Radio Frequency Environmental Study (RFES SM ) for theat&t Mobility Cell Site IL-1076

Transcription

1 Lawrence Behr Associates, Inc Tupper Drive Greenville, North Carolina FAX Radio Frequency Environmental Study (RFES SM ) for theat&t Mobility Cell Site IL March 8, 2013

2 NOTICE This work is based upon our best interpretation of available information. However, these data and their interpretation are constantly changing. Therefore, we do not warrant that any undertaking based on this report will be successful, or that others will not require further research or actions in support of this proposal or future undertaking. In the event of errors, our liability is strictly limited to replacement of this document with a corrected one. Liability for consequential damages is specifically disclaimed. Any use of this document constitutes an agreement to hold Lawrence Behr Associates, Inc. and its employees harmless and indemnify it for any and all liability, claims, demands, litigation expenses and attorney s fees arising out of such use. Work product documents released prior to account settlement remain the sole property of Lawrence Behr Associates, Inc. and must be returned on demand. Underlying work notes and data relating to this document remain the property of Lawrence Behr Associates, Inc. This document shall not be reproduced in whole or part without permission of Lawrence Behr Associates, Inc. Any dispute hereunder shall be adjudicated in North Carolina. Any use or retention of this document constitutes acceptance of these terms, the entire work product, and all charges associated therewith. COPYRIGHT 2013 BY GREENVILLE, NORTH CAROLINA

3 Radio Frequency Environmental Study(RFES SM )fortheat&t Mobility Cell Site IL-1076 Introduction This summary report has been prepared in response to a request for an analysis of the radio frequency (RF) environment in the vicinity of the proposed broadband communications base station at the IL-1076 site in. It should be noted that this report is based on the latest construction plans supplied to this office. Predicted RF exposure from this site has been compared with the latest public exposure standards adopted by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC). It has been determined that predicted public exposure is much less than current public exposure standards. Facilities proposes to install broadband communications facilities on a building at Jamieson Elementary School, 5630 N. Mozart Street,. The structure has an overall height of 115 feet and the building roof level is at 50 feet. The antennas will be mounted on the chimney at 60 feet above roof level. This site was studied by another firm for T-Mobile in a report dated December 26, The instant report only examines the new antenna in detail, and incorporates summary information from the earlier study. The transmitting facilities will be installed in buildings on the roof. The transmission outputs from these facilities will be carried to the antennas through non-radiating shielded coaxial cables. They will transmit at frequencies between 824 and 835 MHz, 698 and 746 MHz, 1930 and 1990 MHz, and 2130 and 2135 MHz. Because of the difference in frequencies, the maximum permitted exposure levels are different. In order to determine the overall effect from a mixed transmitter site such as this one, the exposure levels from each facility must be determined, and then the

4 percent of maximum for that facility alone. Finally, the percentages of maximum for the different facilities are summed to obtain the total percent of maximum from the site. The antennas to be used are Andrew Model SBNH-1D6565B. These are highly directional and are designed to sharply reduce the power emitted towards the ground. The antennas will radiate most of the power at the horizon rather than towards the roof or the ground near the base of the building. The proposed broadband communications installations are very low powered compared to typical broadcast facilities such as AM and FM radio and TV broadcast stations. By design, the facilities will communicate on demand with mobile radios within a radius of several miles. The proposed facilities are designed to operate at a maximum power of 150 watts ERP per GSM channel,700 watts ERP per UMTS channel, 955 watts ERP per LTE channel, and 2884 watts ERP per 2100 MHz channel. The power density will vary below this maximum as needed, based solely on the random demand of individual radio users, but will not exceed the stated amounts. The 115 foot tall chimney will support three transmitting antenna arrays at 110 feet above ground. proposes to use a maximum of four GSM transmit antennas, 4 UMTS transmit antennas, 1 LTE transmit antenna and MHz transmit antenna for each of the three directions. The maximum radiated power for each channel in each direction will be as stated. Consequently, the maximum radiated power in any direction will be 7239 watts towards the horizontal plane, assuming that all transmitters are operating simultaneously. In our analysis, we made the assumption that the site was operating at full capacity with all channels transmitting. This means that during normal operation the actual measured exposure levels are likely to be somewhat smaller than the corresponding calculated values. Furthermore, signal levels inside nearby buildings will be lower than those immediately outside because of the high attenuation of most common building materials at these frequencies. 1 Hence, signal levels inside nearby buildings will not be greater than normal ambient levels found in the area. Results of Analysis The RF power density surrounding the cell site has been analyzed using the techniques and procedures outlined in the FCC Office of Engineering and 1 Previous measurements made by this firm on signal attenuation inside buildings indicate that typical cellular signals are reduced to less than 1/100 of their free space value. Page 2

5 Technology (OET) Bulletin No Limits for acceptable RF exposure are also defined in FCC OET Bulletin No. 65. This bulletin defines a Maximum Permitted Exposure ( MPE ) limit, which varies with the frequency of the signal. There are two different types of MPE discussed, a General Population/ Uncontrolled MPE and an Occupational/Controlled MPE. The FCC s definitions of these terms may be found in the Glossary attached. For a more detailed discussion, see OET Bulletin No. 65. It is important to note that the FCC and ANSI require no precautions if the level is below the general population/uncontrolled MPE limit. The occupational/controlled MPE limit is 10 times less than the level that causes any observed biological effect, and the general population/uncontrolled MPE limit is 1/5 of that higher MPE level, so there is a significant safety margin inherent in the Rules. The FCC s MPE limits are based on exposure limits recommended by the National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements (NCRP) and, over a wide range of frequencies, the exposure limits developed by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE), and adopted by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) to replace the 1982 ANSI guidelines. Limits for localized absorption are based on recommendations of both ANSI/IEEE and NCRP. The FCC s MPE guidelines may be averaged over certain periods of time with the average not to exceed the limit for continuous exposure. The averaging time for occupational/controlled exposures is 6 minutes, while the averaging time for general populations/uncontrolled exposures is 30 minutes. These studies were done assuming a height of six feet above roof level, or approximately head height for a person walking on the roof, and assuming continuous exposure. Levels on the roof itself will be slightly lower, so this represents the worst-case exposure for a person on the roof. The tables in this report show both uncontrolled and controlled MPE calculations. Further discussion in this report uses only general population/uncontrolled MPE exposure, which is the highest level of public protection. In any event, the study results indicate that there is no need to control access to the roof by workers to ensure RF exposure compliance, so no further discussion of occupational/controlled MPE limits is contained herein. The uncontrolled MPE limit varies with the frequency of the signal, but the most stringent uncontrolled MPE limit for broadband frequencies is 565 microwatts per 2 FCC OET Bulletin No.65, Edition 97-01, August 1997, defines the accepted equations and methods used for measuring RF power density. Page 3

6 square centimeter (µw/cm 2 ). 3 By substituting this value into the equations outlined in the OET Bulletin No. 65, it can be calculated that the threshold at which the FCC public exposure standard would be exceeded would be reached at a distance of 74 feet directly in front of the main beam of the antennas. Similarly it can be calculated that, at the worst point of the roof, the maximum exposure from the antennas that would be encountered at six feet above roof level from the GSM system would be approximately µw/cm 2, which is % of the FCC uncontrolled MPE standard, from the UMTS system would be approximately µw/cm 2, which is % of the FCC uncontrolled MPE standard, of the LTE system would be approximately µw/cm 2, which is % of the FCC uncontrolled MPE standard, and from the 2100 MHz system would be approximately µw/cm 2, which is % of the FCC uncontrolled MPE standard. The combined impact of the system is % of the FCC uncontrolled MPE standard. Thus, potential exposures at roof level will be about 64 times less than the FCC public exposure standard. 4 From the earlier study, maximum exposure near roof level from the T-Mobile antennas is approximately 2.5% of the FCC public exposure standard. The combined exposure from all wireless operators after the antennas are installed will be approximately % of the FCC uncontrolled standard, or, about 25 times less than the FCC public exposure standard. The closest possible classroom space is under the roof. The floor is approximately 10 feet below the roof. Therefore, these studies of the upper roof are worst case for any people in or around the school building and indicate values higher than would be encountered by any students or staff in the classroom areas. From our experience in attenuation of intervening building materials, we estimate the levels at ceiling level in any student occupied area are less than 1/2500 of the FCC uncontrolled MPE standard. This is calculated using the accepted roof attenuation factor of 20 db. The FCC uncontrolled MPE standard was established at a level that is no more than 1/10 of the amount of exposure that has been accepted as having any biological effect on living tissue. 3 The units used in the standards represent extremely low values of power. For clarity, a list of power density levels relative to common references can be found in the Glossary. 4 The FCC has separate standards for the general public (uncontrolled) and occupational (controlled) exposures. The uncontrolled exposure limits are five times more stringent than the limits for controlled exposures. Page 4

7 Conclusion From the above discussion, it can be seen that near roof level the maximum exposure from the combined antennas of the proposed site IL-1076 installation is far below the FCC public exposure standard. In fact, a person would have to approach within approximately 74 feet in the main beam of the AT&T Mobility antennas in order to reach the FCC public exposure limit. March 8, 2013 Page 5

8 Qualifications Statement Lawrence Behr Associates, Inc. is a telecommunications consulting firm headquartered in Greenville, North Carolina, which has been providing service to the wireless industry for over 35 years. The team assembled for the RFES SM (Radio Frequency Environment Study) consists of the following personnel: Radio Frequency Consultant: Kathryn G. Tesh, N.C.E. Project Consultant: Lawrence V. Behr Radio Frequency Consultant: Kathryn G. Tesh, N.C.E. Ms. Tesh is a Senior Technical Consultant who provides extensive experience in data analysis for regulatory compliance issues pertaining to the wireless industry. Ms. Tesh holds a BA in mathematics from East Carolina University and is certified by the International Association for Radio, Telecommunications and Electromagnetics (inarte) as a Regulatory Compliance Engineer. She has over 20 years experience in interpreting the FCC technical regulations and preparing the technical portions of applications before them. Her extensive training and experience in using and developing software tools to interpret both theoretical and field data supports specialized analyses of zoning related RF issues. Her broad areas of experience include: broadcast AM, FM, and TV issues, both commercial and educational; Multi-channel Multipoint Distribution Service (MMDS) and Instructional Television Fixed Service (ITFS) facilities; cellular telephone, PCS and SMR issues; propagation studies at various frequencies, including those listed above; analysis of intermodulation issues; and analysis of radiofrequency radiation considerations for wireless providers. Project Consultant: Lawrence V. Behr, CEO Mr. Behr established Lawrence Behr Associates, Inc., in 1963 and since that time has provided services in the areas of radio frequency engineering, interference analysis, broadcast system design, radio frequency propagation, field intensity measurement and analysis. He has served as an expert witness in matters related to radio frequency systems in zoning hearings, the courts, and the Federal Communications Commissions (FCC). His expertise in radio frequency fields extends through the microwave area, and has resulted in patents on antenna radiating systems. Mr. Behr is a Certified Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) Engineer and is FCC licensed.

9 Appendices Supplemental Information This section contains several charts, graphs, and illustrations pertaining to the information presented within this report. The Appendix contains the following: Appendix Vertical Polar Pattern of the Andrew SBNH-1D6565B Antenna Appendix Relative Power of Typical RF Transmission Systems in the Area Appendix Maximum Permissible Exposure (MPE) FCC OET Bulletin No. 65 Appendix Predicted Power Density from the Proposed GSM Installation Appendix Predicted Power Density from the Proposed UMTS Installation Appendix Predicted Power Density from the Proposed LTE Installation Appendix Predicted Power Density from the Proposed 2100 MHz Installation Appendix Graph of Predicted Power Density from the Proposed GSM Installation Appendix Graph of Predicted Power Density from the Proposed UMTS Installation Appendix Graph of Predicted Power Density from the Proposed LTE Installation Appendix Graph of Predicted Power Density from the Proposed 2100 MHz Installation Appendix Predicted Power Density from the Proposed IL-1076 Antennas Relative to the Existing Broadcast Licensees

10 Appendix Area Around the Proposed IL-1076 Antennas Where the FCC Uncontrolled MPE Standard Will Be Exceeded Appendix AM Broadcast Stations Within 20 Miles of the IL-1076 Site Appendix FM Broadcast Stations Within 20 Miles of the IL-1076 Site Appendix Television Broadcast Stations Within 20 Miles of the IL-1076 Site Appendix Contribution of to RF Environment at the Proposed IL-1076 Site Notes Regarding Cellular-Type System Operations Glossary of Terms Page 2

11 Appendix Vertical Polar Pattern of the SBNH- 1D6565BAntenna Vertical Pattern Andrew SBNH-1D6565B

12 Appendix Relative Power oftypical RF Transmission Systems in thearea Typical ERP Power (kw) UHF TV FM RADIO AM RADIO WIRELESS TransmissionSystemType

13 Appendix Maximum Permissible Exposure(MPE) FCCOETBulletinNo Pow er Density (mw/cm²) Frequency (MHz) Occupational General Public

14 Appendix Predicted Power Density from the ProposedAT&TMobility GSM Installation GROUND SLANT ANGLE ANTENNA POWER POWER PERCENT PERCENT DIST DIST DOWN FACTOR FACTOR DENSITY FCC FCC (ft) (ft) (deg) (db) (uw/cm2) PUBLIC CNTRLD % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % MAXIMUM % % AVERAGE % %

15 Appendix Predicted Power Density from the ProposedAT&TMobility UMTS Installation GROUND SLANT ANGLE ANTENNA POWER POWER PERCENT PERCENT DIST DIST DOWN FACTOR FACTOR DENSITY FCC FCC (ft) (ft) (deg) (db) (uw/cm2) PUBLIC CNTRLD % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % MAXIMUM % % AVERAGE % %

16 Appendix Predicted Power Density from the ProposedAT&TMobility LTE Installation GROUND SLANT ANGLE ANTENNA POWER POWER PERCENT PERCENT DIST DIST DOWN FACTOR FACTOR DENSITY FCC FCC (ft) (ft) (deg) (db) (uw/cm2) PUBLIC CNTRLD % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % MAXIMUM % % AVERAGE % %

17 Appendix Predicted Power Density from the ProposedAT&TMobility 2100 MHz Installation GROUND SLANT ANGLE ANTENNA POWER POWER PERCENT PERCENT DIST DIST DOWN FACTOR FACTOR DENSITY FCC FCC (ft) (ft) (deg) (db) (uw/cm2) PUBLIC CNTRLD % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % MAXIMUM % % AVERAGE % %

18 Appendix Graph of Predicted Power Density from the ProposedAT&TMobility GSM Installation

19 Appendix Graph of Predicted Power Density from the ProposedAT&TMobility UMTS Installation % % PERCENT OF FCC PUBLIC LIMIT % % % % % % % % % DISTANCE FROM SOURCE ALONG GROUND(feet) MAXIMUM AVERAGE

20 Appendix Graph of Predicted Power Density from the ProposedAT&TMobility LTE Installation

21 Appendix Graph of Predicted Power Density from the ProposedAT&TMobility 2100 MHz Installation

22 Appendix Predicted Power Density from the Proposed IL-1076 AT&TMobilityAntennas Relative to the Existing Broadcast Licensees

23 Appendix AreaAround the Proposed IL-1076 AT&T MobilityAntennas Where the FCC Uncontrolled MPE Standard Will Be Exceeded

24 Appendix AM Broadcast Stations in thevicinity of the IL-1076 Site There are no AM stations within 20 miles of this site that have the potential to contribute at least 0.01% of the uncontrolled MPE at site IL-1076.

25 Appendix FM Broadcast Stations in thevicinity of the IL-1076 Site STATION ASSIGNED CENTER POWER DISTANCE POWER PERCENT PERCENT CALL CHANNEL FREQ ERP FROM SITE DENSITY FCC FCC LETTERS NUMBER (MHz) (kw) (mi) (uw/cm2) PUBLIC CNTRLD WNUR-FM % 0.000% WMBI-FM % 0.000% WXRT % 0.000% WBBM-FM % 0.001% WUSN % 0.001% WVAZ % 0.000% WKSC-FM % 0.000% WJMK % 0.001% WCFS-FM % 0.001% TOTAL RF CONTRIBUTION OF LOCAL FM RADIO STATIONS (%): 0.020% 0.004% Note: All emitters assumed omnidirectional line-of-sight. Only contributors of 0.001% Uncontrolled MPE standard or greater shown.

26 Appendix TVBroadcast Stations in the Vicinity of the IL-1076 Site STATION ASSIGNED CENTER POWER DISTANCE POWER PERCENT PERCENT CALL CHANNEL FREQ ERP FROM SITE DENSITY FCC FCC LETTERS NUMBER (MHz) (kw) (mi) (uw/cm2) PUBLIC CNTRLD WGN-TV % 0.001% WYCC % 0.000% WWME-CA % 0.001% WBBM-TV % 0.000% WCIU-TV % 0.001% WMAQ-TV % 0.001% WFLD % 0.002% WJYS % 0.000% WGBO-DT % 0.001% WOCH-CA % 0.001% WCPX-TV % 0.001% WLS-TV % 0.002% WSNS-TV % 0.001% WTTW % 0.001% WXFT-DT % 0.001% WPWR-TV % 0.002% TOTAL RF CONTRIBUTION OF LOCAL TV BROADCAST STATIONS (%): 0.081% 0.016% Note: All emitters assumed omnidirectional line-of-sight. Only contributors of 0.001% Uncontrolled MPE standard or greater shown.

27 Appendix Contribution of to RF Environment at the IL-1076 Site % IT % IM L % IC L70.000% B U P60.000% C % F % F O30.000% T N E % C R10.000% E P 0.000% Base of Tower Max Worst Case EXPOSURE ON GROUND NEAR TOWER WIRELESS AM FM TV ALL BROADCAST TOTAL RF

28 Notes Regarding Cellular-Type System Operations Prior to 1997, many common RF transmitters and facilities were excluded from the FCC Rules regarding RF exposure evaluation based on calculations and measurement data indicating that these systems would not exceed the FCC exposure limits under normal and routine use (b) of the FCC Rules "categorically excluded" such classes of transmitters from routine environmental evaluation with respect to RF exposure. Examples of excluded transmitters and facilities included: citizens band, mobile private land mobile, mobile cellular radio, cordless telephones, and amateur radio stations. These exclusions were based primarily on considerations regarding the excluded transmitters' relatively low operating power, intermittent operation, and/or inaccessibility. In August of 1997, the FCC adopted new standards concerning environmental studies. The new standards, found in 47 CFR , require environmental evaluation for cellular-type installations only if: Non-building mounted antennas: Height above ground level to lowest point of antenna is less than 10 meters (33 feet) and total power of all channels is greater than 2000 W ERP. Building mounted antennas: Total power of all channels is greater than 2000 W ERP. Radio frequencies extend from 10 kilohertz (khz) to 300 gigahertz (GHz). Extremely low frequencies (ELF) are at the lowest end of the electromagnetic spectrum and are typified by 60 hertz (Hz) alternating current (AC) powered devices such as household appliances. To put it another way, assume the electromagnetic spectrum to be a highway. A traveler would encounter 60 Hz ELF only three feet after starting the journey. The AM radio broadcast band would be reached in 10 miles, the FM radio band in 1000 miles, and the various cellular-type systems in 10,000 miles. Clearly, ELF frequencies are not radio frequencies and should not be confused with the cellular-type portion of the electromagnetic spectrum. Since cellular-type systems and television systems occupy different parts of the UHF band, the probability of interference between the two systems is very low. The FCC imposes no restrictions on the location of cellulartype facilities with respect to television facilities, or vice versa. In licensing proceedings for the two services, there is no requirement that any interference conditions from one system to the receivers of another be studied. Although the probability of interference is extremely low, the FCC would require the cellular-type licensee to remediate any interference that might occur in the immediate vicinity of the cellular-type installation.

29 Glossary of Terms Cell sites (antennas): Cell sites are cellular-type radio facilities that transmit and receive radio waves at frequencies in the ultra-high frequency (UHF) band of the electromagnetic spectrum. A cell site consists of radio transmitters, receivers, and antennas. The receivers and transmitters are typically housed in small equipment shelters or rooms. The transmitters operate at very low power levels so their signals do not interfere with transmissions in adjacent cells. The antennas are most often located on towers or rooftops. A cell site connects with other facilities via radio waves that are transmitted to the mobile switching office, which routes the calls to their intended destinations. Cellular Communications Services: Radio communications that encompass mobile and ancillary fixed communications that provide services to individuals and businesses and can be integrated with a variety of competing networks. Cellular is most often used for mobile telephony. Cellular services transmit in the MHz and receive in the MHz bands. Effective radiated power (ERP): The term ``effective radiated power'' means the product of the antenna power (transmitter output power less transmission line loss) times: (1) The antenna power gain, or (2) the antenna field gain squared. Electric field: Electric fields represent the forces that electric charges exert on other charges at a distance because of their positive or negative charges. Positive charged particles repel each other, as do negatively charged particles; particles with opposite charges (positive vs. negative) attract each other. These forces of attraction and repulsion are carried from charge to charge through space by the electric field. These charges produce two kinds of fields: electric fields that result from the strength of the charges, and magnetic fields that result from the motions of the charges. When the electric and magnetic fields move through space, they are often referred to as propagating electromagnetic fields. Electric field strength (E): A field vector quantity that represents the force (F) on an infinitesimal unit positive test charge (q) at a point divided by that charge. Electric field strength is expressed in units of volts per meter (V/m). (FCC OET Bulletin No.65, Edition 97-01, August 1997). Electromagnetic energy: Radiant energy contains both electric and magnetic components, and it travels in a wavelike fashion. This form of energy has no mass and propagates through space at the speed of light. Human exposure to electromagnetic energy is common and comes from a number of natural and manmade sources. For example, the flow of electrical charges within the earth, which accounts for its magnetic field, and the energy from the sun are both constant sources of exposure. Even the human body generates electromagnetic energy. Common man-made sources include transmission lines, household wiring, home appliances, computers, television, and radio. Electromagnetic energy is differentiated by wavelength or frequency and by its effects on biological materials, which differ markedly across the bands of RF spectrum. Electromagnetic field: Electromagnetic fields are made up of two components: a force similar to the energy surrounding electric charges and a force similar to the energy originating from a magnet.

30 Electromagnetic radiation (EMR): Electromagnetic radiation refers to the propagation of electromagnetic waves through space. Federal Communications Commission (FCC): The FCC regulates the allocation of the RF spectrum for public and private communication facilities and devices. The FCC also issues directives concerning the safety of communications systems and equipment. Frequency: Frequency is the number of times a specified phenomenon occurs within a specified period of time. With electromagnetic waves, it is the number of waves passing a given point during a given time. A unit of frequency is the hertz (Hz) which is a measure of the number of waves or cycles per second. A unit of one thousand is a kilohertz (khz), a unit of one million is a megahertz (MHz), and a unit of one billion is a gigahertz (GHz). The higher the frequency, the shorter the wavelength. Frequencies of cellular radio waves are fairly high, about 850 millions of cycles per second, so the wavelengths are relatively short, about 14 inches. Frequency is often used to characterize a particular type of electromagnetic energy. For example, extremely-low frequency (ELF) is used to describe the 60-cycle (60-Hz) energy associated with power lines; very-high frequency (VHF) waves are commonly used to transmit radio and television broadcasts ( MHz), and cellular-type systems as well as UHF television and other services operate in the ultra-high frequency band (300-3,000 MHz). General population/uncontrolled exposure: For FCC purposes, applies to human exposure to RF fields when the general public is exposed or in which persons who are exposed as a consequence of their employment may not be made fully aware of the potential for exposure or cannot exercise control over their exposure. Therefore, members of the general public always fall under this category when exposure is not employment-related. (FCC OET Bulletin No.65, Edition 97-01, August 1997). Hertz (Hz): A unit used to measure frequency expressed as one cycle per second. In the U.S., alternating current (AC) has a frequency of 60 Hz. In most of Europe, alternating current has a frequency of 50 Hz. Radio waves in current commercial or military use range in frequency from tens of Hz to thousands, millions and billions of hertz; X-ray frequencies range in the billions of billions of Hz. Units of one thousand, one million, and one billion Hertz are abbreviated, respectively, as khz (kilohertz), MHz (megahertz), and GHz (gigahertz). Ionizing electromagnetic radiation: Electromagnetic energy at a frequency beyond the far ultraviolet and high enough to separate electrons from atoms is called ionization radiation. X-rays and gamma rays are common types of ionizing electromagnetic radiation. Cellular-type telecommunication radio waves do not ionize biological tissues. Magnetic field: When electric charges move they create additional forces on each other. These additional forces are carried through space by magnetic fields. A magnetic field represents the forces that a moving charge exerts on other moving charges because they are moving. All electric currents produce magnetic fields. Magnetic field strength (H): A field vector that is equal to the magnetic flux density divided by the permeability of the medium. Magnetic field strength is expressed in units of amperes per meter (A/m). (FCC OET Bulletin No.65, Edition 97-01, August 1997). Maximum permissible exposure (MPE): The rms and peak electric and magnetic field strength, their squares, or the plane-wave equivalent power densities associated with these fields to which a person may be exposed without harmful effect and with an acceptable safety factor. (FCC OET Bulletin No.65, Edition 97-01, August 1997). Non-ionizing electromagnetic radiation (NIEMR): Electromagnetic energy at frequencies below the far ultraviolet. NIEMR does not possess sufficient photon energy to strip electrons from biological molecules Page 2

31 (ionization). Television, radio waves (including those of cellular-type radio), and microwaves are all common examples of NIEMR. Occupational/controlled exposure: For FCC purposes, applies to human exposure to RF fields when persons are exposed as a consequence of their employment and in which those persons who are exposed have been made fully aware of the potential for exposure and can exercise control over their exposure. Occupational/controlled exposure limits also apply where exposure is of a transient nature as a result of incidental passage through a location where exposure levels may be above general population/uncontrolled limits (see definition above), as long as the exposed person has been made fully aware of the potential for exposure and can exercise control over his or her exposure by leaving the area or by some other appropriate means. (FCC OET Bulletin No.65, Edition 97-01, August 1997). Personal Communications Services: Radio communications that encompass mobile and ancillary fixed communications that provide services to individuals and businesses and can be integrated with a variety of competing networks. PCS is often used for mobile telephony. Broadband PCS is PCS services operating in the MHz, MHz, MHz, and MHz bands. Narrowband PCS is PCS services operating in the MHz, MHz, and MHZ bands. Portable cellular telephones: Portable, hand-held cellular phones resemble in size and form the familiar cordless handset. The antenna is located on the top of the hand set and protrudes beyond the head of the user during use. Because the antenna is mounted on top of the hand set, there is normally a two-inch distance between the base of the antenna and the head of the user. Hand-held cellular telephones, unlike those used in conventional landline telephones, do not use permanent magnets or electromagnetic receivers in creating audible signals. Because the hand-held cellular phone uses an electrostatic receiver, the intensity of low-frequency magnetic fields that are incident on the human brain during use of a handset are much more intense for the user of the land-line phone. Although there is no evidence that the intense magnetic fields associated with use of landline phones pose a health problem, there is irony in a recent recommendation by the FDA that users of hand-held cellular phones should use land-line phones preferentially when possible. As alluded to earlier, there are some epidemiological reports that indicate an increased risk of brain cancer and leukemia from exposure to low-frequency magnetic fields. If these reports are valid--and their validity is currently a matter of intense scientific controversy--the cellular telephone should be much the safer device! Power density: The intensity of radio waves at VHF and UHF frequencies is expressed in terms of power density and is commonly measured in units called milliwatts per square centimeter (mw/cm 2 ). A milliwatt is one thousandth of a watt. Lower power densities, such as those associated with cellular-type transmissions, may also be expressed in microwatts per square centimeter (µw/cm 2 ) or even more likely, in nanowatts per square centimeter (nw/cm 2 ). A microwatt is one-millionth of a watt, and a nanowatt is a billionth of a watt. In contrast, strengths of magnetic fields are expressed in units of amperes per meter (A/M), and the strengths of electric fields are expressed in units of volts or kilovolts per meter (V/m or kv/m). The intensity of magnetic fields is also commonly expressed in terms of flux density, the appropriate unit of which in the tesla (T). (Magnetic-flux density is also frequently reported in terms of an outmoded unit, the gauss [G], which is not recognized in the International System [S.I.] of units.) Measurements of power density can be made with specific equipment that typically assesses either the electric or magnetic component of the field. The type of instrument and probe selected depends upon what frequencies are being measured and what sensitivity level or range of power one wants to be able to record. An independent laboratory should have calibrated instruments used for official measurements within the past year. Measurements should be taken and recorded by a qualified expert in accord with recommendations made by the National Council on Radiation and Protection in Measurements (NCRP). Use of the wrong instrumentation or operation Page 3

32 of equipment under conditions other than those recommended by the manufacturer, can result in erroneous readings. Radiation: Any of a variety of forms of energy propagated through space. Radiation may involve either particles (for example alpha or beta particles) or waves (for example X-rays, light, radio waves). Ionizing radiations, such as X-rays, carry enough photon energy to break chemical and electrical bonds. Non-ionizing radiation does not have sufficient energy to break chemical and electric bonds of biological materials. Cellular-type telephone systems use non-ionizing electromagnetic energy. Root-mean-square (rms): The effective value, or the value associated with joule heating, of a periodic electromagnetic wave. The rms value is obtained by taking the square root of the mean of the squared value of a function. (FCC OET Bulletin No.65, Edition 97-01, August 1997). Wavelength: The distance between any two corresponding points on consecutive waves (e.g., peak-to-peak distance). For example, ELF energy has wavelengths of thousands of miles, while point-to-point microwave transmissions have wavelengths of approximately four inches. Page 4

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34 Lawrence Behr Associates, Inc Tupper Drive Greenville, North Carolina FAX Radio Frequency Environmental Study (RFES SM ) for theat&t Mobility Cell Site IL March 8, 2013

35 NOTICE This work is based upon our best interpretation of available information. However, these data and their interpretation are constantly changing. Therefore, we do not warrant that any undertaking based on this report will be successful, or that others will not require further research or actions in support of this proposal or future undertaking. In the event of errors, our liability is strictly limited to replacement of this document with a corrected one. Liability for consequential damages is specifically disclaimed. Any use of this document constitutes an agreement to hold Lawrence Behr Associates, Inc. and its employees harmless and indemnify it for any and all liability, claims, demands, litigation expenses and attorney s fees arising out of such use. Work product documents released prior to account settlement remain the sole property of Lawrence Behr Associates, Inc. and must be returned on demand. Underlying work notes and data relating to this document remain the property of Lawrence Behr Associates, Inc. This document shall not be reproduced in whole or part without permission of Lawrence Behr Associates, Inc. Any dispute hereunder shall be adjudicated in North Carolina. Any use or retention of this document constitutes acceptance of these terms, the entire work product, and all charges associated therewith. COPYRIGHT 2013 BY GREENVILLE, NORTH CAROLINA

36 Radio Frequency Environmental Study(RFES SM )fortheat&t Mobility Cell Site IL-1076 Introduction This summary report has been prepared in response to a request for an analysis of the radio frequency (RF) environment in the vicinity of the proposed broadband communications base station at the IL-1076 site in. It should be noted that this report is based on the latest construction plans supplied to this office. Predicted RF exposure from this site has been compared with the latest public exposure standards adopted by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC). It has been determined that predicted public exposure is much less than current public exposure standards. Facilities proposes to install broadband communications facilities on a building at Jamieson Elementary School, 5630 N. Mozart Street,. The structure has an overall height of 115 feet and the building roof level is at 50 feet. The antennas will be mounted on the chimney at 60 feet above roof level. This site was studied by another firm for T-Mobile in a report dated December 26, The instant report only examines the new antenna in detail, and incorporates summary information from the earlier study. The transmitting facilities will be installed in buildings on the roof. The transmission outputs from these facilities will be carried to the antennas through non-radiating shielded coaxial cables. They will transmit at frequencies between 824 and 835 MHz, 698 and 746 MHz, 1930 and 1990 MHz, and 2130 and 2135 MHz. Because of the difference in frequencies, the maximum permitted exposure levels are different. In order to determine the overall effect from a mixed transmitter site such as this one, the exposure levels from each facility must be determined, and then the

37 percent of maximum for that facility alone. Finally, the percentages of maximum for the different facilities are summed to obtain the total percent of maximum from the site. The antennas to be used are Andrew Model SBNH-1D6565B. These are highly directional and are designed to sharply reduce the power emitted towards the ground. The antennas will radiate most of the power at the horizon rather than towards the roof or the ground near the base of the building. The proposed broadband communications installations are very low powered compared to typical broadcast facilities such as AM and FM radio and TV broadcast stations. By design, the facilities will communicate on demand with mobile radios within a radius of several miles. The proposed facilities are designed to operate at a maximum power of 150 watts ERP per GSM channel,700 watts ERP per UMTS channel, 955 watts ERP per LTE channel, and 2884 watts ERP per 2100 MHz channel. The power density will vary below this maximum as needed, based solely on the random demand of individual radio users, but will not exceed the stated amounts. The 115 foot tall chimney will support three transmitting antenna arrays at 110 feet above ground. proposes to use a maximum of four GSM transmit antennas, 4 UMTS transmit antennas, 1 LTE transmit antenna and MHz transmit antenna for each of the three directions. The maximum radiated power for each channel in each direction will be as stated. Consequently, the maximum radiated power in any direction will be 7239 watts towards the horizontal plane, assuming that all transmitters are operating simultaneously. In our analysis, we made the assumption that the site was operating at full capacity with all channels transmitting. This means that during normal operation the actual measured exposure levels are likely to be somewhat smaller than the corresponding calculated values. Furthermore, signal levels inside nearby buildings will be lower than those immediately outside because of the high attenuation of most common building materials at these frequencies. 1 Hence, signal levels inside nearby buildings will not be greater than normal ambient levels found in the area. Results of Analysis The RF power density surrounding the cell site has been analyzed using the techniques and procedures outlined in the FCC Office of Engineering and 1 Previous measurements made by this firm on signal attenuation inside buildings indicate that typical cellular signals are reduced to less than 1/100 of their free space value. Page 2

38 Technology (OET) Bulletin No Limits for acceptable RF exposure are also defined in FCC OET Bulletin No. 65. This bulletin defines a Maximum Permitted Exposure ( MPE ) limit, which varies with the frequency of the signal. There are two different types of MPE discussed, a General Population/ Uncontrolled MPE and an Occupational/Controlled MPE. The FCC s definitions of these terms may be found in the Glossary attached. For a more detailed discussion, see OET Bulletin No. 65. It is important to note that the FCC and ANSI require no precautions if the level is below the general population/uncontrolled MPE limit. The occupational/controlled MPE limit is 10 times less than the level that causes any observed biological effect, and the general population/uncontrolled MPE limit is 1/5 of that higher MPE level, so there is a significant safety margin inherent in the Rules. The FCC s MPE limits are based on exposure limits recommended by the National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements (NCRP) and, over a wide range of frequencies, the exposure limits developed by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE), and adopted by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) to replace the 1982 ANSI guidelines. Limits for localized absorption are based on recommendations of both ANSI/IEEE and NCRP. The FCC s MPE guidelines may be averaged over certain periods of time with the average not to exceed the limit for continuous exposure. The averaging time for occupational/controlled exposures is 6 minutes, while the averaging time for general populations/uncontrolled exposures is 30 minutes. These studies were done assuming a height of six feet above roof level, or approximately head height for a person walking on the roof, and assuming continuous exposure. Levels on the roof itself will be slightly lower, so this represents the worst-case exposure for a person on the roof. The tables in this report show both uncontrolled and controlled MPE calculations. Further discussion in this report uses only general population/uncontrolled MPE exposure, which is the highest level of public protection. In any event, the study results indicate that there is no need to control access to the roof by workers to ensure RF exposure compliance, so no further discussion of occupational/controlled MPE limits is contained herein. The uncontrolled MPE limit varies with the frequency of the signal, but the most stringent uncontrolled MPE limit for broadband frequencies is 565 microwatts per 2 FCC OET Bulletin No.65, Edition 97-01, August 1997, defines the accepted equations and methods used for measuring RF power density. Page 3

39 square centimeter (µw/cm 2 ). 3 By substituting this value into the equations outlined in the OET Bulletin No. 65, it can be calculated that the threshold at which the FCC public exposure standard would be exceeded would be reached at a distance of 74 feet directly in front of the main beam of the antennas. Similarly it can be calculated that, at the worst point of the roof, the maximum exposure from the antennas that would be encountered at six feet above roof level from the GSM system would be approximately µw/cm 2, which is % of the FCC uncontrolled MPE standard, from the UMTS system would be approximately µw/cm 2, which is % of the FCC uncontrolled MPE standard, of the LTE system would be approximately µw/cm 2, which is % of the FCC uncontrolled MPE standard, and from the 2100 MHz system would be approximately µw/cm 2, which is % of the FCC uncontrolled MPE standard. The combined impact of the system is % of the FCC uncontrolled MPE standard. Thus, potential exposures at roof level will be about 64 times less than the FCC public exposure standard. 4 From the earlier study, maximum exposure near roof level from the T-Mobile antennas is approximately 2.5% of the FCC public exposure standard. The combined exposure from all wireless operators after the antennas are installed will be approximately % of the FCC uncontrolled standard, or, about 25 times less than the FCC public exposure standard. The closest possible classroom space is under the roof. The floor is approximately 10 feet below the roof. Therefore, these studies of the upper roof are worst case for any people in or around the school building and indicate values higher than would be encountered by any students or staff in the classroom areas. From our experience in attenuation of intervening building materials, we estimate the levels at ceiling level in any student occupied area are less than 1/2500 of the FCC uncontrolled MPE standard. This is calculated using the accepted roof attenuation factor of 20 db. The FCC uncontrolled MPE standard was established at a level that is no more than 1/10 of the amount of exposure that has been accepted as having any biological effect on living tissue. 3 The units used in the standards represent extremely low values of power. For clarity, a list of power density levels relative to common references can be found in the Glossary. 4 The FCC has separate standards for the general public (uncontrolled) and occupational (controlled) exposures. The uncontrolled exposure limits are five times more stringent than the limits for controlled exposures. Page 4

40 Conclusion From the above discussion, it can be seen that near roof level the maximum exposure from the combined antennas of the proposed site IL-1076 installation is far below the FCC public exposure standard. In fact, a person would have to approach within approximately 74 feet in the main beam of the AT&T Mobility antennas in order to reach the FCC public exposure limit. March 8, 2013 Page 5

41 Qualifications Statement Lawrence Behr Associates, Inc. is a telecommunications consulting firm headquartered in Greenville, North Carolina, which has been providing service to the wireless industry for over 35 years. The team assembled for the RFES SM (Radio Frequency Environment Study) consists of the following personnel: Radio Frequency Consultant: Kathryn G. Tesh, N.C.E. Project Consultant: Lawrence V. Behr Radio Frequency Consultant: Kathryn G. Tesh, N.C.E. Ms. Tesh is a Senior Technical Consultant who provides extensive experience in data analysis for regulatory compliance issues pertaining to the wireless industry. Ms. Tesh holds a BA in mathematics from East Carolina University and is certified by the International Association for Radio, Telecommunications and Electromagnetics (inarte) as a Regulatory Compliance Engineer. She has over 20 years experience in interpreting the FCC technical regulations and preparing the technical portions of applications before them. Her extensive training and experience in using and developing software tools to interpret both theoretical and field data supports specialized analyses of zoning related RF issues. Her broad areas of experience include: broadcast AM, FM, and TV issues, both commercial and educational; Multi-channel Multipoint Distribution Service (MMDS) and Instructional Television Fixed Service (ITFS) facilities; cellular telephone, PCS and SMR issues; propagation studies at various frequencies, including those listed above; analysis of intermodulation issues; and analysis of radiofrequency radiation considerations for wireless providers. Project Consultant: Lawrence V. Behr, CEO Mr. Behr established Lawrence Behr Associates, Inc., in 1963 and since that time has provided services in the areas of radio frequency engineering, interference analysis, broadcast system design, radio frequency propagation, field intensity measurement and analysis. He has served as an expert witness in matters related to radio frequency systems in zoning hearings, the courts, and the Federal Communications Commissions (FCC). His expertise in radio frequency fields extends through the microwave area, and has resulted in patents on antenna radiating systems. Mr. Behr is a Certified Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) Engineer and is FCC licensed.

42 Appendices Supplemental Information This section contains several charts, graphs, and illustrations pertaining to the information presented within this report. The Appendix contains the following: Appendix Vertical Polar Pattern of the Andrew SBNH-1D6565B Antenna Appendix Relative Power of Typical RF Transmission Systems in the Area Appendix Maximum Permissible Exposure (MPE) FCC OET Bulletin No. 65 Appendix Predicted Power Density from the Proposed GSM Installation Appendix Predicted Power Density from the Proposed UMTS Installation Appendix Predicted Power Density from the Proposed LTE Installation Appendix Predicted Power Density from the Proposed 2100 MHz Installation Appendix Graph of Predicted Power Density from the Proposed GSM Installation Appendix Graph of Predicted Power Density from the Proposed UMTS Installation Appendix Graph of Predicted Power Density from the Proposed LTE Installation Appendix Graph of Predicted Power Density from the Proposed 2100 MHz Installation Appendix Predicted Power Density from the Proposed IL-1076 Antennas Relative to the Existing Broadcast Licensees

43 Appendix Area Around the Proposed IL-1076 Antennas Where the FCC Uncontrolled MPE Standard Will Be Exceeded Appendix AM Broadcast Stations Within 20 Miles of the IL-1076 Site Appendix FM Broadcast Stations Within 20 Miles of the IL-1076 Site Appendix Television Broadcast Stations Within 20 Miles of the IL-1076 Site Appendix Contribution of to RF Environment at the Proposed IL-1076 Site Notes Regarding Cellular-Type System Operations Glossary of Terms Page 2

44 Appendix Vertical Polar Pattern of the SBNH- 1D6565BAntenna Vertical Pattern Andrew SBNH-1D6565B

45 Appendix Relative Power oftypical RF Transmission Systems in thearea Typical ERP Power (kw) UHF TV FM RADIO AM RADIO WIRELESS TransmissionSystemType