Magnetism and Electricity

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1 Magnetism and Electricity

2 Investigation 1-Part 1: Investigating Magnets and Materials Force: a push or a pull Magnet: an object that sticks to iron Magnetism: a specific kind of force Attract: when magnets pull together Repel: when magnets push apart Can you think of a general rule about what magnets stick to? Magnets stick to iron What happens when two magnets come together? They can attract or repel What is a force? A push or a pull Investigation 1-Part 2: Investigating More Magnetic Properties Temporary magnet: A piece of iron that behaves like a magnet when it is touching a permanent magnet. Induced magnetism: the influence of a permanent magnet s magnetic field on a piece of iron, which makes the iron act like a magnet

3 What happens when you touch a piece of iron to a permanent magnet? Magnetism is induced and it becomes a temporary magnet Is the force of magnetism stopped by any materials? How do you know? Greater distance lessens the magnetic pull. You know this because you feel less of a push or pull when the magnets are farther apart. How does distance affect the ability of a magnet to attract a piece of iron? More distance equals less magnetism Investigation 1-Part 3: Breaking the Force Graph: organizes data visually to show a relationship between two things Prediction: an educated guess based on data or previous experience Intersection: a point at which two lines cross What happens to the strength of attraction between two magnets as the distance between them increases? The strength of the magnetic pull decreases Investigation 1-Part 4: Detecting the Force of Magnetism Detector: something you use to gather evidence about something you can t see

4 Since you can t see the force of a magnet, how can you tell there is one present? Compasses, iron filings, and iron objects can be used to detect magnets Investigation 2-Part 1: Lighting a Bulb D-Cell: source of electricity in our investigations Battery: refers to more than one cell, most people use D-cell and battery interchangeably Electricity Source: what provides the energy to light the bulb Electricity Receiver: a component that uses electricity from the source to make something happen Circuit: a pathway for the flow of electricity Filament: part of a bulb that gets hot and produces light Components: D-cells, bulbs and wires What components are needed to make a complete circuit? A circuit needs a source of electricity (the D-cell), the receiver (the bulb) and a path to get from one to the other (wires) What is important to remember about making a complete circuit? The electricity must be able to travel in a complete path (circle) from one end of the battery to the other Investigation 2-Part 2: Making a Motor Run Circuit Base: holds many components needed to make a circuit

5 Fahnstock Clip: a metal clip that connects wires in a circuit Switch: a device used to open and close circuits Open Circuit: an incomplete circuit through which electricity WILL NOT flow Closed Circuit: a complete circuit through which electricity WILL flow Schematic Diagram: a way to represent a circuit on a piece of paper Which part of the circuit was the receiver in this part? The motor was the electricity receiver that produced motion What does the switch do in a circuit? A device which opens and closes a circuit How do people use schematic drawings? People agree on a symbol representing something and then they use these to represent circuits Investigation 2-Part 3: Finding Conductors and Insulators Conductor: a substance, commonly a metal such as copper or aluminum, through which electricity will flow Insulator: a material which prevents, or stops, the flow of electricity, commonly plastic, rubber, glass, or air How do you know if a material is a conductor or an insulator? When you use the material to try to complete a circuit, you can tell which it is. Conductors allow the flow of electricity; insulators do not.

6 Do you notice anything similar among all the materials that are conductors? They are all metals Were there any metals that weren t conductors? Why do you think they weren t? Metals that are covered with an insulator, such as paint, are not good conductors. Also, some things may look like metal but are actually plastic. Investigation 3-Part 1: Building Series Circuits Series Circuit: a circuit with only one pathway for electricity to flow Component: one part of a circuit system. For example, a switch is one component, a bulb is another. What do we call a circuit in which all the components are connected in one big circle so there is only one pathway for electricity to flow? A Series Circuit Why do you think the lights are dim when only one battery is used? The lights have to share the power Is the orientation of the batteries important when you use two in a series circuit? Yes, they must point in the same direction Investigation 3-Part 2: Building Parallel Circuits Parallel Circuit: splits into two or more pathways before coming together at the battery

7 How does the electricity flow through a parallel circuit? It provides a DIRECT path for electricity to serve each component Which circuit can run more components from one D-cell? Why is that so? From a circuit in a parallel circuit because each component has a direct path to the source Investigation 4-Part 1: Building an Electromagnet Electromagnet: a coil of wire, usually wound around a core of iron or steel, which produces a magnetic field when electricity flows through the wire Core: the material around which a coil is wound Coil: wire wound repeatedly around a central core How can you make a magnet that turns on and off? A magnet can be made by wrapping insulated wire around a steel rivet (iron core) and connecting it to an electric circuit. What placement of the wire on the rivet makes the strongest electromagnet? The best design is to wrap the wire tightly between the head of the rivet and the first washer Investigation 4-Part 2: Changing Number of Winds Prediction: an educated guess based on knowledge or information

8 Graph: a way to display the relationship between variables What was the general pattern you saw in the way the number of winds affects the strength of an electromagnet? The more winds on the core, the stronger the magnetism Investigation 5-Part 1: Reinventing the Telegraph Technology: applies the results of scientific research Telegraph: a device for sending coded messages by signals produced by closing and opening an electric circuit Key: a switch that completes the circuit in a telegraph system Gap: the space between the steel strip and the electromagnet Code: a set of signals that represents letters or words for sending messages What is the difference between science and technology? Technology uses knowledge from scientific research to solve problems. Samuel Morse used what he knew about electricity and magnetism (knowledge from science) to invent a device for communicating long distances (technology). What is a telegraph? An electric communication device. How does a telegraph send messages? The clicks produced by the telegraph can be made into a code. What is a code? A code is a symbolic system used for communication.

9 Investigation 5-Part 2: Sending Messages Long-distance Long-distance: something that is far away How do you connect two telegraphs? To connect two telegraphs for two-way communication, you have to make two complete circuits.

Relevant KS2 Links: SC1 1b, 2a, 2d, 2e, 2f, 2g, 2h, 2i, 2j, 2k, 2l, 2m; SC3 1a; MA2 1k; MA3 4b; MA4 1a, 1c, 2a, 2b, 2c, 2e;

Relevant KS2 Links: SC1 1b, 2a, 2d, 2e, 2f, 2g, 2h, 2i, 2j, 2k, 2l, 2m; SC3 1a; MA2 1k; MA3 4b; MA4 1a, 1c, 2a, 2b, 2c, 2e; Electromagnetism Relevant KS2 Links: SC1 1b, 2a, 2d, 2e, 2f, 2g, 2h, 2i, 2j, 2k, 2l, 2m; SC3 1a; MA2 1k; MA3 4b; MA4 1a, 1c, 2a, 2b, 2c, 2e; Base Concepts Conveyed: Moving charges make magnetic fields.

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