Mechatronics Chapter 3-1 Semiconductor devices Diode

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Mechatronics Chapter 3-1 Semiconductor devices Diode"

Transcription

1 MEMS1082 Mechatronics Chapter 3-1 Semiconductor devices Diode

2 Semiconductor: Si

3 Semiconductor

4 N-type and P-type Semiconductors There are two types of impurities: N-type - In N-type doping, phosphorus or arsenic is added to the silicon in small quantities. Phosphorus and arsenic each have five outer electrons, so they're out of place when they get into the silicon lattice. The fifth electron has nothing to bond to, so it's free to move around. It takes only a very small quantity of the impurity to create enough free electrons to allow an electric current to flow through the silicon. N-type silicon is a good conductor. Electrons have a negative charge, hence the name N-type. P-type - In P-type doping, boron or gallium is the dopant. Boron and gallium each have only three outer electrons. When mixed into the silicon lattice, they form "holes" in the lattice where a silicon electron has nothing to bond to. The absence of an electron creates the effect of a positive charge, hence the name P-type. Holes can conduct current. A hole happily accepts an electron from a neighbor, moving the hole over a space. P-type silicon is a good conductor.

5 N-type and P-type Semiconductors

6 Semiconductor device-diode A diode is the simplest possible semiconductor device. A diode allows current to flow in one direction but not the other. You may have seen turnstiles at a stadium or a subway station that let people go through in only one direction. A diode is a oneway turnstile for electrons. When you put N-type and P-type silicon together as shown in this diagram, you get a very interesting phenomenon that gives a diode its unique properties.

7 Diodes

8 Diode Electron flow direction Current direction

9 Diode depletion region

10 pn junction PN Junction

11 Diode depletion region

12 Diode forward and reverse bias

13 Shockley diode equation

14 Diode current and voltage

15 Diode Characteristic

16 Diode Characteristic

17 Diode Characteristic at different scale

18 Diode Characteristic at different scale

19 Diode measurement Meter with a Diode check function displays the forward voltage drop of volts instead of a low resistance

20 Measurement of a diode Measuring forward voltage of a diode without diode check meter function: (a) Schematic diagram. (b) Pictorial diagram

21 Load line of diode A circuit with a diode

22 Example For circuit, determine the current i

23 Example Circuit reduction to Thévenin equivalent circuit

24 Example Thévenin equivalent circuit

25 Example Draw load line to determine the diode voltage and current

26 Example Determine current i

27 Example Determine the current and voltage of the diode in the circuit. The diode characteristic is given in the right figure.

28 Example

29 Piecewise-linear approximation and small signal analysis Diode is nonlinear resistor

30 Piecewise-linear approximation and small signal analysis Diode piecewise-linear approximation

31 Piecewise-linear approximation and small signal analysis

32 Piecewise-linear approximation and small signal analysis

33 Piecewise-linear approximation and small signal analysis

34 Piecewise-linear approximation and small signal analysis Small signal analysis

35 Piecewise-linear approximation and small signal analysis Small signal analysis

36 Piecewise-linear approximation and small signal analysis If we are only interested in the portion due to v s (t), we may set E s =0, and E f =0, then Often, for practical purpose, we can assume E f =0 in small signal equivalent circuit of a diode. For typical diodes, the value of R f is quite small, between 1Ω and 100Ω. Thus R f can be neglected.

37 Piecewise-linear approximation and small signal analysis

38 The ideal diodes

39 The piecewise- linear model of a diode, using an ideal diode Ideal diode

40 Example Nonlinear resistors with a wide range of characteristics can be obtained, approximately, with circuit containing diodes, for example, a square-law device is two-terminal nonlinear resistor whose terminal voltage-current characteristic obey 2 i = kv where k is normalization constant. The ideal characteristic is shown

41 Example This device may be used in modulator, e.g., to attain a voice signal to high-frequency carrier wave, as is done in amplitude modulation (AM) radio transmission. Design a square-law device to approximate the ideal characteristics for 0 v 5V with a normalization constant k=0.001

42 Example A circuit using ideal diodes D 1 and D 2 and voltage sources E 1 and E 2 Use V=5V; E 1 < E 2 Initially 0 v E 1,the diodes are reverse biased and open, the curve will have slope 1/R 3 For E 1 v E 2,D 1 closes, and D 2 open, the input resistance will be R 3 llr 1 For E 2 v 5V,D 1 and D 2 close, the input resistance will be R 3 llr 1 llr 2 Suppose E 1 =2.0V and E 2 =3.5V 2 I = ke 4mA 1 1 = 2 I = ke mA 2 2 = I = kv 2 = 25mA

43 Example R R Noting the slope of each portion, we obtain 3 1 E1 = = 500Ω I R 2 1 R 3 R V E2 = = 118Ω I I 2 1 R 2 E2 E1 = = 182Ω I I R = 333Ω R 1 = 286Ω Replacing the actual diode with their piecewise-linear approximation using R f = 10 Ω, E f = 0. 5V R1 = 276Ω R 2 = 323Ω E 1 =1.5V and E 2 =3.0V R 3 = 500Ω

44 Ideal transformer

45 Rectifiers Half-Wave Rectifier The transformer isolates the load from the source

46 Rectifiers Half-Wave Rectifier π ω π π ω ω sin = = t v t t V v L s L ( ) π ω ω π π s s L V t d t V V = = 0 sin 2 1 The average dc value of v L

47 Rectifiers Representing the Half-Wave Rectifier voltage by Fourier series v L = VL + a1 sinωt + a2 sin 2ωt b1 cosωt + b2 cos 2ωt +... The Fourier coefficients can be determined as a n 2 = T T T ( t) sin nωt dt; b v ( t) cos nωt dt vl n = 2 T 0 0 For the Half-Wave Rectified voltage 2 T 1 π a 1 = vl ( t) sin t dt = Vs sin t sin t d( t) = T ω 0 ω ω ω π 0 a n 2 T 1 = vl T 0 π L Vs 2 π ( t) sin nωt dt = V sinωt sin nωt d( ωt) = 0 0 s

48 Rectifiers b 2V s 2V s = 0; b2 =, b3 = 0; b4 = ; b5 3π 15π 1 = 0 Thus the Fourier series for the Half-Wave Rectified signal v L ( t) Vs Vs 2V s 2V s = + sinωt cos 2ωt cos 4ωt +... π 2 3π 15π

49 Rectifiers Filtering the Half-Wave Rectifier Capacitor has lower impedance to higher frequencies

50 Rectifiers Filtering the Half-Wave Rectifier Larger C can be used to increase the time constant RC

51 Rectifiers Effects of actual diodes

52 Rectifiers Effects of actual diodes

53 The Full-Wave Rectifiers The full-wave rectifier

54 The Full-Wave Rectifiers The full-wave rectifier The average dc value of v L V L 1 = π 2V s = π π 0 V s sinωt d ( ωt) Thus the Fourier series for the Full-Wave Rectified signal v L 2V π 4V 3π 4V 15π s s s ( t) = cos 2ωt cos 4ωt +...

55 The Full-Wave Rectifiers Effect of actual diodes

56 The Full-Wave Bridge Rectifier A bridge rectifier makes use of four diodes in a bridge arrangement to achieve full-wave rectification. This is a widely used configuration, both with individual diodes wired as shown and with single component bridges where the diode bridge is wired internally.

57 Bridge Rectifiers Various types of Bridge Rectifiers Note that some have a hole through their centre for attaching to a heat sink

58 The Full-Wave Bridge Rectifier Bridge Rectifier

59 The Full-Wave Bridge Rectifier Bridge Rectifier with RC Filter and LC filter

60 The Voltage Limiter Limiter using ideal diodes and batteries

61 The Voltage Limiter Limiter using ideal diodes and batteries

62 The Voltage Limiter Limiter using ideal diode and batteries

63 The Voltage Limiter Limiter using ideal diode and batteries Load voltage is limited for source voltage R L + Rs R + R V2 < vs V RL RL L s ( t) < 1

64 The Voltage Limiter Limiter using ideal diode and batteries

65 Example For a limiter shown below, assume identical piecewiselinear diodes with R f =100Ω, E f =0.5V, V 1 =V 2 =10V, R L =100Ω, R s =100Ω, and v s (t)=50sinωt V, sketch v L (t)

66 Zener Diodes A Zener diode is a type of diode that permits current not only in the forward direction like a normal diode, but also in the reverse direction if the voltage is larger than the breakdown voltage known as "Zener knee voltage" or "Zener voltage". The device was named after Clarence Zener, who discovered this electrical property.

67 Zener Diodes Device characteristic of Zener diode Piecewise-linear characteristic

68 Zener Diodes Piecewise-linear model

69 Zener Diode Regulator In this circuit, a typical voltage reference or regulator, an input voltage, U IN, is regulated down to a stable output voltage U OUT. The intrinsic voltage drop of diode D is stable over a wide current range and holds U OUT relatively constant even though the input voltage may fluctuate over a fairly wide range. Because of the low impedance of the diode when operated like this, Resistor R is used to limit current through the circuit. I Diode = (U IN - U OUT ) / R

70 Zener Diode Regulator R must be small enough that the current through D keeps D in reverse breakdown. The value of this current is given in the data sheet for D. For example, the common BZX79C5V6 device, a 5.6 V 0.5 W Zener diode, has a recommended reverse current of 5 ma. If insufficient current exists through D, then U OUT will be unregulated, and less than the nominal breakdown voltage. When calculating R, allowance must be made for any current through the external load, not shown in this diagram, connected across U OUT. R must be large enough that the current through D does not destroy the device. If the current through D is I D, its breakdown voltage V B and its maximum power dissipation P MAX, then I D V B < P MAX.

71 Zener Diode regulator V V P s,max z max I max = = + Rs + Rmin Vz V R z L V V s,min z I min = = Rs + Rmax V R z L

72 Example A source voltage varies between 120V and 75V. The source resistance is zero, and the load resistance is 1kΩ. It is desired to maintain the load voltage at 60V. Determine the value of a regulator resistor R that will accomplish this and the required power rating of the zener. 1. A zener having a zener voltage of 60V is selected 2. The maximum value of regulator resistance I Vz 60 = 60mA R 1000 min = = L I P V V V V R R max 3. The power rating is determined when V s =V s,max. And zener draw the maximum current max s,max z z max = = = z R L Pmax =10. 8W Vs,min Vz = = 250Ω I 0.18A min

73 Light Emitting Diode

74 Light Emitting Diode An LED will begin to emit light when the on-voltage is exceeded. Typical on voltages are 2 3 volts

75 Connect Light Emitting Diode in Series Connecting LEDs in series If you wish to have several LEDs on at the same time it may be possible to connect them in series. This prolongs battery life by lighting several LEDs with the same current as just one LED. All the LEDs connected in series pass the same current so it is best if they are all the same type. The power supply must have sufficient voltage to provide about 2V for each LED (4V for blue and white) plus at least another 2V for the resistor. To work out a value for the resistor you must add up all the LED voltages and use this for VL. Example calculations: A red, a yellow and a green LED in series need a supply voltage of at least 3 2V + 2V = 8V, so a 9V battery would be ideal. VL = 2V + 2V + 2V = 6V (the three LED voltages added up). If the supply voltage VS is 9V and the current I must be 15mA = 0.015A, Resistor R = (VS - VL) / I = (9-6) / = 3 / = 200, so choose R = 220 (the nearest standard value which is greater).

Introduction to Solid State Electronics

Introduction to Solid State Electronics Introduction to Solid State Electronics Semiconductors: These are the materials, which do not have free electrons to support the flow of electrical current through them at room temperature. However, valence

More information

Intrinsic Semiconductor

Intrinsic Semiconductor Semiconductors Crystalline solid materials whose resistivities are values between those of conductors and insulators. Good electrical characteristics and feasible fabrication technology are some reasons

More information

EDC Lecture Notes UNIT-1

EDC Lecture Notes UNIT-1 P-N Junction Diode EDC Lecture Notes Diode: A pure silicon crystal or germanium crystal is known as an intrinsic semiconductor. There are not enough free electrons and holes in an intrinsic semi-conductor

More information

Diode Limiters or Clipper Circuits

Diode Limiters or Clipper Circuits Diode Limiters or Clipper Circuits Circuits which are used to clip off portions of signal voltages above or below certain levels are called limiters or clippers. Types of Clippers Positive Clipper Negative

More information

Ch5 Diodes and Diodes Circuits

Ch5 Diodes and Diodes Circuits Circuits and Analog Electronics Ch5 Diodes and Diodes Circuits 5.1 The Physical Principles of Semiconductor 5.2 Diodes 5.3 Diode Circuits 5.4 Zener Diode References: Floyd-Ch2; Gao-Ch6; 5.1 The Physical

More information

Application of diode as Clippers

Application of diode as Clippers Application of diode as Clippers Clippers have ability to clip/remove off a portion of the input signal without distorting the remaining part of the alternating waveform. HWR is simplest form of clippers.

More information

Chapter 2. Diodes & Applications

Chapter 2. Diodes & Applications Chapter 2 Diodes & Applications The Diode A diode is made from a small piece of semiconductor material, usually silicon, in which half is doped as a p region and half is doped as an n region with a pn

More information

EXPERIMENTS USING SEMICONDUCTOR DIODES

EXPERIMENTS USING SEMICONDUCTOR DIODES EXPERIMENT 9 EXPERIMENTS USING SEMICONDUCTOR DIODES Semiconductor Diodes Structure 91 Introduction Objectives 92 Basics of Semiconductors Revisited 93 A p-n Junction Operation of a p-n Junction A Forward

More information

Electronic Circuits I. Instructor: Dr. Alaa Mahmoud

Electronic Circuits I. Instructor: Dr. Alaa Mahmoud Electronic Circuits I Instructor: Dr. Alaa Mahmoud alaa_y_emam@hotmail.com Chapter 27 Diode and diode application Outline: Semiconductor Materials The P-N Junction Diode Biasing P-N Junction Volt-Ampere

More information

Mathematics and Science in Schools in Sub-Saharan Africa

Mathematics and Science in Schools in Sub-Saharan Africa Mathematics and Science in Schools in Sub-Saharan Africa SEMICONDUCTORS What is a Semiconductor? What is a Semiconductor? Microprocessors LED Transistors Capacitors Range of Conduciveness The semiconductors

More information

Lecture -1: p-n Junction Diode

Lecture -1: p-n Junction Diode Lecture -1: p-n Junction Diode Diode: A pure silicon crystal or germanium crystal is known as an intrinsic semiconductor. There are not enough free electrons and holes in an intrinsic semi-conductor to

More information

SUMMER 13 EXAMINATION Subject Code: Model Answer Page No: / N

SUMMER 13 EXAMINATION Subject Code: Model Answer Page No: / N Important Instructions to examiners: 1) The answers should be examined by key words and not as word-to-word as given in the model answer scheme. 2) The model answer and the answer written by candidate

More information

Class XII - Physics Semiconductor Electronics. Chapter-wise Problems

Class XII - Physics Semiconductor Electronics. Chapter-wise Problems lass X - Physics Semiconductor Electronics Materials, Device and Simple ircuit hapter-wise Problems Multiple hoice Question :- 14.1 The conductivity of a semiconductor increases with increase in temperature

More information

Basic Electronics: Diodes and Transistors. October 14, 2005 ME 435

Basic Electronics: Diodes and Transistors. October 14, 2005 ME 435 Basic Electronics: Diodes and Transistors Eşref Eşkinat E October 14, 2005 ME 435 Electric lectricity ity to Electronic lectronics Electric circuits are connections of conductive wires and other devices

More information

PN Junction Diode Table of Contents. What Are Diodes Made Out Of?

PN Junction Diode Table of Contents. What Are Diodes Made Out Of? PN Junction iode Table of Contents What are diodes made out of?slide 3 N-type materialslide 4 P-type materialslide 5 The pn junctionslides 6-7 The biased pn junctionslides 8-9 Properties of diodesslides

More information

ITT Technical Institute. ET215 Devices I Chapter 2 Sections

ITT Technical Institute. ET215 Devices I Chapter 2 Sections ITT Technical Institute ET215 Devices I Chapter 2 Sections 2.8-2.10 Chapter 2 Section 2.8 Special-Purpose Diodes The preceding discussions of diodes has focused on applications that exploit the fact that

More information

ENG2210 Electronic Circuits. Chapter 3 Diodes

ENG2210 Electronic Circuits. Chapter 3 Diodes ENG2210 Electronic Circuits Mokhtar A. Aboelaze York University Chapter 3 Diodes Objectives Learn the characteristics of ideal diode and how to analyze and design circuits containing multiple diodes Learn

More information

EXPERIMENT 7: DIODE CHARACTERISTICS AND CIRCUITS 10/24/10

EXPERIMENT 7: DIODE CHARACTERISTICS AND CIRCUITS 10/24/10 DIODE CHARACTERISTICS AND CIRCUITS EXPERIMENT 7: DIODE CHARACTERISTICS AND CIRCUITS 10/24/10 In this experiment we will measure the I vs V characteristics of Si, Ge, and Zener p-n junction diodes, and

More information

Lec (03) Diodes and Applications

Lec (03) Diodes and Applications Lec (03) Diodes and Applications Diode Models 1 Diodes and Applications Diode Operation V-I Characteristics of a Diode Diode Models Half-Wave and Full-Wave Rectifiers Power Supply Filters and Regulators

More information

Chapter 5: Diodes. I. Theory. Chapter 5: Diodes

Chapter 5: Diodes. I. Theory. Chapter 5: Diodes Chapter 5: Diodes This week we will explore another new passive circuit element, the diode. We will also explore some diode applications including conversion of an AC signal into a signal that never changes

More information

CHAPTER 1 DIODE CIRCUITS. Semiconductor act differently to DC and AC currents

CHAPTER 1 DIODE CIRCUITS. Semiconductor act differently to DC and AC currents CHAPTER 1 DIODE CIRCUITS Resistance levels Semiconductor act differently to DC and AC currents There are three types of resistances 1. DC or static resistance The application of DC voltage to a circuit

More information

SEMICONDUCTOR ELECTRONICS: MATERIALS, DEVICES AND SIMPLE CIRCUITS. Class XII : PHYSICS WORKSHEET

SEMICONDUCTOR ELECTRONICS: MATERIALS, DEVICES AND SIMPLE CIRCUITS. Class XII : PHYSICS WORKSHEET SEMICONDUCT ELECTRONICS: MATERIALS, DEVICES AND SIMPLE CIRCUITS Class XII : PHYSICS WKSHEET 1. How is a n-p-n transistor represented symbolically? (1) 2. How does conductivity of a semiconductor change

More information

MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION (Autonomous) (ISO/IEC Certified) Subject Code: Model Answer Page No: 1/

MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION (Autonomous) (ISO/IEC Certified) Subject Code: Model Answer Page No: 1/ MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION (Autonomous) (ISO/IEC 27001 2005 Certified) SUMMER 13 EXAMINATION Subject Code: 12025 Model Answer Page No: 1/ Important Instructions to examiners: 1) The

More information

Part I Lectures 1-7 Diode Circuit Applications

Part I Lectures 1-7 Diode Circuit Applications Part Lectures -7 iode Circuit Applications The PN Junction iode Electrical and Electronic Engineering epartment Lecture One - Page of 7 Second Year, Electronics, 9 - The PN Junction iode Basic Construction:

More information

Electronic Devices 1. Current flowing in each of the following circuits A and respectively are: (Circuit 1) (Circuit 2) 1) 1A, 2A 2) 2A, 1A 3) 4A, 2A 4) 2A, 4A 2. Among the following one statement is not

More information

KOM2751 Analog Electronics :: Dr. Muharrem Mercimek :: YTU - Control and Automation Dept. 1 1 (CONT D) DIODES

KOM2751 Analog Electronics :: Dr. Muharrem Mercimek :: YTU - Control and Automation Dept. 1 1 (CONT D) DIODES KOM2751 Analog Electronics :: Dr. Muharrem Mercimek :: YTU - Control and Automation Dept. 1 1 (CONT D) DIODES Most of the content is from the textbook: Electronic devices and circuit theory, Robert L.

More information

PHYS 3050 Electronics I

PHYS 3050 Electronics I PHYS 3050 Electronics I Chapter 4. Semiconductor Diodes and Transistors Earth, Moon, Mars, and Beyond Dr. Jinjun Shan, Associate Professor of Space Engineering Department of Earth and Space Science and

More information

EECE251 Circuit Analysis I Set 6: Diodes

EECE251 Circuit Analysis I Set 6: Diodes EECE251 Circuit Analysis I Set 6: Diodes Shahriar Mirabbasi Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of British Columbia shahriar@ece.ubc.ca Thanks to Dr. Linares and Dr. Yan for sharing

More information

Electronic Circuits. Diode Applications. Dr. Manar Mohaisen Office: F208 Department of EECE

Electronic Circuits. Diode Applications. Dr. Manar Mohaisen Office: F208   Department of EECE Electronic Circuits Diode Applications Dr. Manar Mohaisen Office: F208 Email: manar.subhi@kut.ac.kr Department of EECE Review of the Precedent Lecture Doping It is a controlled addition of impurities to

More information

Analog Electronic Circuits

Analog Electronic Circuits Analog Electronic Circuits Chapter 1: Semiconductor Diodes Objectives: To become familiar with the working principles of semiconductor diode To become familiar with the design and analysis of diode circuits

More information

Lecture 3: Diodes. Amplitude Modulation. Diode Detection.

Lecture 3: Diodes. Amplitude Modulation. Diode Detection. Whites, EE 322 Lecture 3 Page 1 of 10 Lecture 3: Diodes. Amplitude Modulation. Diode Detection. Diodes are the fourth basic discrete component listed in Lecture 2. These and transistors are both nonlinear

More information

Table of Contents. iii

Table of Contents. iii Table of Contents Subject Page Experiment 1: Diode Characteristics... 1 Experiment 2: Rectifier Circuits... 7 Experiment 3: Clipping and Clamping Circuits 17 Experiment 4: The Zener Diode 25 Experiment

More information

EC6202- ELECTRONIC DEVICES AND CIRCUITS UNIT TEST-1 EXPECTED QUESTIONS

EC6202- ELECTRONIC DEVICES AND CIRCUITS UNIT TEST-1 EXPECTED QUESTIONS EC6202- ELECTRONIC DEVICES AND CIRCUITS UNIT TEST-1 EXPECTED QUESTIONS 1. List the PN diode parameters. 1. Bulk Resistance. 2. Static Resistance/Junction Resistance (or) DC Forward Resistance 3. Dynamic

More information

55:041 Electronic Circuits

55:041 Electronic Circuits 55:041 Electronic Circuits Chapter 1 & 2 A. Kruger Diode Review, Page-1 Semiconductors licon () atoms have 4 electrons in valence band and form strong covalent bonds with surrounding atoms. Section 1.1.2

More information

Examples to Power Supply

Examples to Power Supply Examples to Power Supply Example-1: A center-tapped full-wave rectifier connected to a transformer whose each secondary coil has a r.m.s. voltage of 1 V. Assume the internal resistances of the diode and

More information

Discuss the basic structure of atoms Discuss properties of insulators, conductors, and semiconductors

Discuss the basic structure of atoms Discuss properties of insulators, conductors, and semiconductors Discuss the basic structure of atoms Discuss properties of insulators, conductors, and semiconductors Discuss covalent bonding Describe the properties of both p and n type materials Discuss both forward

More information

10/27/2009 Reading: Chapter 10 of Hambley Basic Device Physics Handout (optional)

10/27/2009 Reading: Chapter 10 of Hambley Basic Device Physics Handout (optional) EE40 Lec 17 PN Junctions Prof. Nathan Cheung 10/27/2009 Reading: Chapter 10 of Hambley Basic Device Physics Handout (optional) Slide 1 PN Junctions Semiconductor Physics of pn junctions (for reference

More information

Electro - Principles I

Electro - Principles I The PN Junction Diode Introduction to the PN Junction Diode Note: In this chapter we consider conventional current flow. Page 11-1 The schematic symbol for the pn junction diode the shown in Figure 1.

More information

The Discussion of this exercise covers the following points:

The Discussion of this exercise covers the following points: Exercise 1 The Diode EXERCISE OBJECTIVE When you have completed this exercise, you will be familiar with the operation of a diode. DISCUSSION OUTLINE The Discussion of this exercise covers the following

More information

Diode conducts when V anode > V cathode. Positive current flow. Diodes (and transistors) are non-linear device: V IR!

Diode conducts when V anode > V cathode. Positive current flow. Diodes (and transistors) are non-linear device: V IR! Diodes: What do we use diodes for? Lecture 5: Diodes and Transistors protect circuits by limiting the voltage (clipping and clamping) turn AC into DC (voltage rectifier) voltage multipliers (e.g. double

More information

IENGINEERS- CONSULTANTS QUESTION BANK SERIES ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING 1 YEAR UPTU

IENGINEERS- CONSULTANTS QUESTION BANK SERIES ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING 1 YEAR UPTU ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING Unit 1 Objectives Q.1 The breakdown mechanism in a lightly doped p-n junction under reverse biased condition is called. (A) avalanche breakdown. (B) zener breakdown. (C) breakdown

More information

Analog Electronics. Lecture 3. Muhammad Amir Yousaf

Analog Electronics. Lecture 3. Muhammad Amir Yousaf Analog Electronics Lecture 3 Discrete Semiconductor Devices Rectifier (Diodes) Light Emitting Diodes Zener Diodes Photo Diodes Transistors Bipolar Junction Transistors (BJTs) MOSFETs Diodes A diode is

More information

Energy band diagrams Metals: 9. ELECTRONIC DEVICES GIST ρ= 10-2 to 10-8 Ω m Insulators: ρ> 10 8 Ω m Semiconductors ρ= 1 to 10 5 Ω m 109 A. Intrinsic semiconductors At T=0k it acts as insulator At room

More information

55:041 Electronic Circuits

55:041 Electronic Circuits 55:041 Electronic Circuits Chapter 1 & 2 A. Kruger Diode Review, Page-1 Semiconductors licon () atoms have 4 electrons in valence band and form strong covalent bonds with surrounding atoms. Section 1.1.2

More information

EC T34 ELECTRONIC DEVICES AND CIRCUITS

EC T34 ELECTRONIC DEVICES AND CIRCUITS RAJIV GANDHI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY PONDY-CUDDALORE MAIN ROAD, KIRUMAMPAKKAM-PUDUCHERRY DEPARTMENT OF ECE EC T34 ELECTRONIC DEVICES AND CIRCUITS II YEAR Mr.L.ARUNJEEVA., AP/ECE 1 PN JUNCTION

More information

Diodes and Applications

Diodes and Applications Diodes and Applications Diodes and Applications 2 1 Diode Operation 2 2 Voltage-Current (V-I) Characteristics 2 3 Diode Models 2 4 Half-Wave Rectifiers 2 5 Full-Wave Rectifiers 2 6 Power Supply Filters

More information

Electronics The basics of semiconductor physics

Electronics The basics of semiconductor physics Electronics The basics of semiconductor physics Prof. Márta Rencz, Gábor Takács BME DED 17/09/2015 1 / 37 The basic properties of semiconductors Range of conductivity [Source: http://www.britannica.com]

More information

Module 04.(B1) Electronic Fundamentals

Module 04.(B1) Electronic Fundamentals 1.1a. Semiconductors - Diodes. Module 04.(B1) Electronic Fundamentals Question Number. 1. What gives the colour of an LED?. Option A. The active element. Option B. The plastic it is encased in. Option

More information

Physics 160 Lecture 5. R. Johnson April 13, 2015

Physics 160 Lecture 5. R. Johnson April 13, 2015 Physics 160 Lecture 5 R. Johnson April 13, 2015 Half Wave Diode Rectifiers Full Wave April 13, 2015 Physics 160 2 Note that there is no ground connection on this side of the rectifier! Output Smoothing

More information

EEE118: Electronic Devices and Circuits

EEE118: Electronic Devices and Circuits EEE118: Electronic Devices and Circuits Lecture IX James E. Green Department of Electronic Engineering University of Sheffield j.e.green@sheffield.ac.uk Review Considered full wave and bridge rectifiers

More information

Semiconductor Diodes

Semiconductor Diodes Semiconductor Diodes A) Motivation and Game Plan B) Semiconductor Doping and Conduction C) Diode Structure and I vs. V D) Diode Circuits Reading: Schwarz and Oldham, Chapter 13.1-13.2 Motivation Digital

More information

FET Channel. - simplified representation of three terminal device called a field effect transistor (FET)

FET Channel. - simplified representation of three terminal device called a field effect transistor (FET) FET Channel - simplified representation of three terminal device called a field effect transistor (FET) - overall horizontal shape - current levels off as voltage increases - two regions of operation 1.

More information

Diode and Bipolar Transistor Circuits

Diode and Bipolar Transistor Circuits Diode and Bipolar Transistor Circuits 2 2.1 A Brief Review of Semiconductors Semiconductors are crystalline structures in which each atom shares its valance electrons with the neighboring atoms. The simple

More information

Summer 2015 Examination. 1) The answers should be examined by key words and not as word-to-word as given in the model answer scheme.

Summer 2015 Examination. 1) The answers should be examined by key words and not as word-to-word as given in the model answer scheme. Summer 2015 Examination Subject Code: 17215 Model Answer Important Instructions to examiners: 1) The answers should be examined by key words and not as word-to-word as given in the model answer scheme.

More information

1 Diodes. 1.1 Diode Models Ideal Diode. ELEN 236 Diodes

1 Diodes. 1.1 Diode Models Ideal Diode. ELEN 236 Diodes ELEN 236 Diodes 1 Diodes 1.1 Diode Models 1.1.1 Ideal Diode Current through diode is zero for any voltage less than zero i.e. reverse biased case Current through diode is not limited by diode if voltage

More information

Diode Characteristics and Applications

Diode Characteristics and Applications Diode Characteristics and Applications Topics covered in this presentation: Diode Characteristics Diode Clamp Protecting Against Back-EMF Half-Wave Rectifier The Zener Diode 1 of 18 Diode Characteristics

More information

Page 1. Date 15/02/2013

Page 1. Date 15/02/2013 Page 1 Date 15/02/2013 Final Term Examination Fall 2012 Phy301-Circuit Theory 1. State kirchhoff s current law (KCL) Marks: 2: Answer: (PAGE 42) KIRCHHOF S CURRENT LAW Sum of all the currents entering

More information

Objective Type Questions 1. Why pure semiconductors are insulators at 0 o K? 2. What is effect of temperature on barrier voltage? 3.

Objective Type Questions 1. Why pure semiconductors are insulators at 0 o K? 2. What is effect of temperature on barrier voltage? 3. Objective Type Questions 1. Why pure semiconductors are insulators at 0 o K? 2. What is effect of temperature on barrier voltage? 3. What is difference between electron and hole? 4. Why electrons have

More information

Circle the one best answer for each question. Five points per question.

Circle the one best answer for each question. Five points per question. ID # NAME EE-255 EXAM 1 September 11, 2001 Instructor (circle one) Talavage Gray This exam consists of 16 multiple choice questions and one workout problem. Record all answers to the multiple choice questions

More information

Physics 281 EXPERIMENT 7 I-V Curves of Non linear Device

Physics 281 EXPERIMENT 7 I-V Curves of Non linear Device Physics 281 EXPERIMENT 7 I-V Curves of Non linear Device Print this page to start your lab report (1 copy) Bring a diskette to save your data. OBJECT: To study the method of obtaining the characteristics

More information

RECTIFIERS AND POWER SUPPLIES

RECTIFIERS AND POWER SUPPLIES UNIT V RECTIFIERS AND POWER SUPPLIES Half-wave, full-wave and bridge rectifiers with resistive load. Analysis for Vdc and ripple voltage with C,CL, L-C and C-L-C filters. Voltage multipliers Zenerdiode

More information

CHAPTER SEMI-CONDUCTING DEVICES QUESTION & PROBLEM SOLUTIONS

CHAPTER SEMI-CONDUCTING DEVICES QUESTION & PROBLEM SOLUTIONS Solutions--Ch. 15 (Semi-conducting Devices) CHAPTER 15 -- SEMI-CONDUCTING DEVICES QUESTION & PROBLEM SOLUTIONS 15.1) What is the difference between a conductor and a semi-conductor? Solution: A conductor

More information

UNIT IX ELECTRONIC DEVICES

UNIT IX ELECTRONIC DEVICES UNT X ELECTRONC DECES Weightage Marks : 07 Semiconductors Semiconductors diode-- characteristics in forward and reverse bias, diode as rectifier. - characteristics of LED, Photodiodes, solarcell and Zener

More information

Electronic devices-i. Difference between conductors, insulators and semiconductors

Electronic devices-i. Difference between conductors, insulators and semiconductors Electronic devices-i Semiconductor Devices is one of the important and easy units in class XII CBSE Physics syllabus. It is easy to understand and learn. Generally the questions asked are simple. The unit

More information

Mechatronics and Measurement. Lecturer:Dung-An Wang Lecture 2

Mechatronics and Measurement. Lecturer:Dung-An Wang Lecture 2 Mechatronics and Measurement Lecturer:Dung-An Wang Lecture 2 Lecture outline Reading:Ch3 of text Today s lecture Semiconductor 2 Diode 3 4 Zener diode Voltage-regulator diodes. This family of diodes exhibits

More information

UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA AT CHARLOTTE. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering

UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA AT CHARLOTTE. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA AT CHARLOTTE Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Experiment No. 2 - Semiconductor Diodes Overview: In this lab session students will investigate I-V characteristics

More information

Sharjah Indian School, Sharjah ELECTRONIC DEVICES - Class XII (Boys Wing) Page 01

Sharjah Indian School, Sharjah ELECTRONIC DEVICES - Class XII (Boys Wing) Page 01 ELECTRONIC DEVICES - Class XII (Boys Wing) Page 01 Electronics is the fast developing branch of Physics. Before the discovery of transistors in 1948, vacuum tubes (thermionic valves) were used as the building

More information

Basic Electronics Important questions

Basic Electronics Important questions Basic Electronics Important questions B.E-2/4 Mech- B Faculty: P.Lakshmi Prasanna Note: Read the questions in the following order i. Assignment questions ii. Class test iii. Expected questions iv. Tutorials

More information

EEE118: Electronic Devices and Circuits

EEE118: Electronic Devices and Circuits EEE118: Electronic Devices and Circuits Lecture IIII James E Green Department of Electronic Engineering University of Sheffield j.e.green@sheffield.ac.uk Last Lecture: Review 1 Defined some terminology

More information

Shankersinh Vaghela Bapu Institute of Technology INDEX

Shankersinh Vaghela Bapu Institute of Technology INDEX Shankersinh Vaghela Bapu Institute of Technology Diploma EE Semester III 3330905: ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS AND CIRCUITS INDEX Sr. No. Title Page Date Sign Grade 1 Obtain I-V characteristic of Diode. 2 To

More information

1) A silicon diode measures a low value of resistance with the meter leads in both positions. The trouble, if any, is

1) A silicon diode measures a low value of resistance with the meter leads in both positions. The trouble, if any, is 1) A silicon diode measures a low value of resistance with the meter leads in both positions. The trouble, if any, is A [ ]) the diode is open. B [ ]) the diode is shorted to ground. C [v]) the diode is

More information

Lecture 6: Zener Diodes.

Lecture 6: Zener Diodes. Whites, EE 320 Lecture 6 Page 1 of 11 Lecture 6: Zener Diodes. The very steep portion in the reverse biased i-v characteristic curve is called the breakdown region. In this region the voltage across the

More information

FINALTERM EXAMINATION. Spring PHY301- Circuit Theory

FINALTERM EXAMINATION. Spring PHY301- Circuit Theory Date 14/2/2013 Eini FINALTERM EXAMINATION Spring 2010 PHY301- Circuit Theory Time: 90 min Marks: 60 Question No: 1 If we connect 3 capacitors in parallel, the combined effect of all these capacitors will

More information

DE52/DC52 FUNDAMENTALS OF ELECTRICAL & ELECT ENGG DEC 2014

DE52/DC52 FUNDAMENTALS OF ELECTRICAL & ELECT ENGG DEC 2014 Q.2 a. Derive an expression for the current flowing at any instant during the discharge of a capacitor C across a resistor R. b. The coil of a moving coil instrument is wound with 50 turns of wire. The

More information

EE70 - Intro. Electronics

EE70 - Intro. Electronics EE70 - Intro. Electronics Course website: ~/classes/ee70/fall05 Today s class agenda (November 28, 2005) review Serial/parallel resonant circuits Diode Field Effect Transistor (FET) f 0 = Qs = Qs = 1 2π

More information

BASIC ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

BASIC ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING BASIC ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING Objective Questions UNIT 1: DIODES AND CIRCUITS 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 The process by which impurities are added to a pure semiconductor is A. Diffusing B. Drift C. Doping

More information

Homework Assignment 02

Homework Assignment 02 Question 1 (2 points each unless noted otherwise) 1. Is the following circuit an STC circuit? Homework Assignment 02 (a) Yes (b) No (c) Need additional information Answer: There is one reactive element

More information

Paper-1 (Circuit Analysis) UNIT-I

Paper-1 (Circuit Analysis) UNIT-I Paper-1 (Circuit Analysis) UNIT-I AC Fundamentals & Kirchhoff s Current and Voltage Laws 1. Explain how a sinusoidal signal can be generated and give the significance of each term in the equation? 2. Define

More information

CENTURION UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGYDEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

CENTURION UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGYDEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING CENTURION UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGYDEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING ELECTRONIC DEVICES Section: ECE SEM: II PART-A 1. a) In a N-type

More information

Lesson 5. Electronics: Semiconductors Doping p-n Junction Diode Half Wave and Full Wave Rectification Introduction to Transistors-

Lesson 5. Electronics: Semiconductors Doping p-n Junction Diode Half Wave and Full Wave Rectification Introduction to Transistors- Lesson 5 Electronics: Semiconductors Doping p-n Junction Diode Half Wave and Full Wave Rectification Introduction to Transistors- Types and Connections Semiconductors Semiconductors If there are many free

More information

Department of Electrical Engineering IIT Madras

Department of Electrical Engineering IIT Madras Department of Electrical Engineering IIT Madras Sample Questions on Semiconductor Devices EE3 applicants who are interested to pursue their research in microelectronics devices area (fabrication and/or

More information

Lecture # 23 Diodes and Diode Circuits. A) Basic Semiconductor Materials B) Diode Current and Equation C) Diode Circuits

Lecture # 23 Diodes and Diode Circuits. A) Basic Semiconductor Materials B) Diode Current and Equation C) Diode Circuits EECS 42 ntro. Digital Electronics, Fall 2003 EECS 42 ntroduction to Digital Electronics Lecture # 23 Diodes and Diode Circuits A) Basic Semiconductor Materials B) Diode Current and Equation C) Diode Circuits

More information

Lesson Plan. Week Theory Practical Lecture Day. Topic (including assignment / test) Day. Thevenin s theorem, Norton s theorem

Lesson Plan. Week Theory Practical Lecture Day. Topic (including assignment / test) Day. Thevenin s theorem, Norton s theorem Name of the faculty: GYANENDRA KUMAR YADAV Discipline: APPLIED SCIENCE(C.S.E,E.E.ECE) Year : 1st Subject: FEEE Lesson Plan Lesson Plan Duration: 31 weeks (from July, 2018 to April, 2019) Week Theory Practical

More information

Downloaded from

Downloaded from Question 14.1: In an n-type silicon, which of the following statement is true: (a) Electrons are majority carriers and trivalent atoms are the dopants. (b) Electrons are minority carriers and pentavalent

More information

THERMIONIC AND GASEOUS STATE DIODES

THERMIONIC AND GASEOUS STATE DIODES THERMIONIC AND GASEOUS STATE DIODES Thermionic and gaseous state (vacuum tube) diodes Thermionic diodes are thermionic-valve devices (also known as vacuum tubes, tubes, or valves), which are arrangements

More information

Wish you all Very Happy New Year

Wish you all Very Happy New Year Wish you all Very Happy New Year Course: Basic Electronics (EC21101) Course Instructors: Prof. Goutam Saha (Sec. 2), Prof. Shailendra K. Varshney (Sec. 1), Prof. Sudip Nag (Sec. 3 ), Prof. Debashish Sen

More information

Student Lecture by: Giangiacomo Groppi Joel Cassell Pierre Berthelot September 28 th 2004

Student Lecture by: Giangiacomo Groppi Joel Cassell Pierre Berthelot September 28 th 2004 Student Lecture by: Giangiacomo Groppi Joel Cassell Pierre Berthelot September 28 th 2004 Lecture outline Historical introduction Semiconductor devices overview Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT) Field

More information

(A) im (B) im (C)0.5 im (D) im.

(A) im (B) im (C)0.5 im (D) im. Dr. Mahalingam College of Engineering and Technology, Pollachi. (An Autonomous Institution affiliated to Anna University) Regulation 2014 Fourth Semester Electrical and Electronics Engineering 141EE0404

More information

Diodes. Analog Electronics Lesson 4. Objectives and Overview:

Diodes. Analog Electronics Lesson 4. Objectives and Overview: Analog Electronics Lesson 4 Diodes Objectives and Overview: This lesson will introduce p- and n-type material, how they form a junction that rectifies current, and familiarize you with basic p-n junction

More information

Electronics I. Midterm #1

Electronics I. Midterm #1 The University of Toledo Section s7ms_elct7.fm - Electronics I Midterm # Problems Points. 4 2. 5 3. 6 Total 5 Was the exam fair? yes no The University of Toledo s7ms_elct7.fm - 2 Problem 4 points For full

More information

SETH JAI PARKASH POLYTECHNIC, DAMLA

SETH JAI PARKASH POLYTECHNIC, DAMLA SETH JAI PARKASH POLYTECHNIC, DAMLA NAME OF FACULTY----------SANDEEP SHARMA DISCIPLINE---------------------- E.C.E (S.F) SEMESTER-------------------------2 ND SUBJECT----------------------------BASIC ELECTRONICS

More information

Electronic Circuits I - Tutorial 03 Diode Applications I

Electronic Circuits I - Tutorial 03 Diode Applications I Electronic Circuits I - Tutorial 03 Diode Applications I -1 / 13 - T & F # Question 1 A diode can conduct current in two directions with equal ease. F 2 When reverse-biased, a diode ideally appears as

More information

Università degli Studi di Roma Tor Vergata Dipartimento di Ingegneria Elettronica. Analogue Electronics. Paolo Colantonio A.A.

Università degli Studi di Roma Tor Vergata Dipartimento di Ingegneria Elettronica. Analogue Electronics. Paolo Colantonio A.A. Università degli Studi di Roma Tor Vergata Dipartimento di Ingegneria Elettronica Analogue Electronics Paolo Colantonio A.A. 2015-16 Introduction: materials Conductors e.g. copper or aluminum have a cloud

More information

Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science & Technology Islamabad Pakistan SECOND SEMESTER ELECTRONICS - I

Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science & Technology Islamabad Pakistan SECOND SEMESTER ELECTRONICS - I SECOND SEMESTER ELECTRONICS - I BASIC ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS LAB DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING Prepared By: Checked By: Approved By: Engr. Yousaf Hameed Engr. M.Nasim Khan Dr.Noman Jafri Lecturer

More information

WINTER 14 EXAMINATION. Model Answer. 1) The answers should be examined by key words and not as word-to-word as given in the

WINTER 14 EXAMINATION. Model Answer. 1) The answers should be examined by key words and not as word-to-word as given in the WINTER 14 EXAMINATION Subject Code: 17213 Model Answer Important Instructions to examiners: 1) The answers should be examined by key words and not as word-to-word as given in the model answer scheme. 2)

More information

Term Roadmap : Materials Types 1. INSULATORS

Term Roadmap : Materials Types 1. INSULATORS Term Roadmap : Introduction to Signal Processing Differentiating and Integrating Circuits (OpAmps) Clipping and Clamping Circuits(Diodes) Design of analog filters Sinusoidal Oscillators Multivibrators

More information

AC Theory and Electronics

AC Theory and Electronics AC Theory and Electronics An Alternating Current (AC) or Voltage is one whose amplitude is not constant, but varies with time about some mean position (value). Some examples of AC variation are shown below:

More information

Discuss the difference between conductors,insulators and semi conductors. Understand the P-N junction and explain the origin of the depletion region

Discuss the difference between conductors,insulators and semi conductors. Understand the P-N junction and explain the origin of the depletion region UNIT III SEMICONDUCTOR DIODES Review of intrinsic & externsic semiconductors Theory of PN junction diode Energy band structure current equation space charge and diffusion capacitances effect of temperature

More information

Chapter 14 Semiconductor Electronics Materials Devices And Simple Circuits

Chapter 14 Semiconductor Electronics Materials Devices And Simple Circuits Class XII Chapter 14 Semiconductor Electronics Materials Devices And Simple Circuits Physics Question 14.1: In an n-type silicon, which of the following statement is true: (a) Electrons are majority carriers

More information

EXPERIMENT 5 : DIODES AND RECTIFICATION

EXPERIMENT 5 : DIODES AND RECTIFICATION EXPERIMENT 5 : DIODES AND RECTIFICATION Component List Resistors, one of each o 2 1010W o 1 1k o 1 10k 4 1N4004 (Imax = 1A, PIV = 400V) Diodes Center tap transformer (35.6Vpp, 12.6 VRMS) 100 F Electrolytic

More information