenna gain over all of space, recently becomes an important factor required for practical applications of the internal WWAN antenna in the laptop computers [24]. Results of the 3-D average antenna gain are hence studied for the proposed antenna here. Also, it is interesting to note that the average of the antenna gain over all of space can be theoretically derived to be the radiation efficiency of the antenna. That is, the 3-D average antenna gain is equivalent to the radiation efficiency of the antenna. Table I lists the simulated 3-D average antenna gain of the proposed antenna. The minimum 3-D average antenna gain (Specification in the table) generally required for practical applications is also given in the table. Results show that the 3-D average antenna gain of the proposed

6 WONG AND LEE: MULTIBAND PRINTED MONOPOLE SLOT ANTENNA 329 antenna is much better than that required for practical applications. When including the power loss of the long mini coaxial line (generally about 70 cm) connected to the internal antenna in the laptop computer, which is estimated to be about at 900 MHz and at 1900 MHz, and the packaging loss of enclosing the antenna in a plastic casing as the laptop computer casing, the proposed antenna still shows better 3-D average antenna gain than that required for practical laptop computer applications. Also note that there may still have some additional loss when other associated components or antennas are added around the proposed antenna in practical applications. Such additional loss varies greatly with different environments of packaging the antenna in the laptop computer and is not evaluated here. IV. CONCLUSION A multiband planar monopole slot antenna suitable for WWAN operation in the thin-profile laptop computer as an internal antenna has been proposed and studied. The antenna is easy to fabricate at low cost by printing on an inexpensive small-size FR4 substrate. By using a step-shaped microstrip feedline to feed the three monopole slots in the proposed antenna, three quarter-wavelength resonant modes have been excited. The first two modes form the antenna s lower band at about 900 MHz for GSM850/900 operation, while the third mode forms the antenna s upper band at about 1900 MHz for GSM1800/1900/UMTS operation. The antenna, hence, covers all the five operating bands for WWAN operation. Good radiation characteristics for frequencies over the operating bands have also been observed. The obtained results indicate that the proposed antenna is promising as an internal WWAN antenna for the thin-profile laptop computer applications. [11] C. H. Wu and K. L. Wong, Internal hybrid loop/monopole slot antenna for quad-band operation in the mobile phone, Microw. Opt. Technol. Lett., vol. 50, pp , Mar [12] C. I. Lin and K. L. Wong, Printed monopole slot antenna for pentaband operation in the folder-type mobile phone, Microw. Opt. Technol. Lett., vol. 50, pp , Sep [13] K. L. Wong, Planar Antennas for Wireless Communications. New York: Wiley, [14] K. L. Wong, L. C. Chou, and C. M. Su, Dual-band flat-plate antenna with a shorted parasitic element for laptop applications, IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 53, pp , Jan [15] L. C. Chou and K. L. Wong, Uni-planar dual-band monopole antenna for 2.4/5 GHz WLAN operation in the laptop computer, IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 55, pp , Dec [16] J. Yeo, Y. J. Lee, and R. Mittra, A novel dual-band WLAN antenna for notebook platforms, in Proc IEEE Antennas Propag. Soc. Int. Symp. Dig., Monterey, CA, pp [17] C. M. Su, W. S. Chen, Y. T. Cheng, and K. L. Wong, Shorted T-shaped monopole antenna for 2.4/5 GHz WLAN operation, Microw. Opt. Technol. Lett., vol. 41, pp , May [18] D. Liu and B. Gaucher, Performance analysis of inverted-f and slot antennas for WLAN applications, in Proc IEEE Antennas Propag. Soc. Int. Symp. Dig., Columbus, OH, vol. 2, pp [19] P. Vainikainen, J. Ollikainen, O. Kivekas, and I. Kelander, Resonator-based analysis of the combination of mobile handset antenna and chassis, IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 50, pp , Oct [20] K. L. Wong and C. H. Huang, Printed loop antenna with a perpendicular feed for penta-band mobile phone application, IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 56, pp , Jul [21] C. H. Kuo, K. L. Wong, and F. S. Chang, Internal GSM/DCS dualband open-loop antenna for laptop application, Microw. Opt. Technol. Lett., vol. 49, pp , Mar [22] X. Wang, W. Chen, and Z. Feng, Multiband antenna with parasitic branches for laptop applications, Electron. Lett., vol. 43, pp , Sep [23] K. L. Wong and L. C. Chou, Internal cellular/wlan combo antenna for laptop-computer applications, Microw. Opt. Technol. Lett., vol. 47, pp , Nov [24] Private Communication With Yageo Corporation [Online]. Available: [25] Ansoft Corp. HFSS [Online]. Available: REFERENCES [1] C. I. Lin and K. L. Wong, Printed monopole slot antenna for internal multiband mobile phone antenna, IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 55, pp , Dec [2] S. K. Sharma, L. Shafai, and N. Jacob, Investigation of wide-band microstrip slot antenna, IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 52, pp , Mar [3] S. I. Latif, L. Shafai, and S. K. Sharma, Bandwidth enhancement and size reduction of microstrip slot antennas, IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 53, pp , Mar [4] A. P. Zhao and J. Rahola, Quarter-wavelength wideband slot antenna for 3 5 GHz mobile applications, IEEE Antennas Wireless Propag. Lett., vol. 4, pp , [5] R. Bancroft, Dual Slot Radiator Single Feedpoint Printed Circuit Board Antenna, USA Patent B2, Oct. 31, [6] W. S. Chen and K. Y. Ku, Broadband design of a small non-symmetric ground =4 open slot antenna, Microw. J., pp , Jan [7] W. S. Chen and K. Y. Ku, Band-rejected design of the printed open slot antenna for WLAN/WiMAX operation, IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 56, pp , Apr [8] P. Lindberg, E. Ojefors, and A. Rydberg, Wideband slot antenna for low-profile hand-held terminal applications, in Proc. 36th Eur. Microw. Conf. (EuMC2006), Manchester, UK, pp [9] C. H. Wu and K. L. Wong, Hexa-band internal printed slot antenna for mobile phone application, Microw. Opt. Technol. Lett., vol. 50, pp , Jan [10] C. I. Lin and K. L. Wong, Internal hybrid antenna for multiband operation in the mobile phone, Microw. Opt. Technol. Lett., vol. 50, pp , Jan Kin-Lu Wong (M 91 SM 97 F 07) received the B.S. degree in electrical engineering from National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, and the M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in electrical engineering from Texas Tech University, Lubbock, in 1981, 1984, and 1986, respectively. From 1986 to 1987, he was a visiting scientist with Max-Planck-Institute for Plasma Physics, Munich, Germany. Since 1987, he has been with the Department of Electrical Engineering, National Sun Yat-sen University (NSYSU), Kaohsiung, Taiwan, where he became a Professor in In 2005, he was elected to be Sun Yat-sen Chair Professor of NSYSU. He also served as Chairman of the Electrical Engineering Department from 1994 to 1997, Dean of the Office of Research Affairs from 2005 to 2008, and Vice President for Academic Affairs from 2007 until now at the same university. From 1998 to 1999, he was a Visiting Scholar with the ElectroScience Laboratory, The Ohio State University, Columbus. He has published more than 440 refereed journal papers and numerous conference articles and has graduated 45 Ph.D. students. He also holds more than 100 patents, including U.S., Taiwan, China, Korea, European patents, and has many patents pending. He is the author of Design of Nonplanar Microstrip Antennas and Transmission Lines (New York: Wiley, 1999), Compact and Broadband Microstrip Antennas (New York: Wiley, 2002), and Planar Antennas for Wireless Communications (New York: Wiley, 2003). Dr. Wong received the Outstanding Research Award three times from the National Science Council of Taiwan in 1994, 2000, and 2002, and was elevated to be a Distinguished Research Fellow of National Science Council of Taiwan in He also received the Young Scientist Award from URSI in 1993, the

7 330 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION, VOL. 57, NO. 2, FEBRUARY 2009 Outstanding Research Award from NSYSU in 1994 and 2000, the Outstanding Textbook Award for Microstrip Antenna Experiment (in Chinese) from Ministry of Education of Taiwan in 1998, the ISI Citation Classic Award for a published paper highly cited in the field in 2001, the Outstanding Electrical Engineer Professor Award from the Institute of Electrical Engineers of Taiwan in 2003, and the Outstanding Engineering Professor Award from Institute of Engineers of Taiwan in He has been on the editorial board of the IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES, Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, and the Chinese Journal of Radio Science (China). He is a member of the National Committee of Taiwan for URSI, the Institute of Antenna Engineers of Taiwan (IAET), the Microwave Society of Taiwan, the Institute of Electrical Engineers of Taiwan, and the Institute of Engineers of Taiwan. He is listed in Who s Who of the Republic of China (Taiwan) and Marquis Who s Who in the World. Li-Chun Lee was born in Tainan, Taiwan, in She received the B.S. degree in optoelectronics and communication engineering from the National Kaohsiung Normal University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, in She is currently working toward the M.S. degree with the Antenna Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung. Her main research interests are in planar antennas for wireless communications, especially for the planar antennas for mobile devices, and also in microwave and RF circuit design.

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