SESAR Wake vortex measurements by radar. First results of the campaign
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1 SESAR Wake vortex measurements by radar. First results of the campaign Ph. Juge
2 Previous campaigns in SESAR P XP0 : months Main Objective Define the adequate set of needed sensors Radar Results X band radar and Lidar are complementary Both of them must become multifunction sensors (wake vortex & weather) Radar power budget must be increased 2
3 Previous campaigns in SESAR P XP1 : months Main Objective Demonstrate the feasibility of a complete real time system Met. Centre External Weather Observ ations Runway Wake Vortex Detection, Prediction and decision support tools Weather LIDAR Scanner Local Met. Sensors Local Weather Nowcast & Forecast MHRPS Turbulences Calculation X Band Radar Local Weather Data Cube Input / Output HMI Supervisor Radar Front- End Lidar Front- End ATC & Airport Systems Radar Wake Processing Lidar Wake Processing Wake Vortex Sensors Wake Plots Tracking Aircraft Characteristics + 4D trajectory Separation Mode Planner Wake Vortex Predictor Monitoring & Alerting Wake Vortex Advisory System Radar Approach Tower 3 Results A complete system can cope with real time constraints but There is a need for an accurate, high refresh rate, short term forecast of weather conditions A long term trial campaign is needed for statistical analysis
4 RADAR/LIDAR 1Y Campaign in CDG Airport Cooperation with P6.8.1 deployment of X-Band radar and Lidar Objectives: Gather data and build a data base to perform statistical analysis Benchmark wake vortices tracking position and strength Monitor RECAT-EU implementation Work on WV severity by crossing WV measurements vs FDR data Schedule Sensors deployment : from Oct 2014 Start of operational campaign : 1 st January
5 Radar Improvements Main radar improvements since the last campaign Refined wake vortex and weather waveforms Radar remote control Automatic data processing chain Improved scanning modes o o Rotating mode : 8RPM & 2D vertical electronic Staring mode : 2D vertical electronic 5
6 RADAR scanning patterns The RADAR setup can be changed by remote control Scanning mode (rotating/staring) Scanning pattern (WV, Weather, Mixed mode) Wave forms (frequencies, number of bursts) Example : Mode VORTEX Example : Mode WEATHER Example : Mode STARING Wake Vortex Short range 7.5 s / Tour (48 /s) Weather Long range 60 km 7.5 s / Tour (48 /s) VORTEX STARRING 3.75 km 2.5 km Weather Short range 5 km 6
7 RADAR deployment during ROISSY 1Y campaign Main Setting of the RADAR during the campaign Wake Vortex domain o Range o Azimut : 600m to 2000m : -10 à +20 around normal to the glide o Elévation : 0 à 5 (4 beams) Weather domain o Idem UFO Landing runway Fence 2 : z = 74m ~ 1100m 3 θ=-4,7 10 Radar 20 Radar RADAR 4 76 m 3,5 67 m 3 57 m 2 38 m RADAR 27L 450m 27R 1100m Range 7
8 RADAR configuration Thales Premise CDG Airport LRC MODEM satellite router MODEM satellite Processing RADAR 8 router RADAR cabinet NAS NAS Date & Time Aircraft type Rain rate Wind EDR Wake vortex tracking Wake vortex circulation
9 Statistical analysis of RADAR measurements Landing aircrafts observed in CDG - 2 Recorded landing aircrafts are sorted by rain rates to evaluate the detection rates & detection duration 9
10 Statistical analysis of RADAR measurements Landing aircrafts observed in CDG - 3 Recorded landing aircrafts are sorted by ICAO category to evaluate the detection rates & detection duration 10
11 Statistical analysis of RADAR measurements Nbr of flights Rain level WTC Total H A A A A A A A B B B B B B77L B77W B L 1 1 E55P 1 1 M A A A A B B B B B B B B B CL CRJ E E F F2TH 1 1 RJ1H RJ S A Total Landing aircrafts observed in CDG - 1 Number of recorded aircraft : ~ Number of recorded aircraft with rain : ~ 1800 Number of recorded aircraft per category with rain : o Category S : 75 o Category H : 393 o Category M : 1380 Data used for statistical analysis 11
12 Development and process of RADAR wake vortex algorithms Wake Vortex algorithms defined with simulated data Wake Vortex algorithms applied on measured data 12
13 Example 1 : landing A342 recorded Doppler map (power spectrum) observed for an A342 (record ) SNR (db) Range (m) Range (m) Wake vortex Elevation =4 signature Elevation =3.5 rain velocity ~ 5 m/s Elevation =3 Elevation =2 Range (m) Range (m) Velocity (m/s) Velocity (m/s) 13
14 Example 1 : landing A342 recorded Range & Normalized circulation map observed for an A342 (record of ) 1 filled circle = 1 RADAR update of the wake vortex position 1 empty square = predicted position of the wake vortex position at previous scan (Kalman filter) Range (m) - A342 Filtered preditcted measured Window Normalized circulation - A342 Core L : Γ 0 : 251 Core R D L, D R (m) Core L Γ/Γ Core R time (s) time (s) 14
15 Example 2 : landing A380 recorded Doppler map (power spectrum) observed for an A380 (record ) SNR (db) Range (m) Range (m) Wake vortex Elevation =4 signature Elevation =3.5 rain velocity ~ 5 m/s Elevation =3 Elevation =2 Range (m) Range (m) Velocity (m/s) Velocity (m/s) 15
16 Example 2 : landing A380 recorded Range & Normalized circulation map observed for an A380 (record of ) 1 filled circle = 1 RADAR update of the wake vortex position 1 empty square = predicted position of the wake vortex position at previous scan (Kalman filter) Range (m) - A380 Filtered preditcted measured Window Normalized circulation - A380 Core L : Γ 0 : 520 (m²/s) Core R D L, D R (m) 1400 Core R Γ/Γ Core L time (s) time (s) 16
17 Statistical analysis of RADAR measurements : detection rate Passed Deteted WTC / ICAO not yes Total général H A A A A A A B B B B B77L B77W M A A A A B B B B B B B B E F F2TH 1 1 RJ1H 3 3 RJ S A Total général Detection rate observed per ICAO category o Category S : 100% o Category H : 87% o Category M : 78%
18 Statistical analysis of RADAR measurements : detection rate - 2 Histograms of wake vortex detection duration (in seconds) Category H Category M Category S 18
19 Summary Previous trial campaign allowed to define the adequate set of sensors Lidar and X Band radar are complementary They must be multifunctions (Wake vortex and Weather monitoring) We developped remote controlled sensors compliant with needs We setup an automatic data processing chain At the end of 2015, we will have the required set (sensors and related data processing chain) to support RECATand or TBS deployment on any airport 19
20 What-is a Wake-Vortex? 20
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