International Journal on Electrical Engineering and Informatics - Volume 6, Number 2, June 2014

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1 Internatonal Journal on Electrcal Engneerng and Informatcs - Volume 6, Number, June 14 Three-level (NPC Shunt Actve Power Flter Performances based on Fuzzy Controller for Harmonc Currents Compensaton under Non-Ideal Voltage Condtons Chenna Salm 1 and Benchoua Mohamed Toufk 1 Electrcal Engneerng Department, Brne Nuclear Research Center, Algera, Laboratory L.G.E.B., Bskra Unversty, Algera chenasalmov@yahoo.fr Abstract: Ths paper presents three-level (NPC shunt actve power flter the performances based on fuzzy control technques to compensate harmonc currents generated by non-lnear loads operatng under non deal voltage condtons. Shunt APF s the b soluton to elmnate harmoncs drawn from nonlnear load especally for low power system, the most nverter used s the two-level voltage source nverter. Multlevel nverters are beng nvgated and recently used for APF topologes. Today Threelevel nverter s one of the most used converters n the majorty of ndustral applcatons, such as machne drves and power actve flters. The control strategy used s based on the synchronous erence frame detecton method that gves a good performance partcularly f the source voltage s unbalanced or dstorted. The new control scheme proposed n ths work s based on fuzzy technques and t s desgned to mprove APF compensaton capablty by adjustng the current error based on fuzzy rule. To mprove the output three-level voltage nverter and avod an unbalanced AC voltage waveform a neutral-pont potental voltage compensator based on proportonal controller s used wth a proportonal ntegral controller requred to mantan dc voltage constant. The results of smulaton study obtaned usng Matlab-Smulnk and SmPowerSystem Toolbox are found qute satsfactory to elmnate harmoncs and reactve power components from utlty current. Keywords: Shunt actve flter, Three-level (NPC nverter, Fuzzy logc current controller, Neutral pont unbalances control, Harmoncs compensaton, Non-deal voltage condtons. 1. Introducton A large part of total electrcal energy, produced n the world, supples dfferent types of non-lnear loads. The loads such as varable frequency drves and electronc ballasts draw current, whch does not resemble the grd snusodal voltage. Ths load s sad to be non-lnear and typcally s composed of odd order currents, whch are expressed as multples of the fundamental frequency. The harmonc current cannot contrbute to actve power and need to be elmnated to enhance the power qualty [1]. Actve Power Flter (APF s the popular soluton used to elmnate the undesred current components by njecton of compensaton currents n opposton to them [],[]. The most power converter used n APF s the two-level voltage source nverter [4],[], these nverter are lmted for low power applcatons. The three-level neutral-pont dode-clamped (NPC actve power flter has been playng an mportant role for medum and hgh power applcatons [6]. It provdes less voltage stress for semconductor swtches, ncreases the power handlng capablty, reduces current/voltage harmoncs and nterference. The controller s the man part of the actve power flter operaton and has been a subject of many researches n recent years [7],[8]; Among the varous current control technques, hysteress current control s the most extensvely used technque. It s easy to realze wth hgh accuracy and fast response. In the hysteress control technque the error functon s centred n a Receved: Aprl 4 th, 1. Accepted: May 14 th, 14 4

2 Chenna Salm, et al. preset hysteress band. When the error exceeds the upper or lower hysteress lmt the hysteretc controller makes an approprate swtchng decson to control the error wthn the preset band. However, varable swtchng frequency and hgh rpple content are the man dsadvantages of hysteress current control. To mprove the APF performances there s a great tendency to use ntellgent control technques, partcularly fuzzy logc controllers. In recent years, fuzzy logc controllers have generated a great deal of nter n power electroncs applcatons. These advantages are: robustness, no need accurate mathematcal model, etc... In ths paper, fuzzy logc current controller s proposed to control three-phase shunt actve flter based on three-level neutral pont clamped (NPC nverter. The fuzzy current controller s desgned to mprove compensaton capablty of APF by adjustng the current error usng a fuzzy rule. The nverter current erence sgnals requred to compensate harmonc currents use the synchronous erence detecton method that gves good performance under non deal voltage condtons. The performances of global system ncludng control crcut and power structure are performed and evaluated through computer smulatons for steady-state condtons usng Matlab-smulnk program and SmPowerSystem Toolbox.. Shunt actve power flter The crcut confguraton of the three-level shunt actve flter s shown n Fgure 1. It s controlled to cancel current harmoncs on AC sde and makes the source current n phase wth the voltage source. The current drawn from the power system at the couplng pont of the shunt APF wll result snusodal [9],[1] and [11]. Fgure 1. Three-level (NPC Shunt actve flter Three-level nverter s one of the most popular converters employed n medum and hgh power applcatons. Ther advantages nclude the capablty to reduce the harmonc content and decrease the voltage or current ratngs of the semconductors [1],[1]. The power crcut of the three-level neutral pont clamped nverter s based on sx man swtches (T11, T1, T1, T14, T4, T4 of the tradtonal two-level nverter, wth sx auxlary swtches (T1, T1, T, T, T, T and two neutral clamped dodes added on each brdge arm. The dodes are used to create the connecton wth the pont of erence to obtan mdpont voltages. Ths structure allows the swtches to endure larger dc voltage nput on the premse that the swtches wll not rase the level of ther wthstand voltage. For ths structure, three output voltage levels can be obtaned, namely, Udc/,, and -Udc/ correspondng to three swtchng states A,, 4

3 and B. As a result, 7 states of swtchng output exst n the three-phase three-level (NPC nverter.. Control strateges The control strategy adopted n ths work s the synchronous erence frame detecton method. The prncple of ths technque s descrbed below [14],[1]. The three phase load currents La, Lb and Lc are transformed from three phase (abc erence frame to two phase s (α-β statonary erence frame currents α and β usng: = Lc Lb La β α (1 Usng a PLL (Phase Locked Loop, we can generate cos( and sn( from the phase voltage source vsa, vsb, vsc. The currents expresson α and β n (d-q erence frame are gven by: = β α q d sn( cos( cos( sn( ( The DC quanttes and all other harmoncs are transformed to non DC quanttes usng a low pass flter: + = q d d q d ( The expresson of the erence current α- and β- are gven by: = q d 1 sn( cos( cos( sn( β α (4 + = q d d sn( cos( cos( sn( β α ( Fnally, the erence currents n the (abc frame are gven by: = c b a β α (6 The prncple scheme of synchronous erence frame control strategy for shunt actve flter based on the three-level (NPC nverter s shown n Fgure. Three-level (NPC Shunt Actve Power Flter Performances based on 44

4 Chenna Salm, et al. Fgure. Synchronous erence frame control strateges 4. Neutral pont unbalances control To compensate the nverter losses and regulate the DC lnk voltage Udc, a proportonal ntegral voltage controller s used n outer loop to determne the lne current Ic,los. The control loop conssts of the comparson of the measured voltage (Udc1 + Udc wth the erence voltage Udc- [16], [17]: I c, los = K p. ΔU dc + K ΔU dc. dt (7 Neutral-pont potental unbalance s a problem of NPC multlevel nverter, the compensaton s requred to avod an unbalanced AC voltage waveform on the AC termnals. To compensate the neutral-pont voltage a proportonal controller s adopted n the nner control loop. If the average voltage across capactor C1 s greater than the average voltage across capactor C, a small negatve DC term current s added to the lne current so that n the next source perod the charged voltage n capactor C1 s less than the charged voltage n capactor C. If the average voltage Udc1 s less than Udc, a small postve DC current can be added to the lne current n order to ncrease the capactor voltage Udc1 n the next source perod. Theore, the addtonal compensated current for the neutral-pont voltage balance s gven as: = LPF U U K (8 npc ( dc dc1. K s a small gan of the neutral-pont voltage compensator. Fgure shows a control scheme of the neutral pont potental compensator. Fgure. Neutral pont potental compensator 4

5 Three-level (NPC Shunt Actve Power Flter Performances based on. Fuzzy logc control The man component of an actve flter s the current controller. Recently, fuzzy logc controllers (FLCs have been nter a good alternatve n more applcaton. The advantages of fuzzy controllers are more robust than conventonal controllers, not need a mathematcal model and can handle non-lnearty [18],[19], and []. Fuzzy logc control s the evaluaton of a set of smple lngustc rules to determne the control acton. The desred nverter swtchng sgnals of the shunt actve flter are determned accordng the error between the compensate currents and erence currents. A fuzzy controller s desgned to mprove compensaton capablty of APF by adjustng the current error usng a fuzzy rule. In ths case, the fuzzy logc current controller has two nputs, named error e and change of error de and one output s. To convert t nto lngustc varable, we use three fuzzy sets: N (Negatve, ZE (Zero and P (Postve. Membershp functons used for the nputs and the sngle output are shown s shown n Fgure 4. The parameter for the fuzzy logc current controller for every phase s characterzed for the followng: The fuzzy controller for every phase s characterzed for the followng: Three fuzzy sets e and de nputs, Fve fuzzy sets for s output, Gaussan membershp functons for nputs, Trangular and trapezodal membershp functons for output, Implcaton usng the mn operator, Mamdan fuzzy nference mechansm based on fuzzy mplcaton, Defuzzfcaton usng the centrod method. Fgure 4. Membershp functon for the nputs and output varables 46

6 Chenna Salm, et al. The fuzzy rules are gven by: If error s Negatve and error rate s Negatve, Then output s Bg Negatve, If error s Zero and error rate s Negatve, Then output s Postve, If error s Postve and error rate s Negatve, Then output s Bg Postve, If error s Negatve and error rate s Zero, Then output n Bg Negatve, If error s Zero and error rate s Zero, Then output s Zero, If error s Postve and error rate s Zero, Then output s Bg Postve, If error s Negatve and error rate s Postve,Then output s Bg Negatve, If error s Zero and error rate s Postve, Then output s Negatve, If error s Postve and error rate s Postve, Then output s Bg Postve. Errors for each phase are dscredted by the zero order hold blocks. The error rate s dervatve of the error and t s obtaned by the use of unt delay block. The saturaton block mposes upper and lower bounds on a sgnal. When the nput sgnal s wthn the range specfed by the lower lmt and upper lmt parameters, the nput sgnal passes through unchanged. When the nput sgnal s outsde these bounds, he sgnal s clpped to the upper or lower bound. The output of the saturaton blocks are nputs to fuzzy logc controllers. The outputs of these fuzzy logc controllers are used n generaton of pulses swtchng sgnals of the three-level nverter. The swtchng sgnals are generated by means of comparng a two carrer sgnals wth the output of the fuzzy logc controllers. The smulnk model of the generated swtchng sgnals s gven by Fgure. Fgure. Swtchng sgnals generaton for the three-level nverter 47

7 Three-level (NPC Shunt Actve Power Flter Performances based on The fuzzy logc controller for three-level (NPC nverter proposed to replace conventonal hysteress controller s shown n Fgure 6. The dfference between the njected current and the erence current determnes the erence voltage (e, and change of error (de, these nputs are njected n fuzzy controller, the fuzzy output s compared wth two carryng trangular dentcal waves shfted one from other by a half perod of choppng and generate swtchng pulses. The control of nverter s summarzed n the two followng stages: Determnaton of the ntermedate sgnals V1 and V: If error Ec carryng 1 Then V1= 1 If error Ec < carryng 1 Then V1= If error Ec carryng Then V= If error Ec < carryng Then V=-1 Where V1 and V are ntermedate voltage, Ec s the dfference between njected and erence currents. Determnaton of control sgnals of the swtches Tj and V (=1,, ; j=1,,,4: If (V1+V=1 Then T1=1, T=1, T=, T4=, If (V1+V= Then T1=, T=1, T=1, T4=, If (V1+V=-1 Then T1=, T=, T=1, T4=1. Fgure 6. Three-level (NPC nverter PWM logc control 6. Smulaton results and dscusson Fgure 7 shows the Matlab-Smulnk smulaton block dagram of the proposed fuzzy current controller for the three-phase shunt actve flter under non-deal voltage condtons. The parameters of the proposed shunt actve flter are: Vs=V, Frequency Fs=Hz, Resstor Rs=.1mΩ, Inductance Ls=.mH, Resstor Rch =48.6Ω, Inductance Lch=4mH, Resstor Rc=.7m Ω, Inductance Lc=.8mH, Lf=mH, C1=C=uF, Vs=V/Hz, Udc=8V. 48

8 Chenna Salm, et al. Fgure 7. Three-level (NPC shunt actve power flter based on fuzzy controller The purpose of the smulaton s to show the effectveness of the shunt actve flter usng a fuzzy current controller to reducng the harmonc currents produced on the load sde under non-deal voltages condtons. A. Ideal man voltage case The three-phase voltages source are balanced and do not contan harmonc components, Fgure 8(a, Fgure 8(b and Fgure8(c shows the smulated results of supply voltage, source current before and after compensaton usng proposed shunt APF system. 4 Source voltages Vs-abc (V Tme (s (abalanced supply voltage Vs-abc (V 49

9 Three-level (NPC Shunt Actve Power Flter Performances based on 1 1 Source current sa (A Tme (s (b Source current sa(a before compensaton 1 Injected current Ih (A Tme (s (c Fgure 9. Injected current ha(a 1 Source current sa (A Tme (s (d Source current sa(a after compensaton Fgure 8. Source voltage Vsa(V, njected current ha(a and source current sa(a before and after compensaton Before the shunt APF operaton between t1= s and t=. s, the source current s hghly dstorted and rch on harmoncs. It s not n phase wth the source voltage, the power factor s poor wth hgh consummaton of reactve power. The shunt APF starts the compensaton process nstantly (t=. s when t s connected to the non-lnear load. The source current after compensaton s practcally snusodal and n phase wth the correspondng source voltage shown by Fgure (9.

10 Chenna Salm, et al. 4 Vsa (V & sa(a Tme (s Fgure 9. Source current sa(a and source voltage Vsa(V before and after compensaton Fgure 1, present the output DC voltages Udc, and Udc1, Udc, t s shown that the two capactor voltages are balanced and fellow the smlar trace, wth small voltage rpples. In ths case, the THD s reduced from 8.16% to 1.84% after compensaton. 9 Udc(V,Udc1(V,Udc (V Tme (s Fgure 1. DC output voltages Udc, Udc1 and Udc B. Unbalanced mans voltage The three-phase voltages sources are unbalanced, but do not contan harmonc components, ther expressons are gven n (9: v sa = 11 sn( ωt + 1sn( ωt π π v sb = 11sn( ω t + 1sn( ωt + (9 π π v sc = 11sn( ωt + + 1sn( ωt Fgure 11 (a, Fgure 11 (b and Fgure 11(c shows respectvely the unbalanced voltage source, source current before and after compensaton. The current and voltage source s gven by Fgure 1; fnally the dc voltages Udc, Udc1 and Udc are shown by Fgure 1. 1

11 Three-level (NPC Shunt Actve Power Flter Performances based on 4 Source voltages Vs-abc (V Tme (s (a Unbalanced supply voltage Vs-abc (V 1 1 Source current sa (A Tme (s (b Source current sa(a before compensaton 1 Injected current Ih (A Tme (s (c Injected current ha(a

12 Chenna Salm, et al. 1 Source current sa (A Tme (s (d Source current sa(a before and after compensaton Fgure 11. Source voltage Vsa(V, njected current ha(a and source current sa(a before and after compensaton 4 Vsa (V & sa(a Tme (s Fgure 1. Source current sa(a and source voltage Vsa(V before and after compensaton Fgure 1 show DC voltage outputs, the two capactor voltages are also balanced and follow the smlar trace but the voltage rpples on the capactors now s more than balanced source voltage cases. The THD s reduced from 8.16% to.1% after compensaton Udc1(V & Udc (V Tme (s Fgure 1. DC output voltages Udc, Udc1, Udc

13 Three-level (NPC Shunt Actve Power Flter Performances based on C. Balanced-dstorted voltages source When the three-phase voltages are balanced-dstorted, mans voltages contan harmonc voltage components except fundamental component. The expresson of the balanced-dstorted voltages source used n ths work contans the th harmonc component and also has the rd, 7 th, 11 th harmonc component. For ths case, the balanced dstorted tree-phase mans voltages are expressed as below: 4π v sa = 11sn( ωt +. 7sn( ωt sn( ωt + 4π + 4. sn( 7ωt +. 1sn( 11ωt + 4π v sb = 11sn( ωt sn( ωt sn( ωt (1 4π + 4. sn( 7ωt sn( 11ωt π π v sc = 11sn( ωt sn( ωt sn( ωt + π π + 4. sn( 7ωt sn( 11ωt + Fgure 1(a, Fgure 1(b and Fgure 1(c shows the unbalanced voltage source, lne current (before and after compensaton. Fgure 16, shows the current and voltage source, and fnally the dc voltage s presented n Fgure Source voltages Vs-abc (V Tme (s (a Balanced-dstorted supply voltage Vs-abc (V 1 1 Source current sa (A Tme (s (b Source current sa (A before compensaton 4

14 Chenna Salm, et al. 1 Injected current Ih (A Tme (s (c Injected current ha(a 1 Source current sa (A Tme (s (d Source current sa (A before and after compensaton Fgure 1. Source voltage Vsa(V, njected current ha(a and source current sa(a before and after compensaton 4 Vsa (V & sa(a Tme (s Fgure 16. Source current sa (A and source voltage Vsa(V before and after compensaton Fgure 17 show DC voltage outputs, the two capactor voltages are also balanced and follow the smlar trace but the voltage rpples on the capactors now s small than unbalanced source voltage cases. The THD s reduced from 8.16% to.9% after compensaton.

15 Three-level (NPC Shunt Actve Power Flter Performances based on 41 4 Udc1(V & Udc (V Tme (s Fgure 17. DC output voltages Udc, Udc1 and Udc By vsualzng dfferent fgures of the current source after compensaton n all cases of voltage source, we can conclude the success n smulatng of the harmonc currents compensaton usng the proposed fuzzy logc current controller. The performance of the threelevel shunt actve flter based on FLC controller n terms of elmnatng harmoncs are very acceptable. The THD values obtaned n the three studed cases (1.84%,.1% and.9% respect the IEEE standards Norms (THD %. The PI regulator used ensures that the DC voltage across the capactor s constant and equal to Udc-=8V wth a fast dynamc response. The proposed proportonal controller added to DC voltage control loop mproves the performances of actve power flter Fgures (1, (1 and (17 shows the dc voltage output; the voltage rpple n unbalanced voltage case s more than dstorted voltage case. The compensaton of the neutral-pont voltage based on proportonal controller s used to mprove the output multlevel voltage converter and to avod an unbalanced AC voltage waveform on the AC termnals. 7. Concluson In ths paper, a three-phase three-level shunt actve flter based on neutral-pont dode clamped nverter based on PWM fuzzy logc current controller has been adopted to compensate harmonc currents under non deal voltage condtons. The proposed PWM-FLC s desgned to mprove compensaton capablty of APF by adjustng the current error usng a fuzzy rule to generate the PWM swtchng sgnals. To regulate dc bus voltage and compensate the power loss of the actve flter a smple PI voltage controller s used n outer loop. To mprove the output three-level voltage nverter and to avod an unbalanced AC voltage waveform on the AC termnals a neutral-pont potental voltage compensator based on proportonal controller s added to DC voltage n nner control loop. The smulaton results prove the effectveness of the desgned shunt actve flter based on PWM fuzzy logc controller. The source current becomes closely snusodal and n phase wth voltage source and the THD s reduced after compensaton to 1.84%,.1% and.9% for the three cases studed n conformty wth the standard IEEE recommendatons (THD <=%. 8. References [1] O. Vodyakho, T. Km, S. kwak, Comparson of the space vector current controls for shunt actve power flters, IEEE, pp , 8. [] Udom. Khruathep, Suttcha Premrudeepreechacharn, Yuttana Kumsuwan, Implementaton of shunt actve power flter usng source voltage and source current detecton, IEEE, pp 64-1, 8. [] A. Zoud; F. Fnaech, K. Al-Haddad, Voltage source nverter based three-phase shunt actve power flter :Topology, Modelng and control strateges, IEEE, ISIE, pp 78-79, 6. 6

16 Chenna Salm, et al. [4] S. Bhattacharya, T.M Frank, D.M Dvan, B.Banerjee, Actve flter system mplementaton, IEEE, Trans. On Industry Applcatons, Vol.4, Issue, pp. 47-6, [] M. Routmo, M. Salo, H.Tuusa, Comparason of voltage source and current source shunt actve power flter, IEEE, Trans. On Power Electroncs, Vol., Issue, pp 66-64, 7. [6] O. Vodyakho, D. Hacksten, A. Stemel, T. Km, Novel drect current-space vector control for shunt actve power flters based on three-level nverters, IEEE, pp , 8. [7] G. Lu, S. Su, P. Peng, Intellgent Control and Applcaton of All-functon Actve Power Flter, IEEE, Internatonal Conference on Intellgent Computaton Technology and Automaton, pp , 8. [8] Kerrouche Souma, Krm Fateh, Three-phase actve power flter based on fuzzy logc controller, Internatonal Journal of Scences and technques of automatc Control & Computer engneerng, Volume,N 1, pp 94-9, 9. [9] M.Sarra, K.Djaza, A.Chaou, F.Krm, Three-phase actve power flter wth ntegratorproportonal control, rd Internatonal conference on electrcal engneerng, pp 6-11, 9. [1] B.Sng, K.Haddad, A.Chandra, A new control approach to three-phase actve flter for harmoncs and reactve power compensaton, IEEE,Trans. Power Syst.1(1, pp 1-18, [11] S. Chenna, M-T. Benchoua, Three-phase Three-level (NPC Shunt Actve Power Flter Performances based on PWM and ANN s Controllers for Harmonc Current Compensaton, Internatonal Journal on Electrcal Engneerng and Informatcs, IJEEI, March, Vol.6, No.1, pp.1-4, 14. [1] Hugh Rudnck, Juan Dxon and Lus Moran, Delverng clean and pure power, IEEE, power & Energy magazne, pp. -4,. [1] S. Chenna and M-T. Benchoua, Smplfed Control Scheme of Unfed Power Qualty Condtoner based on Three-phase Three-level (NPC nverter to Mtgate Current Source Harmoncs and Compensate All Voltage Dsturbances, Journal of Electrcal Engneerng & Technology, JEET (KIEE, Vol.8, No., pp.44-8, May 1. [14] E.E. El-Kholy, A. El-Hefnawy, H.M Mahrous, Three-phase actve power based on current controlled voltage source nverter, Elsever, Electrc power and Energy Systems 8, pp. 7-47, 6. [1] S.GH Sefossadat, R.Kannezhad, A.Ghasem, M.Monad, Qualty mprovement of shunt actve power flter, usng optmzed tuned harmonc passve flters, Internatonal Symposum on Power Electroncs, Electrcal Drves, Automaton and moton, SPEEDAM 8, pp , 8. [16] Yngje He, Jnjun Lu, Jan Tang, Zhaoan Wang and Yunpng Zou, Research on control system of DC voltage for actve power flters wth three-level NPC nverter, IEEE, pp , 8. [17] H.B Zhang, S.J.Fnney, A.M.Massoud, J.E.Fletcher, B.W.Wllams, Operaton of a three-level NPC actve power flter wth unbalanced and non-lnear loads, IEEE, pp [18] T.N.Reddy, M.V.Subramanyam, Fuzzy logc controlled shunt actve power flter for mtgaton of harmoncs wth dfferent membershp functons, Internatonal Conference on Advances n Computng, Control on Advances n Computng, Control and Telecommuncaton Technologes, pp 616-6, 9. [19] S. Chenna, M-T. Benchoua and A. Goléa, Harmonc currents compensaton based on three-phase three-level shunt actve flter usng fuzzy logc current controller, Journal of Electrcal Engneerng & Technology JEET (KIEE, September, Vol.6, No., pp.9-64, 11. 7

17 Three-level (NPC Shunt Actve Power Flter Performances based on [] S. Chenna, M-T. Benchoua, Intellgent controllers for shunt actve flter to compensate current harmoncs based on SRF and SCR control strateges, Internatonal journal on Electrcal Engneerng and Informatcs, IJEEI, Vol., No., pp. 7-9, 11. Chenna Salm Was born n Bskra, Algera, on February, He obtaned hs engneerng degree n Electrotechncs from Bskra Unversty n 199. He was recruted n 199 as senor engneer n power electroncs n Brne Nuclear Research Center, Algera. Snce, he has been workng as researcher n the Electrcal Engneerng Department. He obtaned hs M.Sc degree n electrcal engneerng n 9 from Meda Unversty, Algera and hs Ph.D. degree n Electrcal Engneerng from Bskra Unversty n 1, Algera. Hs research nters are electrcal drves, power electroncs, power qualty energy mprovement, power systems and ntellgent control. Benchoua Mohamed Toufk Was born n Bskra, Algera. He receved hs Engneer degree n Electrotechncs and M.Sc degree n electrcal engneerng from Bskra Unversty n 1991 and 1998 respectvely. He receved hs Ph.D. n electrcal engneerng from Bskra Unversty n 6. Snce 1 he has held a teachng and research poston n the Electrcal Engneerng Department of Bskra Unversty, Algera. Hs research nters are n electrcal drves, power electroncs and power systems. 8

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