Synchronizing optical to wireless signals using a resonant tunneling diode - laser diode circuit
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1 Synchronizing optical to wireless signals using a resonant tunneling diode - laser diode circuit B. Romeira, J. M. L. Figueiredo Centro de Electrónica, Optoelectrónica e Telecomunicações, Universidade do Algarve, Gambelas, Faro, Portugal bmromeira@ualg.pt T. J. Slight, L. Wang, E. Wasige, C. N. Ironside Department of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8LT, United Kingdom
2 Introduction We report on a novel approach to OptoElectronic Integrated Circuits (OEIC s) for wireless to optical interfaces consisting of an optical communications laser diode driven by a resonant tunneling diode (the RTD-LD). We demonstrate hybrid (separated chips) integration of electronic and optical functions but monolithic integration of a RTD-LD has been demonstrated. RTD-LD circuit electrical behavior and laser output are well described by a Liénard s oscillator model - related to the Van der Pol oscillator. 2
3 Phase Synchronization The RTD-LD is a nonlinear dynamical system that oscillates at RF frequencies and modulates the optical output of the laser to produce a sub-carrier on the laser output. Injecting a small wireless signal (-40 dbm) synchronizes the RTD-LD to the wireless signal and the phase of the optical sub-carrier to the phase of the wireless signal. Most digital wireless signals are phase shift keyed (PSK) so the phase synchronization of the RTD-LD can translate the digital information from the wireless to the optical domain. 3
4 Outline Microwave-photonics circuit: resonant tunneling diode integrated with a communications laser diode (RTD-LD). Optoelectronic oscillator model: composite model based on Liénard s driven oscillator and laser diode rate equations. Wireless-optical interface characterization setup. Wireless to optical phase locking and noise reduction. Analogue phase modulation in the optical output. Applications in Telecoms (ex.: Radio over Fiber Networks). Summary and Conclusion. 4
5 Microwave-photonics circuit Optoelectronic voltage controlled oscillator (OVCO) Bias point 50 Ω RF output Laser diode output 5
6 Optoelectronic oscillator model Nonlinear dynamical system Liénard s driven oscillator Electrical Model using Kirchhoff s rules: 1 I& = L 1 V& = C [ V - RI -V + V sin ( 2π f t + φ ( t) )] DC [ I F ( V )] V&& ( t) + H( V) V& ( t) + G( V) = V sin(2 π f t), AC AC in m in F (V) Optical Model - Laser rate equations: I N S N& = g 0 ( N N 0 ) qϑ τ 1 + εs S S βn S& = g 0 ( N N 0 ) εs τ τ S P f = Γτ p λ 0 ϑη hc p 6
7 Simulated synchronization diagrams RTD-LD frequency locking structure showing the Arnold Tongues map: a comparison of theory with experimental results f in f in /1 /2 /3 /4 f in /1 f in /2 f in /3 f in /3 f in f in /4 f in f in /1 - when the injected wireless signal is at the same frequency as the natural oscillation frequency f in /2 - when the injected wireless signal is twice the frequency of the natural oscillation The y axis is the amplitude of the injected wireless signal 7
8 W-O interface characterization setup The RTD-LD optoelectronic interface characterization setup diagram includes the RTD-LD E/O converter and patch antennas for directional wireless emission-reception 8
9 Phase locking and noise reduction Experimental synchronization in the laser output changing the frequency of the broadcasted signal Fundamental Second harmonic 9
10 Analogue phase modulation The laser diode output, locked with a broadcasted signal, shows the same modulation features of the injected signal with the same sidebands at 1 MHz offset of the radio carrier The injected power was -30 dbm 10
11 W-O interface Phase dynamics Simulated laser output showing frequency locking to a binary phase modulated broadcasted carrier with f in =3 GHz and V AC =100 mv 0.1 V Wireless Signal Output power (W) 180º 180º Time (ns) 11
12 W-O RTD-LD RoF network application In the Radio over Fiber (RoF) network the pico-cell base station consists of a microwave-optical interface circuit combining an electric-to-optic (E-O) converter, the RTD-LD, and an optic-toelectric (O-E) converter, the RTD-PD photo-detector 12
13 Summary and Conclusion Experimentally synchronization was demonstrated between wireless and optical signals. The Liénard s model can be used to predict the frequency locking behavior. Modulation of the phase of the radio frequency sub-carrier was demonstrated in the laser output. First demonstration of wireless to optical conversion using synchronization of a nonlinear oscillator. The RTD-LD applications include: single chip platform with reduced size for low cost microwave/photonics devices (ex.: RoF networks). 13
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