2015 Relay School Bus Protection Mike Kockott March, 2015

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "2015 Relay School Bus Protection Mike Kockott March, 2015"

Transcription

1 2015 Relay School Bus Protection Mike Kockott March, 2015

2 History of Bus Protection Circulating current differential (1900s) High impedance differential (1940s) Percentage restrained differential (1960s) First generation numerical differential (late 80s / early 90s)

3 Measurement Principle Differential - measures all currents into, and out of, the protected zone Boundary of the protected zone defined by the current measuring points (CTs) ZA Ideally, for balanced conditions (no in-zone fault), currents will balance, i.e. current into the zone = current out of the zone Total IOUT = -(Total IIN) [Total IIN + Total IOUT = 0] For in-zone fault, currents no longer balance, i.e. current into the zone current out of the zone

4 Measurement Principle Traditionally, bus differential relays measure the secondary currents of magnetic core CTs non-linear devices needs to be taken into account in the measurement design of bus differential relays Example: external fault primary currents will always be balanced on secondary side, this same balance may not be measured

5 Magnetic Core CTs (Non-Linear Phenomena) CT saturation occurs for high primary current conditions no longer able to transform primary current when fully saturated, a CT is no longer a current source, but instead has just a resistance value Remanence random parameter that can improve or reduce ability to transform primary current Secondary dc transient occurs on interruption of primary current takes the form of an exponentially decaying dc current caused by discharge of stored energy

6 Magnetic Core CTs (Non-Linear Phenomena) The non-linear phenomena of magnetic core CTs have the tendency to cause unwanted operation of bus differential relays so each type of bus differential relay (high impedance, numerical, etc.) must have the means to overcome this non-linear behaviour in its measurement design

7 High Impedance All CT secondary circuits are galvanically connected it is this galvanic connection between the CT circuits that is used to overcome the nonlinear phenomena R L R L R L

8 High Impedance How does it work a high resistance RHIGH is placed in series with the operating element to limit the level of false differential current through the differential branch (during through flow conditions) RHIGH is the effective total resistance of the relay loop RL is the total lead resistance of the CT loop R L R L R HIGH R L Metrosil I>

9 High Impedance External (through flow) fault no CT saturation R L R L R L R HIGH Metrosil I>

10 High Impedance External (through flow) fault full CT saturation the maximum differential branch current for an external fault with a fully saturated CT is: R L (RL+RCT)max Idiffmax = Iunbmax* RHIGH+(RL+RCT)max to ensure stability (no unwanted operation), Idiffmax for an external fault with a fully saturated CT must be less than the set I> pickup requires the maximum resistance of the saturated CT loop (RL+RCT) to be low R L R HIGH I> R L Metrosil R CT

11 High Impedance Criteria to be met: CT secondary loop resistance must be low (with a similar value in all bays) CT requirements all CTs must have the same ratio and magnetising characteristics Requirements incur additional expense Quite reliable and very sensitive Gives operating times of less than one cycle for internal faults

12 Percentage Restrained Developed to lessen the restrictions on CTs imposed by high impedance All CT secondary circuits are galvanically connected Again, it is this galvanic connection between the CT circuits that is used to overcome the non-linear phenomena of the CTs

13 Percentage Restrained iout id iin All measurement decisions are based on these three quantities operation (measurement) of the relay does not depend on the number of connected bays to the protected zone

14 Percentage Restrained Incorporates a stabilising feature Rl = the total saturated CT secondary loop resistance (total lead loop RL+RCT) Rd = the relay differential branch resistance Iin Id R d R l For operation, the differential current ³ set % of incoming (stabilising) current e.g. for x% setting, the differential current ³ x% of the incoming current For stability, the differential current < set % of incoming (stabilising) current Rl e.g. for x% setting must be < set x (pu), i.e. the total CT secondary loop Rl+Rd resistance must be less than a required value

15 Percentage Restrained Stability (no unwanted operation) for external faults, even with fully saturated CT, is guaranteed for differential current below the characteristic I diff Operate I diff > x*i in operate stable Stable I diff x*i in I in x> Rl Rl+Rd

16 Percentage Restrained Improvements over high impedance differential less severe CT requirements can accommodate different CT ratios using auxiliary current transformers can tolerate other relays on the same CT core allows much higher resistance to be included in the secondary circuits of the main CTs than in the high impedance scheme Fast operating times for internal faults detect 1-3 ms trip output 9-13 ms

17 Earlier Generations Short comings unable to detect open CT requires interposing (auxiliary) CTs to match main CT ratios (percentage restraint, not possible for high impedance) double bus (single circuit breaker) requires switching in CT circuits requires bistable (flip-flop) relays to replicate disconnector status for zone selection, trip output selection ZA A B 1 A B ZA 1

18 Earlier Generations Check zone required to ensure stable operation for open CT requires one set of CT cores for ZA/, and a separate set of CT cores for CZ problems with disconnector auxiliary contacts ZA 6 5 all x to ZA all y to CZ ZA-DIFF op -DIFF op CZ-DIFF op CZ-DIFF op Trip-ZA Trip- 1x, 2x, 3x, 4x to ZA/ 5x to ZA 6x to 1y, 2y, 3y, 4y to CZ

19 Analog inputs are galvanically isolated CT not saturated R L R E L A Y CT saturated R CT R L R E L A Y Each analog input quantity is sampled and converted to a numerical number these numerical numbers are used in the algorithms it is therefore not possible to copy and directly re-use the analog technique

20 Recap: earlier generations all CT secondary circuits are galvanically connected used to overcome the nonlinearity of the CTs the secondary circuit loop resistance was the critical factor Numerical the analog inputs are galvanically isolated the secondary circuit loop resistance is no longer the important factor the critical factor now is the time available to make the measurement, i.e. the time to saturation [the CTs must be able to correctly reproduce the current for a minimum time before saturation of the CT begins] for practical protection class CTs, time to saturation, even under extremely heavy CT saturation, is around 2 ms the design criterion used for the numerical algorithm

21 Review: measured signal relationships Zone operating condition Incoming current i in Outgoing current i out Relationship between i in, i out, & i d Normal through load Load current to the differential zone Load current from the differential zone i in = i out i d 0 External fault without CT saturation Fault current to the differential zone Fault current from the differential zone i in = i out i d 0 External fault with CT saturation Fault current to the differential zone Fault current from the differential zone i in >> i out i d i in Internal fault Fault current to the differential zone Outfeed current from the differential zone i in >> i out i d i in

22 Internal fault Iin Iout Id External fault without CT saturation Iin Iout External fault with CT saturation Id Iin Iout Id critical criterion the time available to make the measurement [initial correct reproduction of the current before CT saturation occurred]

23 External fault with CT saturation IC Numerical differential relay Trip

24 Internal fault Numerical differential relay Trip

25 Short comings of earlier generations now overcome detection of open CT circuit without requiring check zone no need for dedicated CT cores with identical secondary windings (ref high impedance) no interposing CTs required any CT ratio difference can be accommodated (practical limit is typically around 10:1) double bus (single circuit breaker) no switching in CT circuits (software zone selection and allocation) no requirement for additional bistable (flip-flop) relays to create the disconnector status replica internally achieved replica now generated within the software based on the zone selection inputs no need for additional tripping relays tripping logic based on internal software zone selection replica

26

27 Features zone differential protection additional sensitive differential protection for added security, can have an external release via a binary input signal broken delta connected 59N pickup neutral point connected 50N pickup

28 Features open CT detection detection per zone per phase action per zone per phase check zone

29 Features zone selection disconnector auxiliary contacts connected to binary inputs zone selection takes place in software based on binary input status zone interconnection (i.e. load transfer) [two zones must merge as one] automatic (e.g. for double bus, single breaker, using the already required zone selection binary inputs) externally driven (other applications) by connecting the applicable switchgear auxiliary contact to a binary input disconnector and/or CB position supervision & alarming

30 Application Types Single bus one zone, no selection (fixed to zone), no zone interconnection Single bus with bus section ZA two zones, no selection (fixed to zone), no zone interconnection

31 Application Types Single bus with bus disconnector ZA two zones (disconnector open), no selection (fixed to zone), one zone for interconnection (disconnector closed) 1½ circuit breaker two zones, no selection (fixed to zone), no zone interconnection

32 Application Types Double bus (single circuit breaker) ZA... two zones, selection (disconnector closed on either ZA or ), one overall zone for interconnection (disconnectors of the same object closed on both ZA and )

33 Double bus (single circuit breaker) disconnector status fed to numerical IED via binary inputs zone selection made in software A IED ZA 1 A B B T F T F X X ZA 1 A/D conversion Multiplication by CT ratio Take account of star-point direction

34 Double bus (single circuit breaker) check zone required to ensure stable operation for incorrect disconnector auxiliary contact status Selection of which CT currents to include in ZA is made using disconnector auxiliary contacts ZA-DIFF ZA-OCT & & ZA-TRIP Selection of which CT currents to include in is made using disconnector auxiliary contacts No selection of which CT currents to include in the CZ is made using disconnector auxiliary contacts -DIFF -OCT CZ-DIFF & & -TRIP for numerical IEDs with open CT detection, there is no need for the check zone to be supplied from separate CT cores to the main zones

35 Single bus all fixed to ZA, no connection to CZ 1½ circuit breaker all fixed to ZA, no connection to CZ all fixed to, no connection to CZ

36 Double bus (single circuit breaker) ZA 6 5 fixed to, no connection to CZ fixed to ZA, no connection to CZ all connected to ZA/ based on selection, all connected to CZ ZA 5 fixed to ZA and -, no connection to CZ all connected to ZA/ based on selection, all connected to CZ zone selection to be made with a and b contacts, or just b contacts

37 Double bus (single circuit breaker) bus coupler with one CT sequence of operation for a fault occurring between the CB and the CT fault internal to ZA, but external to ZA operates immediately trips the bus coupler CB, but the fault is not cleared when the bus coupler CB has opened, use its open status to force the measured bus coupler current to zero (mult by 0) now no longer balanced, i.e. Iout Iin, so will operate remove the force to zero with the CB close pulse ZA 5 Open = logic1 x0 87B

38 Zone interconnection ZA before zone interconnection ZA = 1, 3, 5 = 2, 4, 6

39 Zone interconnection ZA during zone interconnection (e.g. bay 2) in/out bays force all in to both ZA and zones, except if out of service before zone interconnection occurs BC bay force out of both ZA and zones ZA = 1, 3, X5 + 2, 4 = 1, 2, 3, 4 = 2, 4, 6 X + 1, 3 = 1, 2, 3, 4 ZA =, giving effectively one overall zone

40 Zone interconnection ZA during zone interconnection (e.g. bay 2) bay 3 out of service before zone interconnection occurred ZA = 1, X5 + 2, 4 = 1, 2, 4 = 2, 4, X6 + 1 = 1, 2, 4

41 Zone interconnection ZA before zone interconnection ZA = 1, 3, 5 = 4, 5, 6

42 Zone interconnection ZA during zone interconnection in/out bays force all in to both ZA and zones, except if out of service before zone interconnection occurs ZA = 1, 2, 5 + 2, 4, 6 = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 = 2, 4, 6 + 1, 3, 5 = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 ZA =, giving effectively one overall zone

43 Zone interconnection - summary ZA no zone interconnection no zone interconnection no zone interconnection ZA... ZA zone interconnection when disconnector closed two zones merged into one overall zone zone interconnection when both disconnectors of one bay closed two zones merged into one overall zone

44 Zone interconnection ZA 1 A B A B T F X ZA IED automatic, as both disconnector statuses are monitored for zone selection (entered via BIs) T F X ZA & disconnector status entered via BI OR trigger zone interconnection

45 End fault protection CTs object side of the CBs when an object CB is open, stop the measuring boundary at the open CB contacts to remove the over-trip zone, and activate fast 50 protection to trip the remote end over-trip zone Open = logic1 CTs busbar side of the CBs Remove 50 block when CB open when an object CB is open, extend the measuring boundary to the open CB contacts to remove under-trip zone x0 50 BLK 87B Transfer trip to remote end under-trip zone x0 87B Open = logic1

46 Further Numerical Technology Benefits over Earlier Types Ability to communicate, built-in self-supervision Built-in disturbance recorder, event recorder Built-in independent 50BF breaker failure protection for every circuit breaker Built-in multi-step independent 51 backup overcurrent protection for every bay LHMI operator interface, also showing critical overview information etc.

BUS2000 Busbar Differential Protection System

BUS2000 Busbar Differential Protection System BUS2000 Busbar Differential Protection System Differential overcurrent system with percentage restraint protection 1 Typical Busbar Arrangements Single Busbar Double Busbar with Coupler Breaker and a Half

More information

Application of Low-Impedance 7SS601 Busbar Differential Protection

Application of Low-Impedance 7SS601 Busbar Differential Protection Application of Low-Impedance 7SS601 Busbar Differential Protection 1. Introduction Utilities have to supply power to their customers with highest reliability and minimum down time. System disturbances,

More information

Centralized busbar differential and breaker failure protection function

Centralized busbar differential and breaker failure protection function Centralized busbar differential and breaker failure protection function Budapest, December 2015 Centralized busbar differential and breaker failure protection function Protecta provides two different types

More information

Transformer protection IED RET 670

Transformer protection IED RET 670 Gunnar Stranne Transformer protection IED RET 670 Santiago Septiembre 5, 2006 1 Transformer protection IED RET670 2 Introduction features and applications Differential protection functions Restricted Earth

More information

Bus Protection Fundamentals

Bus Protection Fundamentals Bus Protection Fundamentals Terrence Smith GE Grid Solutions 2017 Texas A&M Protective Relay Conference Bus Protection Requirements High bus fault currents due to large number of circuits connected: CT

More information

Shortcomings of the Low impedance Restricted Earth Fault function as applied to an Auto Transformer. Anura Perera, Paul Keller

Shortcomings of the Low impedance Restricted Earth Fault function as applied to an Auto Transformer. Anura Perera, Paul Keller Shortcomings of the Low impedance Restricted Earth Fault function as applied to an Auto Transformer Anura Perera, Paul Keller System Operator - Eskom Transmission Introduction During the design phase of

More information

Earth Fault Protection

Earth Fault Protection Earth Fault Protection Course No: E03-038 Credit: 3 PDH Velimir Lackovic, Char. Eng. Continuing Education and Development, Inc. 9 Greyridge Farm Court Stony Point, NY 10980 P: (877) 322-5800 F: (877) 322-4774

More information

Protection of Electrical Networks. Christophe Prévé

Protection of Electrical Networks. Christophe Prévé Protection of Electrical Networks Christophe Prévé This Page Intentionally Left Blank Protection of Electrical Networks This Page Intentionally Left Blank Protection of Electrical Networks Christophe Prévé

More information

Transformer Protection

Transformer Protection Transformer Protection Transformer Protection Outline Fuses Protection Example Overcurrent Protection Differential Relaying Current Matching Phase Shift Compensation Tap Changing Under Load Magnetizing

More information

Busbars and lines are important elements

Busbars and lines are important elements CHAPTER CHAPTER 23 Protection of Busbars and Lines 23.1 Busbar Protection 23.2 Protection of Lines 23.3 Time-Graded Overcurrent Protection 23.4 Differential Pilot-Wire Protection 23.5 Distance Protection

More information

REB500 TESTING PROCEDURES

REB500 TESTING PROCEDURES Activate HMI 500/REBWIN ver 6.10 or 7.xx. The following screen will appear. Check out the Read Only box & type the password System. Click ok. Connect the black communication cable from the Com port until

More information

Impact of Incipient Faults on Sensitive Protection

Impact of Incipient Faults on Sensitive Protection Impact of Incipient Faults on Sensitive Protection Paper Authors: Ilia Voloh GE Grid Solutions Zhihan Xu, Ilia Voloh GE Grid Solutions Leonardo Torelli CSE-Uniserve Presented by: Tom Ernst GE Grid Solutions

More information

Impact of transient saturation of Current Transformer during cyclic operations Analysis and Diagnosis

Impact of transient saturation of Current Transformer during cyclic operations Analysis and Diagnosis 1 Impact of transient saturation of Current Transformer during cyclic operations Analysis and Diagnosis BK Pandey, DGM(OS-Elect) Venkateswara Rao Bitra, Manager (EMD Simhadri) 1.0 Introduction: Current

More information

Transformer Fault Categories

Transformer Fault Categories Transformer Fault Categories 1. Winding and terminal faults 2. Sustained or uncleared external faults 3. Abnormal operating conditions such as overload, overvoltage and overfluxing 4. Core faults 1 (1)

More information

Modern transformer relays include a comprehensive set of protective elements to protect transformers from faults and abnormal operating conditions

Modern transformer relays include a comprehensive set of protective elements to protect transformers from faults and abnormal operating conditions 1 Transmission transformers are important links in the bulk power system. They allow transfer of power from generation centers, up to the high-voltage grid, and to bulk electric substations for distribution

More information

Hands On Relay School Open Lecture Transformer Differential Protection Scott Cooper

Hands On Relay School Open Lecture Transformer Differential Protection Scott Cooper Hands On Relay School Open Lecture Transformer Differential Protection Scott Cooper Transformer Differential Protection ntroduction: Transformer differential protection schemes are ubiquitous to almost

More information

Unit Protection Differential Relays

Unit Protection Differential Relays Unit Protection PROF. SHAHRAM MONTASER KOUHSARI Current, pu Current, pu Protection Relays - BASICS Note on CT polarity dots Through-current: must not operate Internal fault: must operate The CT currents

More information

XD1-T - Transformer differential protection relay

XD1-T - Transformer differential protection relay XD1-T - Transformer differential protection relay Contents 1. Application and features 2. Design 3. Characteristics 3.1 Operating principle of the differential protection 3.2 Balancing of phases and current

More information

Distributed busbar differential protection function and breaker failure protection

Distributed busbar differential protection function and breaker failure protection Distributed busbar differential protection function and breaker failure protection Document ID: PP-13-21321 Budapest, September 2016. Distributed busbar differential protection function and breaker failure

More information

INSTRUCTION MANUAL BUSBAR PROTECTION RELAY GRB100 - B

INSTRUCTION MANUAL BUSBAR PROTECTION RELAY GRB100 - B INSTRUCTION MANUAL BUSBAR PROTECTION RELAY GRB00 - B ( Channel/ BU) Toshiba Energy Systems & Solutions Corporation 207 All Rights Reserved. ( Ver. 3.6) Safety Precautions Before using this product, be

More information

Hands On Relay School Open Lecture Transformer Differential Protection Scott Cooper

Hands On Relay School Open Lecture Transformer Differential Protection Scott Cooper Hands On Relay School Open Lecture Transformer Differential Protection Scott Cooper Transformer Differential Protection ntroduction: Transformer differential protection schemes are ubiquitous to almost

More information

Power System Protection Part VII Dr.Prof.Mohammed Tawfeeq Al-Zuhairi. Differential Protection (Unit protection)

Power System Protection Part VII Dr.Prof.Mohammed Tawfeeq Al-Zuhairi. Differential Protection (Unit protection) Differential Protection (Unit protection) Differential Protection Differential protection is the best technique in protection. In this type of protection the electrical quantities entering and leaving

More information

g GE POWER MANAGEMENT

g GE POWER MANAGEMENT 745 FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS 1 I get a communication error with the relay when I try to store a setpoint. This error can occur for several different reasons. First of all, verify that the address is

More information

Line Protection Roy Moxley Siemens USA

Line Protection Roy Moxley Siemens USA Line Protection Roy Moxley Siemens USA Unrestricted Siemens AG 2017 siemens.com/digitalgrid What is a Railroad s Biggest Asset? Rolling Stock Share-holders Relationships Shipping Contracts Employees (Engineers)

More information

Bus protection with a differential relay. When there is no fault, the algebraic sum of circuit currents is zero

Bus protection with a differential relay. When there is no fault, the algebraic sum of circuit currents is zero Bus protection with a differential relay. When there is no fault, the algebraic sum of circuit currents is zero Consider a bus and its associated circuits consisting of lines or transformers. The algebraic

More information

Extensive LV cable network. Figure 1: Simplified SLD of the transformer and associated LV network

Extensive LV cable network. Figure 1: Simplified SLD of the transformer and associated LV network Copyright 2017 ABB. All rights reserved. 1. Introduction Many distribution networks around the world have limited earth-fault current by a resistor located in the LV winding neutral point of for example

More information

Burdens & Current Transformer Requirements of MiCOM Relays. Application Notes B&CT/EN AP/B11. www. ElectricalPartManuals. com

Burdens & Current Transformer Requirements of MiCOM Relays. Application Notes B&CT/EN AP/B11. www. ElectricalPartManuals. com Burdens & Current Transformer Requirements of MiCOM Relays Application Notes B&CT/EN AP/B11 Application Notes B&CT/EN AP/B11 Burdens & CT Req. of MiCOM Relays Page 1/46 CONTENTS 1. ABBREVIATIONS & SYMBOLS

More information

Advanced Paralleling of LTC Transformers by VAR TM Method

Advanced Paralleling of LTC Transformers by VAR TM Method TAPCHANGER CONTROLS Application Note #24 Advanced Paralleling of LTC Transformers by VAR TM Method 1.0 ABSTRACT Beckwith Electric Company Application Note #11, Introduction of Paralleling of LTC Transformers

More information

Numbering System for Protective Devices, Control and Indication Devices for Power Systems

Numbering System for Protective Devices, Control and Indication Devices for Power Systems Appendix C Numbering System for Protective Devices, Control and Indication Devices for Power Systems C.1 APPLICATION OF PROTECTIVE RELAYS, CONTROL AND ALARM DEVICES FOR POWER SYSTEM CIRCUITS The requirements

More information

Transformer Protection

Transformer Protection Transformer Protection Nature of transformer faults TXs, being static, totally enclosed and oil immersed develop faults only rarely but consequences large. Three main classes of faults. 1) Faults in Auxiliary

More information

www. ElectricalPartManuals. com Generator Differential Relay MD32G Rotating Machine Differential Relay

www. ElectricalPartManuals. com Generator Differential Relay MD32G Rotating Machine Differential Relay Generator Differential Relay The MD3G Rotating Machine Differential Relay is a member of Cooper Power Systems Edison line of microprocessor based protective relays. The MD3G relay offers the following

More information

Protective Relaying of Power Systems Using Mathematical Morphology

Protective Relaying of Power Systems Using Mathematical Morphology Q.H. Wu Z. Lu T.Y. Ji Protective Relaying of Power Systems Using Mathematical Morphology Springer List of Figures List of Tables xiii xxi 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Introduction and Definitions 1 1.2 Historical

More information

Differential Protection with REF 542plus Feeder Terminal

Differential Protection with REF 542plus Feeder Terminal Differential Protection with REF 542plus Application and Setting Guide kansikuva_bw 1MRS 756281 Issued: 09.01.2007 Version: A Differential Protection with REF 542plus Application and Setting Guide Contents:

More information

NERC Requirements for Setting Load-Dependent Power Plant Protection: PRC-025-1

NERC Requirements for Setting Load-Dependent Power Plant Protection: PRC-025-1 NERC Requirements for Setting Load-Dependent Power Plant Protection: PRC-025-1 Charles J. Mozina, Consultant Beckwith Electric Co., Inc. www.beckwithelectric.com I. Introduction During the 2003 blackout,

More information

NERC Protection Coordination Webinar Series June 9, Phil Tatro Jon Gardell

NERC Protection Coordination Webinar Series June 9, Phil Tatro Jon Gardell Power Plant and Transmission System Protection Coordination GSU Phase Overcurrent (51T), GSU Ground Overcurrent (51TG), and Breaker Failure (50BF) Protection NERC Protection Coordination Webinar Series

More information

PIPSPC. Prepared by Eng: Ahmed Safie Eldin. And. Introduction. Protection Control. Practical. System. Power

PIPSPC. Prepared by Eng: Ahmed Safie Eldin. And. Introduction. Protection Control. Practical. System. Power PIPSPC Practical Introduction Power System Protection Control Practical Introduction To Power System Protection And Control Prepared by Eng: Ahmed Safie Eldin 2005 Contents POWER SYSTEMS PRINCIPALS. 1

More information

Application Guide High Impedance Differential Protection Using SIEMENS 7SJ602

Application Guide High Impedance Differential Protection Using SIEMENS 7SJ602 Application Guide High Impedance Differential Protection Using SIEMENS 7SJ602 1 / 12 1 INTRODUCTION This document provides guidelines for the performance calculations required for high impedance differential

More information

Solution for Effect of Zero Sequence Currents on Y-Y Transformer Differential Protection

Solution for Effect of Zero Sequence Currents on Y-Y Transformer Differential Protection ABSTRACT National conference on Engineering Innovations and Solutions (NCEIS 2018) International Journal of Scientific Research in Computer Science, Engineering and Information Technology 2018 IJSRCSEIT

More information

www. ElectricalPartManuals. com Transformer Differential Relay MD32T Transformer Differential Relay

www. ElectricalPartManuals. com Transformer Differential Relay MD32T Transformer Differential Relay Transformer Differential Relay The MD3T Transformer Differential Relay is a member of Cooper Power Systems Edison line of microprocessor based protective relays. The MD3T relay offers the following functions:

More information

XD1-T Transformer differential protection relay. Manual XD1-T (Revision A)

XD1-T Transformer differential protection relay. Manual XD1-T (Revision A) XD1-T Transformer differential protection relay Manual XD1-T (Revision A) Woodward Manual XD1-T GB Woodward Governor Company reserves the right to update any portion of this publication at any time. Information

More information

Power Station Electrical Protection A 2 B 2 C 2 Neutral C.T E M L } a 2 b 2 c 2 M M M CT Restricted E/F Relay L L L TO TRIP CIRCUIT Contents 1 The Need for Protection 2 1.1 Types of Faults............................

More information

Stabilized Differential Relay SPAD 346. Product Guide

Stabilized Differential Relay SPAD 346. Product Guide Issued: July 1998 Status: Updated Version: D/21.03.2006 Data subject to change without notice Features Integrated three-phase differential relay, three-phase overcurrent relay and multiconfigurable earth-fault

More information

Substation applications

Substation applications Substation applications To make it easy to choose the right for a protection application, the most typical applications are presented with the type of for them. Each sample application is presented by:

More information

Protection Basics Presented by John S. Levine, P.E. Levine Lectronics and Lectric, Inc GE Consumer & Industrial Multilin

Protection Basics Presented by John S. Levine, P.E. Levine Lectronics and Lectric, Inc GE Consumer & Industrial Multilin Protection Basics Presented by John S. Levine, P.E. Levine Lectronics and Lectric, Inc. 770 565-1556 John@L-3.com 1 Protection Fundamentals By John Levine 2 Introductions Tools Outline Enervista Launchpad

More information

Summary Paper for C IEEE Guide for Application of Digital Line Current Differential Relays Using Digital Communication

Summary Paper for C IEEE Guide for Application of Digital Line Current Differential Relays Using Digital Communication Summary Paper for C37.243 IEEE Guide for Application of Digital Line Current Differential Relays Using Digital Communication by: Neftaly Torres, P.E. 70 th Annual Conference for Protective Relay Engineers,

More information

High-Tech Range. IRI1-ER- Stablized Earth Fault Current Relay. C&S Protection & Control Ltd.

High-Tech Range. IRI1-ER- Stablized Earth Fault Current Relay. C&S Protection & Control Ltd. High-Tech Range IRI1-ER- Stablized Earth Fault Current Relay C&S Protection & Control Ltd. Contents 1. Summary 7. Housing 2. Applications 3. Characteristics and features 4. Design 7.1 Individual housing

More information

Catastrophic Relay Misoperations and Successful Relay Operation

Catastrophic Relay Misoperations and Successful Relay Operation Catastrophic Relay Misoperations and Successful Relay Operation Steve Turner (Beckwith Electric Co., Inc.) Introduction This paper provides detailed technical analysis of several catastrophic relay misoperations

More information

UProtection Requirements. Ufor a Large scale Wind Park. Shyam Musunuri Siemens Energy

UProtection Requirements. Ufor a Large scale Wind Park. Shyam Musunuri Siemens Energy UProtection Requirements Ufor a Large scale Wind Park Shyam Musunuri Siemens Energy Abstract: In the past wind power plants typically had a small power rating when compared to the strength of the connected

More information

2C73 Setting Guide. High Impedance Differential Relay. Advanced Protection Devices. relay monitoring systems pty ltd

2C73 Setting Guide. High Impedance Differential Relay. Advanced Protection Devices. relay monitoring systems pty ltd 2C73 Setting Guide High Impedance Differential Relay relay monitoring systems pty ltd Advanced Protection Devices 1. INTRODUCTION This document provides guidelines for the performance calculations required

More information

NOVEL PROTECTION SYSTEMS FOR ARC FURNACE TRANSFORMERS

NOVEL PROTECTION SYSTEMS FOR ARC FURNACE TRANSFORMERS NOVEL PROTECTION SYSTEMS FOR ARC FURNACE TRANSFORMERS Ljubomir KOJOVIC Cooper Power Systems - U.S.A. Lkojovic@cooperpower.com INTRODUCTION In steel facilities that use Electric Arc Furnaces (EAFs) to manufacture

More information

NERC Protection Coordination Webinar Series June 16, Phil Tatro Jon Gardell

NERC Protection Coordination Webinar Series June 16, Phil Tatro Jon Gardell Power Plant and Transmission System Protection Coordination Phase Distance (21) and Voltage-Controlled or Voltage-Restrained Overcurrent Protection (51V) NERC Protection Coordination Webinar Series June

More information

7PG21 Solkor R/Rf Pilot Wire Current Differential Protection Energy Management

7PG21 Solkor R/Rf Pilot Wire Current Differential Protection Energy Management Reyrolle Protection Devices 7PG21 Solkor R/Rf Pilot Wire Current Differential Protection Energy Management 7PG21 Solkor R/Rf Pilot Wire Current Differential Protection Description Solkor R & Solkor Rf

More information

SYNCHRONISING AND VOLTAGE SELECTION

SYNCHRONISING AND VOLTAGE SELECTION SYNCHRONISING AND VOLTAGE SELECTION This document is for Relevant Electrical Standards document only. Disclaimer NGG and NGET or their agents, servants or contractors do not accept any liability for any

More information

Smart Busbar Protection Based ANFIS Technique for Substations and Power Plants

Smart Busbar Protection Based ANFIS Technique for Substations and Power Plants Smart Busbar Protection Based ANFIS Technique for Substations and Power Plants 1 Mohamed A. Ali, 2 Sayed A. Ward, 3 Mohamed S. Elkhalafy 123 Faculty of Engineering Shoubra, Benha University Email: 1 mohamed.mohamed02@feng.bu.edu.eg,

More information

2C73 Setting Guide. High Impedance Differential Relay. relay monitoring systems pty ltd Advanced Protection Devices

2C73 Setting Guide. High Impedance Differential Relay. relay monitoring systems pty ltd Advanced Protection Devices 2C73 Setting Guide High Impedance Differential Relay relay monitoring systems pty ltd Advanced Protection Devices 1. INTRODUCTION This document provides guidelines for the performance calculations required

More information

Keywords: Transformer, differential protection, fuzzy rules, inrush current. 1. Conventional Protection Scheme For Power Transformer

Keywords: Transformer, differential protection, fuzzy rules, inrush current. 1. Conventional Protection Scheme For Power Transformer Vol. 3 Issue 2, February-2014, pp: (69-75), Impact Factor: 1.252, Available online at: www.erpublications.com Modeling and Simulation of Modern Digital Differential Protection Scheme of Power Transformer

More information

Transformer Protection Principles

Transformer Protection Principles Transformer Protection Principles 1. Introduction Transformers are a critical and expensive component of the power system. Due to the long lead time for repair of and replacement of transformers, a major

More information

Texas Reliability Entity Event Analysis. Event: May 8, 2011 Loss of Multiple Elements Category 1a Event

Texas Reliability Entity Event Analysis. Event: May 8, 2011 Loss of Multiple Elements Category 1a Event Texas Reliability Entity Event Analysis Event: May 8, 2011 Loss of Multiple Elements Category 1a Event Texas Reliability Entity July 2011 Page 1 of 10 Table of Contents Executive Summary... 3 I. Event

More information

Sequence Networks p. 26 Sequence Network Connections and Voltages p. 27 Network Connections for Fault and General Unbalances p. 28 Sequence Network

Sequence Networks p. 26 Sequence Network Connections and Voltages p. 27 Network Connections for Fault and General Unbalances p. 28 Sequence Network Preface p. iii Introduction and General Philosophies p. 1 Introduction p. 1 Classification of Relays p. 1 Analog/Digital/Numerical p. 2 Protective Relaying Systems and Their Design p. 2 Design Criteria

More information

COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL. Index

COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL. Index Index Note: Bold italic type refers to entries in the Table of Contents, refers to a Standard Title and Reference number and # refers to a specific standard within the buff book 91, 40, 48* 100, 8, 22*,

More information

Summary Paper for C IEEE Guide for Application of Digital Line Current Differential Relays Using Digital Communication

Summary Paper for C IEEE Guide for Application of Digital Line Current Differential Relays Using Digital Communication Summary Paper for C37.243 IEEE Guide for Application of Digital Line Current Differential Relays Using Digital Communication Participants At the time this draft was completed, the D32 Working Group had

More information

Power System Protection Where Are We Today?

Power System Protection Where Are We Today? 1 Power System Protection Where Are We Today? Meliha B. Selak Power System Protection & Control IEEE PES Distinguished Lecturer Program Preceding IEEE PES Vice President for Chapters melihas@ieee.org PES

More information

Power systems Protection course

Power systems Protection course Al-Balqa Applied University Power systems Protection course Department of Electrical Energy Engineering 1 Part 5 Relays 2 3 Relay Is a device which receive a signal from the power system thought CT and

More information

7PG21 Solkor R/Rf Pilot Wire Current Differential Protection Answers for energy

7PG21 Solkor R/Rf Pilot Wire Current Differential Protection Answers for energy Reyrolle Protection Devices 7PG21 Solkor R/Rf Pilot Wire Current Differential Protection Answers for energy 7PG21 Solkor R/Rf Pilot Wire Current Differential Protection Description Additional Options Solkor

More information

Distance Relay Response to Transformer Energization: Problems and Solutions

Distance Relay Response to Transformer Energization: Problems and Solutions 1 Distance Relay Response to Transformer Energization: Problems and Solutions Joe Mooney, P.E. and Satish Samineni, Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories Abstract Modern distance relays use various filtering

More information

Power Plant and Transmission System Protection Coordination Fundamentals

Power Plant and Transmission System Protection Coordination Fundamentals Power Plant and Transmission System Protection Coordination Fundamentals NERC Protection Coordination Webinar Series June 2, 2010 Jon Gardell Agenda 2 Objective Introduction to Protection Generator and

More information

A Tutorial on the Application and Setting of Collector Feeder Overcurrent Relays at Wind Electric Plants

A Tutorial on the Application and Setting of Collector Feeder Overcurrent Relays at Wind Electric Plants A Tutorial on the Application and Setting of Collector Feeder Overcurrent Relays at Wind Electric Plants Martin Best and Stephanie Mercer, UC Synergetic, LLC Abstract Wind generating plants employ several

More information

Reyrolle Protection Devices. 7PG21 Solkor R/Rf Pilot Wire Current Differential Protection. Answers for energy

Reyrolle Protection Devices. 7PG21 Solkor R/Rf Pilot Wire Current Differential Protection. Answers for energy Reyrolle Protection Devices 7PG21 Solkor R/Rf Pilot Wire Current Differential Protection Answers for energy 7PG21 Solkor R/Rf Pilot Wire Current Differential Protection Additional Options 15kV Isolation

More information

R10. IV B.Tech I Semester Regular/Supplementary Examinations, Nov/Dec SWITCH GEAR AND PROTECTION. (Electrical and Electronics Engineering)

R10. IV B.Tech I Semester Regular/Supplementary Examinations, Nov/Dec SWITCH GEAR AND PROTECTION. (Electrical and Electronics Engineering) R10 Set No. 1 Code No: R41023 1. a) Explain how arc is initiated and sustained in a circuit breaker when the CB controls separates. b) The following data refers to a 3-phase, 50 Hz generator: emf between

More information

ARC FLASH HAZARD ANALYSIS AND MITIGATION

ARC FLASH HAZARD ANALYSIS AND MITIGATION ARC FLASH HAZARD ANALYSIS AND MITIGATION J.C. Das IEEE PRESS SERIES 0N POWER ENGINEERING Mohamed E. El-Hawary, Series Editor IEEE IEEE PRESS WILEY A JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC., PUBLICATION CONTENTS Foreword

More information

Current Transformer Requirements for VA TECH Reyrolle ACP Relays. PREPARED BY:- A Allen... APPROVED :- B Watson...

Current Transformer Requirements for VA TECH Reyrolle ACP Relays. PREPARED BY:- A Allen... APPROVED :- B Watson... TECHNICAL REPORT APPLICATION GUIDE TITLE: Current Transformer Requirements for VA TECH Reyrolle ACP Relays PREPARED BY:- A Allen... APPROVED :- B Watson... REPORT NO:- 990/TIR/005/02 DATE :- 24 Jan 2000

More information

POWER TRANSFORMER PROTECTION USING ANN, FUZZY SYSTEM AND CLARKE S TRANSFORM

POWER TRANSFORMER PROTECTION USING ANN, FUZZY SYSTEM AND CLARKE S TRANSFORM POWER TRANSFORMER PROTECTION USING ANN, FUZZY SYSTEM AND CLARKE S TRANSFORM 1 VIJAY KUMAR SAHU, 2 ANIL P. VAIDYA 1,2 Pg Student, Professor E-mail: 1 vijay25051991@gmail.com, 2 anil.vaidya@walchandsangli.ac.in

More information

Transmission Lines and Feeders Protection Pilot wire differential relays (Device 87L) Distance protection

Transmission Lines and Feeders Protection Pilot wire differential relays (Device 87L) Distance protection Transmission Lines and Feeders Protection Pilot wire differential relays (Device 87L) Distance protection 133 1. Pilot wire differential relays (Device 87L) The pilot wire differential relay is a high-speed

More information

System Protection and Control Subcommittee

System Protection and Control Subcommittee Power Plant and Transmission System Protection Coordination Reverse Power (32), Negative Sequence Current (46), Inadvertent Energizing (50/27), Stator Ground Fault (59GN/27TH), Generator Differential (87G),

More information

ENGINEERING. Unit 4 Principles of electrical and electronic engineering Suite. Cambridge TECHNICALS LEVEL 3

ENGINEERING. Unit 4 Principles of electrical and electronic engineering Suite. Cambridge TECHNICALS LEVEL 3 2016 Suite Cambridge TECHNICALS LEVEL 3 ENGINEERING Unit 4 Principles of electrical and electronic engineering D/506/7269 Guided learning hours: 60 Version 3 October 2017 - black lines mark updates ocr.org.uk/engineering

More information

Complex Solution for the Distribution Substation REF 542plus. Application and Setting Guide

Complex Solution for the Distribution Substation REF 542plus. Application and Setting Guide Complex Solution for the Distribution Substation REF 542plus 1MRS756412 Complex Solution for the Distribution Substation REF 542plus Copyrights The information in this document is subject to change without

More information

Single Line Diagram of Substations

Single Line Diagram of Substations Single Line Diagram of Substations Substations Electric power is produced at the power generating stations, which are generally located far away from the load centers. High voltage transmission lines are

More information

Detecting and Managing Geomagnetically Induced Currents With Relays

Detecting and Managing Geomagnetically Induced Currents With Relays Detecting and Managing Geomagnetically Induced Currents With Relays Copyright SEL 2013 Transformer Relay Connections Voltage Current Control RTDs Transformer Protective Relay Measures differential current

More information

A short introduction to Protection and Automation Philosophy

A short introduction to Protection and Automation Philosophy Training Center A short introduction to Protection and Automation Philosophy Philippe Goossens & Cédric Moors Training Center Contents Definitions and basic concepts Differential and distance protection

More information

7PG2113/4/5/6 Solkor Feeder Protection Answers for energy

7PG2113/4/5/6 Solkor Feeder Protection Answers for energy Reyrolle Protection Devices 7PG2113/4/5/6 Solkor Feeder Protection Answers for energy 7PG2113/4/5/6 Solkor Contents Contents Technical Manual Chapters 1. Description of Operation 2. Settings 3. Performance

More information

SPAD 346 C Stabilized differential relay

SPAD 346 C Stabilized differential relay SPAD 346 C Stabilized differential relay Stabilized Differential Relay Type SPAD 346 C Features Integrated three-phase differential relay, three-phase overcurrent relay and multiconfigurable earth-fault

More information

Appendix S: PROTECTION ALTERNATIVES FOR VARIOUS GENERATOR CONFIGURATIONS

Appendix S: PROTECTION ALTERNATIVES FOR VARIOUS GENERATOR CONFIGURATIONS Appendix S: PROTECTION ALTERNATIVES FOR VARIOUS GENERATOR CONFIGURATIONS S1. Standard Interconnection Methods with Typical Circuit Configuration for Single or Multiple Units Note: The protection requirements

More information

Protective Relays Digitrip 3000

Protective Relays Digitrip 3000 New Information Technical Data Effective: May 1999 Page 1 Applications Provides reliable 3-phase and ground overcurrent protection for all voltage levels. Primary feeder circuit protection Primary transformer

More information

Switch-on-to-Fault Schemes in the Context of Line Relay Loadability

Switch-on-to-Fault Schemes in the Context of Line Relay Loadability Attachment C (Agenda Item 3b) Switch-on-to-Fault Schemes in the Context of Line Relay Loadability North American Electric Reliability Council A Technical Document Prepared by the System Protection and

More information

High Voltage Busbar Protection

High Voltage Busbar Protection High Voltage Busbar Protection Course No: E05-012 Credit: 5 PDH Velimir Lackovic, Char. Eng. Continuing Education and Development, Inc. 9 Greyridge Farm Court Stony Point, NY 10980 P: (877) 322-5800 F:

More information

Z. Kuran Institute of Power Engineering Mory 8, Warszawa (Poland)

Z. Kuran Institute of Power Engineering Mory 8, Warszawa (Poland) 111 Study Committee B5 Colloquium 2005 September 14-16 Calgary, CANADA Summary TRANSFORMERS DIGITAL DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION WITH CRITERION VALUES RECORDING FUNCTION Z. Kuran Institute of Power Engineering

More information

SIPROTEC 5 Application. SIP5-APN-025-en: 7UT8 Autotransformer bank with 2 sets of CT inside the delta connection of the compensation side

SIPROTEC 5 Application. SIP5-APN-025-en: 7UT8 Autotransformer bank with 2 sets of CT inside the delta connection of the compensation side www.siemens.com/protection SIPROTEC 5 Application SIP5-APN-025-en: 7UT8 Autotransformer bank with 2 sets of CT in the delta connection of the compensation Answers for infrastructure and cities. Autotransformer

More information

PC IEEE Guide for Grounding of Instrument Transformer Secondary Circuits and Cases

PC IEEE Guide for Grounding of Instrument Transformer Secondary Circuits and Cases PC57.13.3 IEEE Guide for Grounding of Instrument Transformer Secondary Circuits and Cases OUTLINE Scope References Need for grounding; Warning Definition of Instrument transformers Grounding secondary

More information

Company Replaces previous document Document ID Issue E.ON Elnät Sverige AB Ny engelsk utgåva D

Company Replaces previous document Document ID Issue E.ON Elnät Sverige AB Ny engelsk utgåva D Document type Page Verksamhetsstyrande 1 (11) Company Replaces previous document Document ID Issue E.ON Elnät Sverige AB Ny engelsk utgåva D17-0008990 1.0 Organisation Valid from Valid until Regionnätsaffärer

More information

Course No: 1 13 (3 Days) FAULT CURRENT CALCULATION & RELAY SETTING & RELAY CO-ORDINATION. Course Content

Course No: 1 13 (3 Days) FAULT CURRENT CALCULATION & RELAY SETTING & RELAY CO-ORDINATION. Course Content Course No: 1 13 (3 Days) FAULT CURRENT CALCULATION & RELAY SETTING & RELAY CO-ORDINATION Sr. No. Course Content 1.0 Fault Current Calculations 1.1 Introduction to per unit and percentage impedance 1.2

More information

Improving Transformer Protection

Improving Transformer Protection Omaha, NB October 12, 2017 Improving Transformer Protection Wayne Hartmann VP, Customer Excellence Senior Member, IEEE Wayne Hartmann Senior VP, Customer Excellence Speaker Bio whartmann@beckwithelectric.com

More information

POWER SYSTEM ANALYSIS TADP 641 SETTING EXAMPLE FOR OVERCURRENT RELAYS

POWER SYSTEM ANALYSIS TADP 641 SETTING EXAMPLE FOR OVERCURRENT RELAYS POWER SYSTEM ANALYSIS TADP 641 SETTING EXAMPLE FOR OVERCURRENT RELAYS Juan Manuel Gers, PhD Example - Single Line Example 1 - Data Calculate the following: 1. The three phase short circuit levels on busbars

More information

Distance Element Performance Under Conditions of CT Saturation

Distance Element Performance Under Conditions of CT Saturation Distance Element Performance Under Conditions of CT Saturation Joe Mooney Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories, Inc. Published in the proceedings of the th Annual Georgia Tech Fault and Disturbance Analysis

More information

This webinar brought to you by The Relion Product Family Next Generation Protection and Control IEDs from ABB

This webinar brought to you by The Relion Product Family Next Generation Protection and Control IEDs from ABB This webinar brought to you by The Relion Product Family Next Generation Protection and Control IEDs from ABB Relion. Thinking beyond the box. Designed to seamlessly consolidate functions, Relion relays

More information

Protection of Microgrids Using Differential Relays

Protection of Microgrids Using Differential Relays 1 Protection of Microgrids Using Differential Relays Manjula Dewadasa, Member, IEEE, Arindam Ghosh, Fellow, IEEE and Gerard Ledwich, Senior Member, IEEE Abstract A microgrid provides economical and reliable

More information

TRAINING Learning and Training application on site. QUALIFYING Evaluation of quiz Knowledge Validation To learn required skills

TRAINING Learning and Training application on site. QUALIFYING Evaluation of quiz Knowledge Validation To learn required skills FIRST LOGIC Substation Automation Training Proficiency development training programme Client-precise. Excellence through certification on your requirements. First Logic substation automation institute

More information

Unit 2. Single Line Diagram of Substations

Unit 2. Single Line Diagram of Substations Unit 2 Single Line Diagram of Substations Substations Electric power is produced at the power generating stations, which are generally located far away from the load centers. High voltage transmission

More information

7SG14 Duobias-M Transformer Protection

7SG14 Duobias-M Transformer Protection 7SG14 Duobias-M Transformer Protection Document Release History This document is issue 2010/02. The list of revisions up to and including this issue is: Pre release Revision Date Change 2010/02 Document

More information

A Guide to the DC Decay of Fault Current and X/R Ratios

A Guide to the DC Decay of Fault Current and X/R Ratios A Guide to the DC Decay of Fault Current and X/R Ratios Introduction This guide presents a guide to the theory of DC decay of fault currents and X/R ratios and the calculation of these values in Ipsa.

More information

presentation contents application advantages

presentation contents application advantages presentation contents page presentation protection functional and connection schemes other connection schemes connection characteristics 9 installation 0 commissioning ordering information Sepam 00 is

More information