Polarization Tools Selection Guide Pages

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1 Tools Selection Guide Pages Measurement & Control Measurement and Control PAX5700 Series High-Precision and High-Power Range Polarimeter (Page 976) Available for the Wavelength Range of 400nm to 1700nm DPC5500 Series Deterministic Controller (Page 979) can be Deterministically Set Within 150µs (Typically) and Locked to a Specific State, Which is Independent of the Input IPM5300 In-Line Fiber Polarimeter (Page 980) Operating Wavelength Range of 1200nm to 1700nm Calibrated for the C and L Bands PL100 Series SOP Locker (Page 982) Allows State of (SOP) Adjustment Manually via the Front Panel Does Not Depend on the Input Manual Controllers (Page 983) These Devices Provide Manual Control for Fiber Based Experiment Polarimeter Selection Table CONTROLLER WAVELENGTH ANALYZER MANUAL AUTOMATIC TYPE MODEL APPLICATIONS nm Rotating PAX5710 Series Polarimetry, Retardance nm Wave Plate PAX5720 Series, ER nm on PMF, nm PMD, PDL nm In-Line IPM5300 Polarimetry, Module & Benchtop nm In-Line DPC5500 Polarimetry, SOP Control & Module & Benchtop Scrambling, nm In-Line PL100S/PL100P SOP Control and SOP Lockers Scrambling Fiber Dependent In-Line FPC Series SOP Control nm Retarder SBC Series Retardance Measurement, nm Soleil-Babinet Ellipsometry, Birefringence nm Compensator Compensation PMD5000 Series PMD PDL Measurement Systems These systems are preconfigured for most industry and research applications. User configurations for already installed fiber applications as well as PMD monitoring of busy fibers are available. See Pages Achromatic Wave Plates Zero-Order Wave Plates Multi-Order Wave Plates Telecom Wave Plates Fiber U-Bench Controller Soleil-Babinet Compensator Glan-Laser Calcite Polarizers Glan-Taylor Calcite Polarizers Polarizing Prism Mounts Depolarizers See Pages

2 Measurement & Control Selection Guide Pages PAX5700 Series Polarimeter Designed for Applications Ranging From Classic to Complex Tasks Like Evaluating Optical Components With the Jones or Mueller Matrix Algorithm Well Suited for Determining the Extinction Ratio (ER) of - Maintaining Fibers (PMF) and Alignment of PMF to Laser Modules See Pages DPC5500 Fast In-Line Deterministic Controller High Speed, Low Loss, and High Accuracy Versatile Control Solution for Many Applications, Ranging From R&D to Industrial See Page 979 IPM5300 Fast, In-Line Polarimeter In-Line Fiber Design has an Insertion Loss of Less Than 0.5dB, a Dynamic Range of -30 to +15dBm, and an Accuracy of ±0.25 on the Poincaré Sphere With a Sampling Rate of 1MHz See Pages PL100 State of (SOP) Locker Offers Determinitstic SOP Control With High-Speed, Low Loss, and High Accuracy Versatile Device for Many Applications Where a Stable Output is Required Independent of the Input or a Controlled Depolarization of Polarized Input See Page 982 Manual Controllers Fiber Loop-Based (Lefévre) Controllers Output Depends on the Input Convert Elliptically Polarized Light From Single Mode Fiber Into Linearly Polarized Light See Page 983 PMD5000 Series Measurement Systems Analyze Highly Accurate Related Effects in Fiber Optic Systems Based on Jones Matrix Powerful and Flexible Solution for all Kinds of Related See Pages

3 Tools PAX5700 Series Polarimeters Page 1 of 3 PAX5710VIS-T (Cables and Laptop Included) Applications Free-Space and In-Fiber Polarimetry ER on PMF DOP Polarimeter Unit for the PMD5000 System Basic Unit for Jones and Mueller Matrix Specifications 4 Input Power Range 3 : -60dBm to +10dBm Azimuth Angle Accuracy 1, 2 : 0.25 Ellipticity Angle Accuracy 1 : 0.25 Normalized Stokes Accuracy: S1, S2, S3 < Degree of Accuracy: ±0.5% Full Scale Wavelength Range: VIS: nm IR1: nm IR2: nm IR3: nm Maximum Measurement Rate: 333 Samples/s Fiber Input: FC/PC (Others Available Upon Request) Free-Space Input: Ø3mm, <3mrad Beam Divergence Analog Interface (Via Front Panel D-Sub): Outputs: S1, S2, S3, Power/dBm, and DOP (Complete Stokes Vector Plus DOP) Inputs: Trigger Digital Interface: Outputs: S1, S2, S3, Power, DOP, Azimuth, Ellipticity, Power Split Ratio, and Phase Difference Warm-Up Time for Rated Accuracy: <15min Operating Temperature: 5-40 C 1) Azimuth angle is defined as the inclination angle of the major axis of the polarization ellipse to the horizontal axis. The ellipticity angle is given as arctan(b/a) with b the length of the minor axis and a the length of the major axis of the polarization ellipse. 2) For any SOP with -30 < ellipticity < 30 3) Absolute power range depends on the current wavelength 4) All polarization specifications are valid for the power range from -40dbM to 0dBM Introduction - PAX5700 Polarimeter The PAX5700 Series polarimeter system is a flexible and powerful polarization analysis system based on our modular TXP5000 platform (see page 444). This polarimeter system is designed for different applications ranging from classic polarization measurements to complex tasks like evaluating optical components with the Jones or Mueller matrix algorithm. It is also well suited for determining the extinction ratio (ER) of polarizationmaintaining fibers (PMF) and for alignment of PMF to laser modules. Furthermore, a complete PMD and PDL analysis system can be built by combining the PAX5700 (our DPC5500 deterministic polarization controller) and our ECL5000D tunable laser source. The PAX5700 series is specifically engineered for accurate measurements of polarizationrelated effects for high dynamic power ranges in the 400 to 1700nm spectral range. It is available in two versions, one with an intergrated sensor (PAX5720 series) for fiber-based applications and the other as a module with an external sensor head (PAX5710 series) for free-space and fiber-based optical systems. Both versions are terminating; in other words, they do not have an output for the incident light. How it Works The optical unit of a PAX5700 measurement sensor consists of a rotating quarter-wave plate, a fixed polarizer, and a photodiode (see Figure 1). The wave plate transforms the input polarization depending on Figure 1 - Schematic of Rotating Waveplate Technique the actual rotating angle. Then, the polarizer only transmits the portion of light that has its polarization parallel to the transmission axis. As a result, the polarization modulation is converted into an amplitude modulation. The photodetector supplies a current that is proportional to the optical power. A Fourier transformation is used to accurately calculate both the state of polarization (SOP) as well as the degree of polarization (DOP). SOP and DOP The PAX5700 analyzes the state of polarization and the degree of polarization of optical signals in either free-space or in optical fibers. The resulting data can be viewed using the graphical user interface that is supplied with each PAX unit. The state of the input polarization is completely characterized by different representations. As can be seen in Figure 2, the polarization data is presented in a number of forms: on the Poincaré sphere, as Stokes parameters, or as a polarization ellipse with the handedness noted. The degree of polarization and the total optical power are also provided. Figure 2 - Polarimeter GUI 976

4 PAX5700 Series Polarimeters Page 2 of 3 Long-Term Another standard feature is the scope mode, which looks similar to an oscilloscope display. The polarization can be examined continuously over time or initiated with a software or hardware trigger signal. The number of data points to be acquired can be chosen by the user. Another feature is the pre-trigger function, which can be activated in each trigger mode. A user-configurable number of samples are stored in a ring buffer until the trigger pulse is given. All acquired data before and after the trigger pulse are displayed in a diagram. Therefore, a real-time monitoring of the system's polarization behavior can be realized with the PAX measurement system. The measured data can be stored in an ASCII format file (CSV). The data file contents can be viewed with any text editor and can be further processed using thirdparty software packages such as MathCAD, Mathematica, or Excel. Software Features The software for the PAX system includes drivers for LabVIEW, LabWindows /CVI, MSVC, and Borland C. These drivers enable you to write your own applications to adapt the polarimeter into a complete optical setup. Included in the software are features specifically geared for extinction ratio (ER) measurements (see below). System Configurations Due to its modular design and the various models available, the PAX system is an ideal tool for various types of polarization-related measurement tasks in R&D laboratories as well as for final inspection in manufacturing. The PAX5700 series can be used for free-space and fiber-based applications covering the 400 to 1700nm wavelength range. See the following page for ordering information. Tools The PAX5710 consists of a TXP compatible module and an external polarization measurement sensor. The PAN5710 external measurement sensor facilitates polarization analysis in free-space setups. It can be easily mounted to optical benches using the M4 or #8-32 mounting hole provided on the bottom surface of the head. It is also compatible with our extensive line of 30mm cage system components. The optical light field to be measured should enter the aperture of the sensor nearly perpendicular to the front panel. The beam diameter should be below 3mm to guarantee that all of the light reaches the detector. All sensors are supplied with a fiber collimator for FC/PC optical cables to allow polarization measurements on fiber-based systems, or you may choose to use the PAX5720, which is dedicated to fiber-based measurements. APPLICATION IDEA External PAX Sensor Heads Posts, Cage Components, & Optics Sold Separately Extinction Ratio Measurement on Maintaining Fibers Extinction ratio (ER) is a key qualifier of polarization-maintaining (PM) fibers and PM couplings. Using the standard features built into the PAX software, ER measurements can be made quickly and reliably in the 0 to 45dB range. The measured ER parameter refers to the PMF directly connected to the polarimeter input. The easiest measurement technique is to find the maximum expansion of the polarization ellipse compared to the ideal linear state. Since this expansion is dependent on the fiber stress, a lot of values have to be recorded while the fiber is stressed, pulled, or a wavelength scan is performed. This technique requires the highest accuracy in the measurement of the ellipticity angle. With a very high ER, the setup is prone to measurement inaccuracies. The PAX5700 uses an optimized algorithm to mitigate this issue. The data collected from fiber stressing is used to fit a circle on the Poincaré sphere. The radius of the circle, expressed in degrees, is representative of the maximum expansion of the polarization ellipse. Only the relative polarization measurement accuracy determines the ER measurement error, since the shift of the circle to any position on the Poincaré sphere is irrelevant as long as the size of the circle remains unchanged. Errors resulting from poorly or angle-polished fibers have no influence on the final value. Only the ER of the stressed fiber segment is measured. The ER measurement on PMF is integrated in the PAX5700 software, along with all polarimeter-related functions. 977

5 Tools PAX5700 Series Polarimeters (Selection & Pricing Guide ) PAX5710-T Series Benchtop Free-Space Polarimeters The PAX5710-T versions consist of a TXP5004 chassis with USB connection, a PAX5710 series module, and one external polarimeter sensor. A pre-configured notebook computer is also included, making this a complete free-space measurement system right out of the box. This package includes all of the necessary cables to connect to the sensor and computer. The wavelength range can be easily extended by purchasing new sensor heads or by adding additional module and sensor heads. Call our Technical Support for pricing information and availability. PAX5710VIS-T Cables, External Sensor Head, and Laptop Included (All Sensor Heads are Factory Calibrated) ITEM# $ RMB DESCRIPTION PAX5710VIS-T $ 7, , ,80 74, TXP Polarimeter w/ External Sensor ( nm ) PAX5710IR1-T $ 7, , ,80 74, TXP Polarimeter w/ External Sensor ( nm) PAX5710IR2-T $ 7, , ,80 74, TXP Polarimeter w/ External Sensor ( nm) PAX5710IR3-T $ 7, , ,80 74, TXP Polarimeter w/ External Sensor ( nm) PAX5720-T Series Benchtop Fiber Coupled Polarimeters The PAX5720-T versions consist of a TXP5004 chassis with USB connection and a PAX5720 series module (with internal sensor). A pre-configured notebook computer is also included making this a complete fiber based measurement system right out of the box! This package includes all of the necessary cables to connect to the computer. The wavelength range can be easily extended by adding additional PAX5720 cards. Call our Technical Support for pricing information and availability. PAX5720VIS-T Cables, Internal Sensor, and Laptop Included ITEM# $ RMB DESCRIPTION PAX5720VIS-T $ 7, , ,80 74, TXP Polarimeter w/ Internal Sensor ( nm) PAX5720IR1-T $ 7, , ,80 74, TXP Polarimeter w/ Internal Sensor ( nm) PAX5720IR2-T $ 7, , ,80 74, TXP Polarimeter w/ Internal Sensor ( nm) PAX5720IR3-T $ 7, , ,80 74, TXP Polarimeter w/ Internal Sensor ( nm ) Putting it All Together PMD5000 Series - Complete PMD Analysis System (Laptop Included) The PMD5000 Series combines the modularity of Thorlabs Measurement and Control System with a powerful tunable laser source to offer a powerful and flexible solution to measurement tasks. With their specialized software package, they form a versatile polarization mode dispersion (PMD) and a polarization dependent loss (PDL) measurement system. The PMD5000 series provides extensive measurement and analysis of PMD on both broadband and narrowband components, optical fibers, and installed optical systems. It is capable of determining PDL and polarization dependent gain (PDG). PMD measurements of complex optical networks can be performed as well as PMD monitoring of dark channels. This system consists of the tunable laser source ECL5000D, the deterministic polarization controller DPC5500, and either our IPM5300 or PAX5720IR3 polarimeters. See Pages

6 DPC5500 In-Line Deterministic Controller Introduction - DPC5500 The DPC5500, an in-line deterministic polarization controller for the TXP5000 systems, combines deterministic state of polarization control, high speed, low loss, and high accuracy in a unique all-fiber-based solution. It is a versatile polarization control solution that may be utilized in many applications, ranging from R&D to industrial applications. The polarization controller is available as a module (DPC5500) for the TXP mainframe (page 444) or as a complete benchtop unit including a preconfigured PC (DPC5500-T Series). The DPC5500 is based on our high-speed, lowloss IPM5300 polarimeter technology and a non-deterministic state of polarization (SOP) controller. A digital signal processor (DSP) produces a feedback signal from the polarimeter to drive the fiber squeezer-based state of polarization controller. The DPC5500 is ideal for applications that require precise deterministic control or locking of a SOP.Software modules for electronic SOP control, SOP tracing on the Poincaré sphere and SOP scrambling are available for specific application. How It Works Central to the DPC5500 is a DSP, which enables high-speed control and locking of the SOP. The DSP monitors the polarization feedback signal Highlights Deterministic Control and Locking Generates Precise SOP Sequence for Jones and Mueller Matrix Characterization Methods Accurate Component PDL/PMD Characterization External Trigger Allows Synchronized Measurement Monitoring the S Parameters by Analog Outputs High-Speed Feedback for Automatic Control from the polarimeter and drives the non-deterministic SOP controller, which is comprised of a multitude of piezoelectric based fiber squeezers. A simple yet robust calibration algorithm accounts for the inherent nonlinearities in the piezoelectric elements and allows for accurate and stable deterministic SOP control. This facilitates SOP control at a user-defined location in the optical system such that the SOP can be varied to accurately and precisely follow a prescribed path on the Poincaré sphere (see Figure 1). Comparison to Existing Systems The DPC5500 eliminates the inadequacies of most commercially available SOP controllers whose output SOP depends on the input SOP. Any input SOP change will implicitly lead to a corresponding output SOP rotation. In addition, most commercial high-speed SOP controllers are trial and error controllers and suffer from drift and hysteresis effects. They are non-deterministic and are dependent on environmental and prior conditions. This all-fiber technology provides deterministic control with very low insertion loss. The desired SOP may either be defined via its azimuth/ellipticity parameters or its corresponding Stokes values, which are graphically defined by a point on the Poincaré sphere or electronically defined by supplying a feedback signal from a control loop. Specifications SOP Adjusting: 150µs (Typical) Wavelength Range: nm (Calibrated) nm (Upon Request) Measurement Rate: 1MSamples/s - 3Samples/s SOP Accuracy: ±0.25 on Poincaré Sphere DOP Accuracy: ±0.25% Insertion Loss: < 0.6dB (Excuding Connectors), < 1.1dB (Including Connectors) PDL: <0.05dB Tools DPC5500 Controller Module DPC5500-T Benchtop Controller (Includes Pre-Configured PC) Dynamic Range: 35dB (-20dBm to +15dBm) Operating Modes: DPC, IPM Single-Mode, IPM Array Mode Analog Interface: Outputs: S1, S2, S3, Power/dBm, DOP Input: Trigger Digital Interface: Outputs: S1, S2, S3, Power/dBm, DOP, Azimuth, and Ellipticity Width: 2 TXP Slots Operating Temperature: 5-40 C The DPC5500 requires a TXP5000 series mainframe for operation. See page 444 for details. Figure 1 The degree to which we can deterministically control the state of polarization within an optical system is shown SOP Scrambler The systems also includes a SOP Scrambler, which can be used to depolarize a source to minimize PDG in fiber networks, to eliminate polarization dependencies of fiber optic sensors, or to perform PDL measurements. The SOP Scrambler provides six modes of operation: Random Distribution of Successive SOPs Random SOP Trace Predefined SOP Trace Please Call or Visit Our Website for Delivery Information ITEM# $ RMB DESCRIPTION DPC5500 $ 10, , ,20 96, In-Line Deterministic Controller Card DPC5500-T $ 11, , ,10 108, Benchtop In-Line Deterministic Polarimeter, PC Included 979

7 Tools IPM5300 In-Line Polarimeter Page 1 of 2 Introduction - IPM5300 Fast In-Line Polarimeter The IPM5300 fiber optic polarimeter module enables high-speed measurements of the state of polarization (SOP). The in-line fiber design has an insertion loss of less than 0.6dB, a dynamic range of 45dBm, and an accuracy of ±0.25 on the Poincaré sphere with a sampling rate of 1MHz. The IPM5300 series is available as a module for the TXP mainframe (page 444) or as a complete benchtop unit including preconfigured PC (IPM5300-T series). This all fiber polarimeter is based on patented FBG technology. It provides a novel combination of in-line polarimetric measurement, low insertion loss, high speed, and accuracy that enables unprecedented measurement control of the SOP in fiber optic applications. Figure 1 This figure shows the optical schematic of the IPM5300 polarimeter. How it Works The IPM5300 polarimeter is designed as an in-line polarimeter that utilizes a series of custom fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs). Figure 1 shows the optical schematic of the polarimeter module. The device uses two pairs of FBGs, whose reflectivity is polarization dependent to direct very small percentages of the transmitted optical power to four detectors. A λ/4 fiber wave plate is positioned between the two pairs of FBGs to produce the two additional elliptical states of polarization that are required for a full analysis of an arbitrary state of polarization. The IPM5300 overcomes the limitations of other fiber-based in-line polarimeter designs by eliminating the need to use tap couplers, which exhibit temperature and wavelength sensitivity. The FBG approach offers superior performance; it provides an extremely broad wavelength range ( nm) as well as highly accurate SOP and DOP measurements. Polarimeter Functionality All four Stokes values, which fully characterize a SOP, are provided either as analog output voltages or as digital values via either an Ethernet connection (TXP5016 chassis), or a USB port (TXP5004 chassis). The SOP measurement can be controlled via an external trigger function, thus allowing the synchronization of the IPM5300 with other devices. The 1MHz update rate applies to the fully characterized SOP measurement. With its broad wavelength range, low loss, high speed, and accuracy, there are no other commercially available polarimeters with these combined features. Our polarization control capabilities are presented on the following page. IPM5300 Polarimeter Module IPM5300-T Benchtop In-Line Polarimeter (PC Included) No Moving Parts! Applications High-Speed Measurement State of at 1 Million Samples per Seconds High-Speed DOP for Active Modal Dispersion Compensation High-Speed Feedback for Automatic Control Specifications Measurement Rate: 1MSamples/s - 3 Samples/s (1 Million Complete SOP per Second) SOP Accuracy: ±0.25 on Poincaré Sphere DOP Accuracy: ±0.25% PDR: ±0.005dB Insertion Loss: <0.6dB (Excluding Connectors); <1.1dB (Including Connectors) PDL: <0.05dB Dynamic Range: 45dBm (-30dBm to +15dBm) Wavelength Range: nm Calibrated / nm (Available Upon Request) Electrical Bandwidth: >0.7MHz Electrical Bandwidth Uniformity: dbw 50MHz Analog Interface (Via Front Panel D-Sub): Outputs: S1, S2, S3, Power/(dBm), and DOP; (Complete Stokes Vector Plus DOP) Input: Trigger Digital Interface: Outputs: S1, S2, S3, Power/dBm, DOP, Azimuth, and Ellipticity Width: Occupies 2 TXP Slots Warm-Up Time for Rated Accuracy: 10min (No Moving Parts, Designed for 24/7 Operation) Operating Temperature Range: 5-40 C The In-Line Polarimeter is available as a benchtop version (IPM5300-T) with a preconfigured PC included. TXP5004 With Additional Modules (Modules Sold Separately) Our TXP measurement platform offers a number of plug-in modules to satisfy the most demanding test and measurement applications. See page 444 for details on the TXP platform. 980

8 IPM5300 In-Line Polarimeter Page 2 of 2 An example of the measurement capability of the IPM5300 polarimeter is demonstrated in the data shown to the right. The experimental setup is depicted in Figure 3. A fiber-pigtailed laser was used as the input to the polarization controller. The signal from the controller was input to the IPM5300 which was installed in a TXP chassis and controlled via a local computer. The acquired data included the state of polarization (SOP), the change in the SOP, the power, and the degree of polarization (DOP). This data is shown in Figures 2 and 3. The piezoelectric-based polarization controller was controlled with a square wave signal at 2kHz to cause quick changes in the state of polarization into the polarimeter. The induced polarization change was 82 on the Poincaré sphere. Figure 1a shows the measured Stokes vector elements (S1, S2, and S3), while Figure 1b shows the angular deviation in the state of polarization on the Poincaré sphere. Figure 2 shows the total measured power and the DOP versus time. One aspect of the data that is clearly evident in Figure 1 is the ripple. The polarimeter, with a data acqisition rate of 10 6 samples per second, accurately measures the SOP as the controller changes polarization (Figure 1a). The ripple in the data has a period of 20µsec (50kHz), which is easily resolved by the polarimeter. This ripple displays true variation in the SOP caused by variations in the mechanical stress on the fiber due to a 50kHz mechanical resonance in the piezo controller. Despite the resonance, the measured optical power and the DOP was constant as the polarization was changed. The deviations in the data are at the measurement uncertainties of the polarimeter, <0.02dB and <0.1%, respectively. This example shows the precision and accuracy of the IPM5300 series even on fast changing states of polarization. Laser Piezoelectric Controller S1=red, S2=green, S3=blue (a) Figure 1 This data was taken using a standard piezoelectric polarization controller to change the input SOP to the IPM5300 from one state to another. The ripple in the data is due to mechanical resonance in the piezo elements. a) Shows measured S1, S2, and S3 versus time as the input SOP is changed from one state to another. b) Shows the deviation in the SOP versus time as the polarization is changed from one state to another. This shows ~82 deviation on the Poincaré sphere. (a) DOP Variation During the SOP Step Change Time (ms) Figure 2 This data was taken at the same time as the data in Figure1. a) Shows measured optical power (dbm) versus time as the input SOP is changed from one state to another via a standard piezoelectric polarization controller. b) Shows the DOP versus time as the polarization is changed from one state to another. This shows ~82 deviation on the Poincaré sphere. (b) Tools (b) DOP Variation During the SOP Step Change Time (ms) TXP5016 Chassis & IPM5300 Polarimeter Figure 3 Experimental setup to measure polarimetric effects due to mechanical resonance in a piezoelectric-based polarization controller. High-Speed In-Line Polarimeter Module and Chassis ITEM# $ RMB DESCRIPTION IPM5300 $ 8, , ,80 83, In-Line Polarimeter Card IPM5300-T $ 9, , ,70 95, Benchtop In-Line Polarimeter, Including Preconfigured PC 981

9 Tools State of Locker PL100 SERIES In-Line Deterministic SOP Locker Introduction The PL100 Series SOP Locker is an in-line, deterministic polarization controller. This benchtop device is based on the IPM and DPC technology and offers deterministic state of polarization control, high speed, low loss, and high accuracy. It is a versatile polarization control solution that may be utilized in many applications where a stable output polarization is required independent from the input polarization. The SOP Locker is an alternative solution for Lefèvre loops (paddles). In contrast to the existing polarization controllers, which determine only the polarization transformation, the SOP Locker controls and locks the output polarization. How It Works Similar to the DPC5500, the SOP Locker consists of a deterministic SOP controller, which is comprised of a multitude of piezoelectric-based fiber squeezers, a fast in-line polarimeter (which measures the actual polarization), and a digital signal processor, which realizes the feedback loop and enables high speed control and locking of the SOP. The user can easily calibrate this device with the built-in calibration routine. Benefits This benchtop instrument comes in two models. The PL100P has a polarization maintaining fiber (PMF) output. The PL100P transforms the input polarization into a linear polarization that is then coupled into the slow axis of the PMF. The orthogonal state (coupling into the fast axis) can be easily accessed at the push of a button located on the front panel. The PL100S is equipped with a standard single mode fiber (SMF) output. The PL100S can be used as a replacement for the looped fiber (paddle) controllers. Specifications Wavelength Range: nm SOP Accuracy: ±0.25 on Poincaré Sphere DOP Accuracy: ±0.25% Insertion Loss: <1.1dB PDL: <0.05dB Dynamic Range: 35dBm (-20dBm to +15dBm) Operating Temperature: 5-40 C Applications Deterministic Control and Locking Replacement for the Looped Fiber (Paddle) Controllers SOP Scrambler (PL100S) Coupling Into PM Fiber (PL100P) A set of buttons on the front panel allows the control of the polarization. Each point on the Poincaré sphere can be set in a grid of 1 degree. Furthermore, there is a scrambling mode integrated in this model. Both SOP Lockers have the capability to release the locking state. In this state, the output polarization is dependent on the input SOP. A special precision mode maintains the accuracy for low power signals. The SOP Locker has to be calibrated for the actual optical system. The calibration routine can be started via a button located on the front panel. The only requirement is to connect the light source to the input. The SOP Locker can also be controlled via USB. Drivers for LabVIEW, LabWindows /CVI, MSVC, and Borland C are included. ITEM# $ RMB DESCRIPTION PL100S $ 9, , ,00 91, SOP Locker for SMF FC/APC Connectors* PL100P $ 9, , ,00 85, SOP Locker for PMF FC/APC Connectors* *Other connectors available upon request. Putting It All ECL5000DT Tunable lasers for basic research, industrial R&D, and high precision manufacturing. See Page Together 982

10 Extinction Ratio Meter The ERM100 is an Extinction Ratio Meter based on the rotating polarizer technique. This benchtop device offers a fast and simple way to measure the ER of PM fibers. It is an easy-to-use device that may be utilized in many applications where the alignment of polarization maintaining fibers is required. How it works The ERM100 Extinction Ratio Meter contains a rotating polarizer followed by a detector, which generates a photocurrent. In general, this photocurrent will be a sinusoidal function in time with a DC offset. By simultaneously analyzing the DC offset and the depth of modulation, the meter is able to determine the degree to which the light field is linearly polarized, thereby yielding the extinction ratio (ER). PM Alignment Application The ERM100 Extinction Ratio Meter can be used to align the axis of a PM fiber with the polarization axis of the linearly polarized incident light. This process is not trivial because the PM fiber exhibits stress induced birefringence that affects the ellipticity of the polarization state outputted from the fiber. As a result, proper alignment of the fiber axis requires that a time varying stress be applied to the PM fiber while maximizing the extinction ratio of the transmitted light. As the alignment between the fiber axis and the polarization axis of the incident light field is improved, the effect of the time varying stress will be reduced, thereby stabilizing the ER. At this point, the axis of the PM fiber will be optimally aligned with the polarization axis of the linearly polarized incident light. ERM100 Benefits This benchtop instrument is an easy to use measurement device for any kind of PM fiber alignment application. A set of buttons and the LC display on the front panel allow a quick adjustment and measurement procedure. Any PM alignment task can be performed efficiently. The ERM100 is factory calibrated and provides the ER, the misalignment angle, and the power. It can also be controlled via USB. Drivers for LabVIEW, LabWindows /CVI, MSVC, and Borland C are included. Tools New for 2007! Applications Extinction Ratio (ER) of Maintaining (PM) Fibers Alignment of PM Fiber to Connector Key Alignment of PM Fiber to Laser Source Specifications Wavelength Range: nm Max. ER1: >40dB ER Accuracy 1 : 0.5dB ER Resolution: 0.1dB Angle Accuracy 1 : 0.5 Angle Resolution: 0.1 Dynamic Range 2 : 50dB (-40 to +10dBm) Operating Temperature: 5 to 40 C Line Voltage: 100V, 115V, 230V +15% / -10% 1) For input power > -30dBm 2) Dynamic Range depends on specific wavelength ITEM# $ RMB DESCRIPTION ERM100 $ 2, , ,00 23, Extinction Ratio Meter ( V) Fiber Controller FPC560 For Bend Sensitive Fibers D5 Fiber is Compatible with SMF-28 FPC030 If your application includes single mode fiber and requires linearly polarized light, the FPC Series Controllers can be easily implemented to convert elliptically polarized light in a single mode fiber into another state of polarization, including linearly polarized light. This polarization conversion is acheived by loading the three paddles with a prescribed number of fiber loops and adjusting their positions to control the output polarization state. These polarization controllers utilize stress-induced birefringence to create three independent fractional wave plates to alter the polarization of the transmitted light in the single mode fiber by looping the fiber into three independent spools. The amount of birefringence induced in the fiber is a function of the fiber cladding diameter, the spool diameter (fixed), the number of fiber loops per spool, and the wavelength of the light. The fast axis of the fiber, which is in the plane of the spool, is adjusted with respect to the transmitted polarization vector by manually rotating the paddles. Items FPC031, FPC032, FPC561, and FPC562 are fiber polarization controllers that come preloaded with fiber. See the table for fiber and connectorization details. NOTE: The FPC030 works well with all of our single mode fibers. For fibers with higher bend loss (e.g. Corning s SMF-28e), use model FPC560. OPERATING ITEM# $ RMB FIBER WAVELENGTH CONNECTORS BEND LOSS FPC030 $ ,20 1, None N/A N/A N/A FPC031 $ ,90 2, D nm FC/PC 0.1dB FPC032 $ ,00 2, D nm FC/APC 0.1dB FPC560 $ ,50 1, None N/A N/A N/A FPC561 $ ,20 2, SMF-28e* nm FC/PC 0.1dB FPC562 $ ,30 2, SMF-28e* nm FC/APC 0.1dB *D5 is a Lucent fiber that has a low bend loss. 983

11 Tools PMD / PDL Measurement Systems (Page 1 of 4) PMD5000 SERIES Complete Analyzation System, Laptop Included Introduction - PMD5000 The PMD5000 Series is a high-performance Mode Dispersion (PMD) testing system based on the Jones Matrix Eigen Analysis. The modular design offers a unique flexibility and adaptivity, making this system ideal for all kinds of polarization related measurements. It is especially useful for PMD analysis on broadband and narrowband components, optical fibers, and installed optical network; these systems are capable of determining Dependent Loss (PDL) and Dependent Gain (PDG). Efficient PMD measurements of complex optical networks as well as PMD monitoring of dark channels are other applications that benefit from the ability to control a single transmitter unit and multiple receiver units at different locations via one remote computer. A preconfigured laptop is included with the system. The software includes all features to analyze the PMD and PDL of fiber and optical components. It is intuitive and allows extensive analysis of the measured data set. The transmitter module of the PMD5000 Series consists of a tunable laser source and a polarization controller. For the analyzer, different high performance polarimeter modules are available, which allow the system to be optimized for a particular application. If the system is being used with a split transmitter analyzer configuration, the unit can be controlled remotely via TCP/IP, Ethernet, or WLAN. The system is based on the TXP architecture and offers full compatibility. See page 444 for an overview of the different configuration options. For more detailed information, please contact our tech support team. Modularity The PMD5000 measurement system includes the TXP5016 mainframe (See page 444) and is controlled by an external computer via Ethernet or TCP/IP. The TXP architechture allows a separation of the transmitter and receiver units into two mainframes. The mainframes and control PC can be connected to the Local Area Network (LAN) and are not necessarily tied to a single location. The transmitter unit consists of the ECL5000D Series Tunable Laser and the DPC5500 Series Deterministic Controller, which adjusts the necessary states of polarization. These modules are key components for the Jones Matrix Eigenanalysis (JME). (Refer to the PMD application note on page 986 for more information). For the analyzer unit, either the IPM5300 Series High Speed In-Line Polarimeter or the PAX5720 Series High Dynamic Range Polarimeter may be selected, depending on the application requirements. The fast IPM5300 is especially suited for PMD measurements on fibers with rapid changes in environmental conditions, which can affect the PMD, and therefore, faster measurement speeds (PMD5000FIN Series) are required. The high dynamic power range of the PAX5720 Series is required for Differential Group Delay (DGD) measurements of components with bandpass characteristics. For More Details on our Line of Polarimeter Tools, See Page

12 PMD / PDL Measurement Systems (Page 2 of 4) PMD5000FIN Jones Matrix PMD Measurement Method Ideal for PMD & PDL on Optical Fiber Includes a Deterministic Controller DPC5500 & Fast In-Line Polarimeter IPM5300 Integrated Tunable Laser Source ECL5000D (PMD5000FIN-1) DGD Meter With a Range of 0.001ps to 400ps Repeatability: 1 <0.01ps Maximum Insertion Loss of DUT: 2 30dB Typical Measurement Time for 1 (100) Data Point(s); 0.5s (50s) 1) For PMD <0.3ps 2) At Input Power 1mW PMD5000HDR Jones Matrix PMD Measurement Method Ideal for PMD & PDL on Narrow Bandwidth Components Includes a Deterministic Controller DPC5500 & High Dynamic Range Polarimeter PAX5720IR3 Integrated Tunable Laser Source ECL5000D (PMD5000HDR-1) DGD Meter Range of 0.001ps to 400ps Repeatability: 1 <0.01ps Maximum Insertion Loss of DUT: 2 60dB Typical Measurement Time: 1 Data Point in 0.5s 100 Data Points in 50s 1) For PMD <0.3ps 2) At Input Power 1mW Tools General PMD The PMD5000FIN is recommended for general polarization mode dispersion measurements. PMD and PDL analysis of fibers and broadband components can be performed with this model, including the PMD measurement of passive components (couplers, isolators) and active components (EDFAs and PDFAs). PMD on Narrow Bandwidth Components Narrow bandwidth components (e.g. optical filters, Bragg gratings, and OADM) are considerably more challenging to characterize. In narrowband component manufacturing, it is important to assess the PDL in the wings of the pass-band (typically around 20dB) to determine if the component meets the isolation requirement for adjacent channels. The PMD5000HDR facilitates this assessment and thereby increases production yield. The main advantage of this system is the high dynamic power range of the polarimeter, which allows an optimal characterization of the edges of a narrow bandwidth element. SYSTEM CONFIGURATIONS - SEE PAGE 987 Thorlabs is recognized throughout the photonics community for providing novel polarization measurement and control solutions. As can be seen from our selection of related products, our team of polarization experts has tackled many measurement and control problems in this specialized field. The selection guide shown on page 987 describes the various systems offered for a broad array of PMD & PDL measurements. System Capabilities PMD Measurement PMD Based on the Jones Matrix Eigenanalysis PMD Monitoring of Dark Channels of an Optical Network PMD Measurement of Installed Fibers According to the Jones-Matrix Method PMD Measurement in Accordance With ITU-T G.650 DGD Measurement Range to 400ps With 0.01ps Reproducibility High Resolution PMD Measurement of Narrowband Components Mean and RMS Values of PMD, Plus 2nd Order PMD Long Term PMD Measurement Measures the Principal States of as a Function of Wavelength Optional Use of 3rd Party Tunable Lasers Integrated Tunable Laser Source PDL Measurement PDL Based on Jones Matrix Eigenanalysis PDL Measurement in the Range of 0 to 50dB With < 0.02dB Reproducibility Measurement of the Wavelength and Time Dependency of the PMD and PDL Changes Analysis Dynamic in Real Time Fiber or Free-Space Input (Depending on Polarimeter Module) Long Term Observation of Effects Polarimeter With Azimuth & Ellipticity Angle Accuracy <0.25º Large Dynamic Range: -60dBm to +10dBm (PAX5720IR3) Fast Measurement Speed: 1Msample/s (IPM5300) Range: PAX5720IR3: 1350 to 1700nm IPM5300: 1510 to 1640nm Control Deterministic Control and Locking Accurate and Precise SOP Tracing SOP Scrambling Wavelength Range: 1510 to 1640nm Dynamic Range: 35dB (-20dBm to +15dBm) Fast SOP Adjustments: <150µs Typical ER Measurement on PMF (only with PAX5710IR3) Extinction Ratio Measurement of PM Fiber Measurement Range 0 to 50dB 985

13 986 Tools PMD / PDL Measurement Systems (Page 3 of 4) Application Note: PMD Measurement Mode Dispersion Mode Dispersion (PMD) originates from the polarization dependency of an optical signal's propagation speed, which results in a delay in the arrival time of a bit stream for orthogonally launched polarization states and may lead to bit errors. For a given wavelength, the maximum delay between all pairs of orthogonal polarization states at a given time is called the Differential Group Delay, DGD (see Figure 1). DGD is measured in picoseconds (ps). The polarization states associated with the fastest and slowest speeds are called Principal States of (PSP). In general, the PSPs are not associated with Figure 1 - Differential Group Delay the fast and slow axes (the Eigen-s) of a birefringent component. DGD is the primary measurement parameter for all PMD meters. The measurement of the DGD involves the determination of a phase change (arrival time difference) for a given frequency (wavelength) change. For a Jones Matrix Eigenanalysis, the polarimetric transfer function (the Jones Matrix) must be determined at two different wavelengths. The changes in the phases of the two Jones matrices divided by the wavelength difference (step size) yields the DGD value. The PMD5000 is ideally suited for characterizing DGD / PMD devices with random mode coupling, such as optical fibers, by using the Jones Matrix Eigenanalysis (JME) method. The JME method is the only technique providing wavelength dependent information about the DGD and the PSP. It is also the only method that shows agreement between the measured DGD histogram and the theoretical Maxwell distribution. Jones Matrix Eigenanalysis The Jones Matrix Eigenanalysis (JME) provides the most comprehensive information about fiber links and active components. Besides the DGD over wavelength and the PMD value, the JME also returns the second order PMD as well as PDL and measures insertion loss vs. wavelength. In general, monochromatic light with different input polarizations is fed into the optical device, and the polarizations responses are measured. A convenient way to measure the Jones Matrix was presented by B.L. Heffner. 1) Linearly polarized light enters the optical element parallel to the x-axis, parallel to the y-axis, and parallel to the bisector of the angle between the positive x- and y-axes. The three linear input states and the three corresponding polarization output states are used to calculate the 2x2 complex Jones matrix. In a pure mathematical sense, only two pairs of input and output states are needed to calculate a 2x2 matrix; however, since optical elements feature Eigenpolarization states for which the input polarization is not transformed (i.e. the output polarization is equal to the input polarization), Large Number of Elementary cells and variable Orientation between PSP1 a third unique input polarization is needed. Polarizaion Direction of PSP1 of each cell and DUT PMD in Optical Fiber Fibers may be modeled as a collection of many infinitesimally small fiber sections, each of which have a different birefringence and Eigenpolarization axes (see Figure 2). Thermal and Figure 2 - Model of a Long Fiber mechanical stresses will change the polarization properties of these sections. The large number of sections, the randomness in the transformation properties, and environmental sensitivities require a statistical analysis to account for the DGD behavior fully. In a long length of fiber, the DGD (either as a function of time at fixed wavelength or as a function of wavelength at a fixed time) has a Maxwell distribution. The average of the DGD distribution is defined by the ITU standard bodies as the PMD value. Therefore, PMD is independent of the time and wavelength range. PMD in Fiber Components Fiber optic components differ from long lengths of fiber in their thermal and mechanical sensitivity of DGD / PMD. The fixed optical elements integrated in the components are significantly less sensitive to environmental conditions. Fiber optic components have DGD values that are nearly fixed with respect to wavelength. A DGD measurement instrument would therefore produce a normal (Gaussian) distribution. Depending on the test instrument, the width of the distribution is determined by the instrument's performance and not the intrinsic randomness of the polarization modes throughout the component. As in the fiber PMD, the average value of the distribution is the PMD value that quantifies the amount of delay generated by the component. For some fiber optic components, DGD/PMD cannot be measured using the same procedure as those used for systems with random mode coupling. For example, DEMUX filters, with their narrow pass bands, do not allow relatively large frequency steps for high accuracy DGD measurements. Therefore, these filter components require special measurement attention. The PMD5000 Series Measurement System is designed for analyzing narrow bandwidth components and fiber networks [i.e. single components like Fiber Bragg Gratings (fbg) as well as single channels of a complex optical network with multiplexers and active components (like EDFAs)]. 1) Heffner, B.L., Deterministic, Analytically complete Measurement of Dependent Transmission Through Optical Devices, IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, Vol. 4, no. 5, May 1992.

14 PMD / PDL Measurement Systems (Page 4 of 4) Selection Guide APPLICATION PMD & PDL of Fibers HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS Preconfigured System: PMD5000FIN-1 Mainframe: TXP5016 Laser Source: ECL5000D SOP Controller: DPC5500 Polarimeter: IPM5300 (Fully Configured Laptop Included) Tools APPLICATION PMD & PDL of Narrow Bandwidth Devices HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS Preconfigured System: PMD5000HDR-1 Mainframe: TXP5016 Laser Source: ECL5000D SOP Controller: DPC5500 Polarimeter: PAX5720IR3 (Fully Configured Laptop Included) APPLICATION PMD & PDL With external Laser Sources* *Optional Use of 3rd Party Tunable Lasers. APPLICATION PMD & PDL on Installed Fibers With Split Transmitter & Receiver HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS Preconfigured System: PMD5000FIN-2 (Fiber ) PMD5000HDR-2 (Component ) Mainframe: TXP5016 SOP Controller: DPC5500 Polarimeter: IPM5300 (PMD5000FIN-2) PAX5720IR3 (PMD5000HDR-2) (Fully Configured Laptop Included) HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS Non-Standard System: Mainframes: TXP5016 Laser Source: ECL5000D SOP Controller: DPC5500 Polarimeter: IPM5300 (Fully Configured Laptop Included) APPLICATION PMD & PDL on Optical Networks With a Single Transmitter & Several Receivers HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS Non-Standard System: Mainframes: TXP5016 Laser Source: ECL5000D SOP Controller: DPC5500 Polarimeter: IPM5300 (Fully Configured Laptop Included) APPLICATION PMD & PDL Monitoring on a Live Fiber With Traffic HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS Non-Standard System: Mainframes: TXP5016 Laser Source: ECL5000D SOP Controller: DPC5500 Polarimeter: IPM5300 (Fully Configured Laptop Included) ITEM# $ RMB DESCRIPTION PMD5000FIN-1 $ 59, , ,20 569, Analyzer With Internal Tunable Laser and IPM5300 Polarimeter PMD5000FIN-2 $ 34, , ,80 327, Analyzer for External Tunable Laser and IPM5300 Polarimeter PMD5000HDR-1 $ 56, , ,20 535, Analyzer With Internal Tunable Laser and PAX5720IR3 PMD5000HDR-2 $ 30, , ,80 292, Analyzer for External Tunable Laser and PAX5720IR3 If you need a customized PMD measurement system, our engineers are available to discuss your application; please us at Europe@thorlabs.com 987

15 Achromatic Wave Plates A zero-order achromatic wave plate can be built by aligning the fast axis of a multi-order crystalline quartz wave plate with the slow axis of a magnesium fluoride wave plate where the optical path length difference between the two wave plates is either λ/4 or λ/2. The use of crystalline quartz and magnesium fluoride allows the dispersive effects to be minimized so that a nominally flat spectral response is achieved over the operating range of the achromatic wave plate. The achromatic wave plates are constructed by sandwiching an etched stainless steel spacing ring between the two multi-order wave plates and epoxying the entire assembly into an anodized aluminum housing. The epoxy is only applied outside of the clear aperture in order to prevent the damage threshold from decreasing. The wave plate housing is engraved with a line indicating the orientation of the fast axis of the wave plate as well as engraving that identifies the spectral operating range of the wave plate and whether it is a λ/4 or λ/2 wave plate. Spectrally Flat Retardance High Energy Air-Spaced Design Higher Damage Threshold Than Polymer Film Achromatic Wave Plates Quarter- and Half-Wave Available Improved IR Performance OEM Pricing Available AQWP05M-630 Thorlabs provides quality OEM components at volume discounted prices. Please optics@thorlabs.com to request a quote specific to your needs. Specifications Substrate Material: Crystalline Quartz & Magnesium Fluoride Diameter: 12.7mm ±0.1mm Unmounted 25.4mm Mounted Retardance Accuracy (typ): <λ/150 RMS Over Spectral Range Beam Deviation: <10arcsec Transmitted Wavefront Error: <λ/4 Clear Aperture: Ø0.38" (Ø9.6mm) Surface Quality: Scratch-Dig Reflectance: <0.5% Per Surface Damage Limit: 2J/cm 10ns 1.064µm RELATED PRODUCT GLAN-LASER Prism Polarizers 10mm x 10mm Aperture See Page 816 Achromatic Wave Plate Performance Retardance (Waves) Mounted Achromatic Wave Plates ACHROMATIC ACHROMATIC Quarter-Wave Plate Half-Wave Plate $ RMB DESCRIPTION AQWP05M-630 AHWP05M-630 $ ,40 7, nm AQWP05M-950 AHWP05M-950 $ ,40 7, nm AQWP05M-1430 AHWP05M-1430 $ ,40 7, nm 988

16 Zero-Order Wave Plates Thorlabs' Zero-Order Wave Plates are built by combining two multi-order quartz wave plates with an optical path length difference of λ/4 or λ/2. By aligning the fast axis of one plate with the slow axis of the other, the net result is a compound retarder whose exact retardance is the difference between each plate's individual retardence. Compound zero-order wave plates offer a substantially lower dependence on temperature and wavelength than multi-order wave plates. These zero-order wave plates are constructed by sandwiching an etched stainless steel spacing ring between the two multi-order wave plates and epoxying the entire assembly into an anodized aluminum housing. The epoxy is only applied outside of the clear aperture in order to prevent the damage threshold from decreasing. The wave plate housing is engraved with a line indicating the orientation of the fast axis of the wave plate, as well as with text stating whether it is a λ/4 or λ/2 wave plate and the wavelength for which the wave plate was designed. The typical thickness of a zero-order wave plate is around 2mm but can vary from part to part. WPQ05M-546 WPQ05M " (6mm) Specifications Material: Crystal Quartz Diameter: 12.7mm ±0.1mm Unmounted 25.4mm Mounted Retardance Accuracy: λ/300 Beam Deviation (Max): 10arcsec Wavefront Distortion: λ/10 Surface Quality: Scratch-Dig Damage Threshold: 2MW/cm 2 CW, 2J/cm 2 10ns Pulse AR Coated: <0.25% Reflectivity See price box for coating wavelengths. Unmounted OEM Wave Plates Available -Wave -Wave Mounted Zero-Order WavePlates QUARTER-WAVE PLATE HALF-WAVE PLATE ITEM# ITEM# $ RMB COATING WPQ05M-266 WPH05M-266 $ ,50 3, AR Coated 266nm WPQ05M-308 WPH05M-308 $ ,50 3, AR Coated 308nm WPQ05M-355 WPH05M-355 $ ,50 3, AR Coated 355nm WPQ05M-488 WPH05M-488 $ ,50 3, AR Coated 488nm WPQ05M-514 WPH05M-514 $ ,50 3, AR Coated 514nm WPQ05M-532 WPH05M-532 $ ,50 3, AR Coated 532nm WPQ05M-546 WPH05M-546 $ ,50 3, AR Coated 546nm WPQ05M-633 WPH05M-633 $ ,50 3, AR Coated 633nm WPQ05M-670 WPH05M-670 $ ,50 3, AR Coated 670nm WPQ05M-780 WPH05M-780 $ ,50 3, AR Coated 780nm WPQ05M-808 WPH05M-808 $ ,50 3, AR Coated 808nm WPQ05M-830 WPH05M-830 $ ,50 3, AR Coated 830nm WPQ05M-980 WPH05M-980 $ ,50 3, AR Coated 980nm WPQ05M-1053 WPH05M-1053 $ ,50 3, AR Coated 1053nm WPQ05M-1064 WPH05M-1064 $ ,50 3, AR Coated 1064nm WPQ05M-1310 WPH05M-1310 $ ,50 3, AR Coated 1310nm WPQ05M-1550 WPH05M-1550 $ ,50 3, AR Coated 1550nm 989

17 Multi-Order Wave Plates WPMQ05M-780 WPMQ05M-633 Thorlabs' multi-order wave plates are made from high-quality, crystalline quartz and are available for specific retardances at a variety of popular wavelengths. The wave plate housing is engraved with a line indicating the orientation of the fast axis of the wave plate as well as text indicating whether it is a λ/4 or λ/2 wave plate and the wavelength for which the wave plate was designed. The term multi-order refers to the fact that the retardance of a light path will undergo a certain number of full wavelength shifts (i.e. orders m) in addition to the fractional design retardance. Compared to their zero-order counterparts, the retardance of multi-order wave plates is more sensitive to wavelength and temperature changes; however, they are less expensive and find use in many applications where the increased sensitivities are not an issue. Thorlabs offers a multi-order dual wave plate for the wavelength combination of 1064 and 532nm. By carefully choosing the order (m) of the multi-order wave plate, the retardance of a single piece of crystalline quartz will simultaneously be λ/4 for one of the wavelengths and λ/2 for the other wavelength in the combination. Specifications Material: Crystal Quartz Diameter: 12.7mm +0.00/-0.01 Unmounted 25.4mm Mounted Retardation: λ/200 Quarter-Wave Plates Quarter-wave plates add λ/4 of retardation, making them useful for converting linearly polarized light into circularly polarized light. Conversely, they will convert circularly polarized light back into linear. Combined with a linear polarizer, quarter-wave plates can be used as an isolator to reject back reflections. Half-Wave Plates Half-wave plates introduce a retardance of λ/2, which makes them useful for rotating the polarization state of an input. A linearly polarized input will produce a linear output rotated by 2θ (where θ is the angle between the input polarization and the wave plate fast axis). -Wave Plates Wavefront Distortion: λ/10 Surface Quality: 10-5 Scratch-Dig Damage Threshold: 2MW/cm 2 CW, 2J/cm 2 10ns Pulse AR Coated: <0.25% Reflectivity See price box for coating wavelengths. -Wave Plates Air Spaced for Maximum Power Handling 0.237" (6mm) DUAL WAVE PLATES 990 Mounted Multi-Order Wave Plates QUARTER-WAVE PLATE HALF-WAVE PLATE ITEM# ITEM# $ RMB COATING WPMQ05M-266 WPMH05M-266 $ ,10 2, AR Coated 266nm WPMQ05M-308 WPMH05M-308 $ ,10 2, AR Coated 308nm WPMQ05M-355 WPMH05M-355 $ ,10 2, AR Coated 355nm WPMQ05M-488 WPMH05M-488 $ ,10 2, AR Coated 488nm WPMQ05M-514 WPMH05M-514 $ ,10 2, AR Coated 514nm WPMQ05M-532 WPMH05M-532 $ ,10 2, AR Coated 532nm WPMQ05M-546 WPMH05M-546 $ ,10 2, AR Coated 546nm WPMQ05M-633 WPMH05M-633 $ ,10 2, AR Coated 633nm WPMQ05M-670 WPMH05M-670 $ ,10 2, AR Coated 670nm WPMQ05M-780 WPMH05M-780 $ ,10 2, AR Coated 780nm WPMQ05M-808 WPMH05M-808 $ ,10 2, AR Coated 808nm WPMQ05M-830 WPMH05M-830 $ ,10 2, AR Coated 830nm WPMQ05M-980 WPMH05M-980 $ ,10 2, AR Coated 980nm WPMQ05M-1053 WPMH05M-1053 $ ,10 2, AR Coated 1053nm WPMQ05M-1064 WPMH05M-1064 $ ,10 2, AR Coated 1064nm WPMQ05M-1310 WPMH05M-1310 $ ,10 2, AR Coated 1310nm WPMQ05M-1550 WPMH05M-1550 $ ,10 2, AR Coated 1550nm WPDM05M-532H-1064Q $ ,70 3, Multi-Order Dual Wave Plate λ/2@532nm, λ/4@1064nm WPDM05M-1064H-532Q $ ,70 3, Multi-Order Dual Wave Plate λ/4@532nm, λ/2@1064nm

18 Telecom Wave Plates These wave plates are manufactured specifically to meet the demanding requirements of WDM component designers. The half-wave plate is 91µm thick and the quarter-wave plate is 137µm. The wave plates are AR coated at 1550nm in order to minimize surface reflection losses. The true zero-order nature of these wave plates ensures the best possible angle, temperature, and wavelength performance, whereas the small size of these wave plates makes them ideal for reducing the overall package size of your designs. Specifications Material: Crystalline Quartz Size (mm): 2.0 x 2.0 or 5.0 x 5.0 Retardance Accuracy: λ/500 Flatness: λ/10 Surface Quality: 10-5 Scratch-Dig Parallelism: 10arcsec Damage Threshold: 2MW/cm 2 CW, 2 J/cm 2 10ns YAG Pulse AR Coated: R < 0.25% Reflectivity Reflectivity 1mm True Zero-Order Low Temperature Sensitivity Custom Sizes Available Custom Center Wavelengths Available AR Coated AR Coating Plot Wavelength (µm) ITEM# $ RMB THICKNESS DESCRIPTION WPQ201 $ , µm Quarter-Wave Plate, 1550nm Center Wavelength, 2mm Sq. WPH202 $ , µm Half-Wave Plate, 1550nm Center Wavelength, 2mm Sq. WPQ501 $ , µm Quarter-Wave Plate, 1550nm Center Wavelength, 5mm Sq. WPH502 $ , µm Half-Wave Plate, 1550nm Center Wavelength, 5mm Sq. Controller Kit for 1550nm This polarization controller kit is assembled from a FiberBench, FiberPorts, and other component modules, all of which are included. The bench controller has the same functionality as a paddle controller, but offers a more deterministic and more stable polarization control. The kit contains three rotating zero-order wave plates (1/4, 1/2, and 1/4). The retarders have precise continuous rotation through 360 and can produce any possible polarization state. Contoller Features Mechanical and Thermal Stability Deterministic Control ITEM# $ RMB PC-FFB-1550 $ 2, , ,60 22, Includes: PC-FFB-1550 The kit is supplied assembled but not aligned. Fiber cables are not included. They can be purchased separately, see page FiberBench 2 FiberPorts 1 Half Wave Retarder 2 Quarter Wave Retarder RELATED PRODUCTS For More Complete Selection of our POLARIZATION OPTICS See Pages See Page 818 See Page 817 See Page 820 Wire Grid Polarizers Double Glan-Taylor Polarizers Wollaston Prisms 991

19 Soleil-Babinet Compensator A Soleil-Babinet Compensator is a continuously variable zero-order retarder (wave plate) that can be used over a broad spectral range. The variable retardance is achieved by adjusting the position of a long birefringent wedge with respect to a short fixed birefringent wedge. The wedge angle and fast axis orientation is the same for both wedges so that the retardance is uniform across the entire clear aperture of the Soleil-Babinet compensator. The orientation of the fast axis of the wedge is engraved on the housing of the Soleil-Babinet compensator. A compensator plate is attached to the fixed wedge with its fast axis orthogonal to both the fast axis of the wedges and the propagation direction of the light. When the long birefringent wedge is positioned such that the total thickness of the two stacked wedges is equal to the thickness of the compensator plate, the net retardance of light passing through the Soleil-Babinet compensator will be zero. The position of the long wedge can then be adjusted with a precision micrometer in order to create a retardance of up to 2ϖ in the transmitted beam of light. The micrometer has a digital readout with a resolution of 0.001mm for ease of use. The fast axis orientation of the Soleil- Babinet compensator can be continually adjusted since the entire assembly is mounted on a rotation stage. The rotation stage has a Vernier scale for increased resolution. In addition, the rotational mount has detent positions in 45 increments so that the fast axis can be efficiently switched between parallel and 45 orientations. Finally, the entire assembly can be tipped or tilted with two fine pitched adjustment screws and can be mounted on a TR series post via one of six counterbored #8-32 (M4) holes in the kinematic mount. SBC-COMM is an accessories package that allows the digital micrometer to be connected to a computer via an RS-232 communications port. In addition to the cables and connectors, SBC-COMM includes a CD with micrometer LabVIEW drivers and a stand-alone micrometer program. Once the Soleil-Babinet compensator is calibrated at a single wavelength, the software can output the micrometer position required for any retardance at any wavelength within the operating range. The calibration procedure, which is necessary for calculating the position of the micrometer for a given retardance at a specified wavelength (whether the SBC-COMM packaged is used or not) is explained in the manual. The procedure is easy to complete but does require additional equipment, since the Soleil-Babinet compensator must be placed between two crossed polarizers and illuminated with coherent monochromatic light at a known wavelength. The manual is available at. Precision Retardation Uniform Retardance Over Full Aperture Continuously Variable Retardance 45 Index Stops mm (4.000") mm (9.130") Specifications Wavelength Range: nm (SBC-UV) nm (SBC-VIS) nm (SBC-IR) Retardance Adjustment: 0-2ϖ (Full-Wave) Clear Aperture: 10mm Diameter Beam Deviation: <1arcmin Transmitted Wavefront Error: <λ/4 Surface Quality: Scratch Dig Digital Readout Resolution: 0.001mm Rotation: 360 Continuous Rotation Division Scale: 1 Increments Detent Index Stops: Every mm (3.840") 53.09mm (2.090") SBC-VIS ITEM# $ RMB SPECTRAL RANGE DESCRIPTION SBC-UV $ 3, , ,00 30, nm Soleil-Babinet Compensator SBC-VIS $ 2, , ,50 26, nm Soleil-Babinet Compensator SBC-IR $ 2, , ,50 26, nm Soleil-Babinet Compensator SBC-COMM $ ,10 6, RS-232 Interface & LabVIEW Drivers 992

20 Glan-Laser Calcite Polarizers The Glan-Laser Calcite Polarizer is a Glan-Taylor polarizer that is specifically designed to deal with high energy laser light. These polarizers are manufactured from only select portions of the calcite crystal, which must pass a laser scattering sensitivity test. Like our Glan-Taylor Prisms, these prisms are ideal for applications requiring extremely high polarization purity (100,000:1), high damage threshold (500MW/cm 2 ), and a broad wavelength range (350nm-2.3µm). Two polished side exit ports are provided to allow bidirectional use of the prism polarizer. These side ports also ensure that the rejected light from high-power lasers can safely exit the polarizer. Extinction Ratio: 100,000:1 High Laser Damage Threshold Air-Spaced Design Laser Quality Natural Calcite (Low Scatter) Wavefront Distortion λ/4 Over Clear Aperture (Excluding Side Ports) Scratch-Dig Surface Quality Input and Output Faces (Side Ports 80/50) 350nm 2.3µm Wavelength Range (Uncoated) Damage Threshold: 500W/cm 2 (CW); 500MW/cm 2 (10ns 1.06µm) High Damage Threshold 500MW/cm 2 Extreme Purity 100,000:1 GL15 GL10 GL10 Glan-Laser Polarizer GL5 Complete Mechanical Drawings are available on our website: Field of View (FOV) vs. Wavelength - Calcite Glan - Laser ITEM# $* * * RMB* DESCRIPTION GL5 $ ,40 5, mm Clear Aperture Glan-Laser Polarizer GL10 $ ,40 6, mm Clear Aperture Glan-Laser Polarizer GL15 $1, ,50 10, mm Clear Aperture Glan-Laser Polarizer *Uncoated Prices. Prism Dimensions Standard Broadband AR Coatings GL5 GL10 GL15 To order a coated polarizer, choose the W 6.5mm 12mm 17mm AR coating from the table at the right, L 7.5mm 13.7mm 17.3mm add the coating code to the end of the A 9.5mm 16mm 22.3mm Item#, and then add the coating cost to B 12.7mm 19.2mm 25.4mm the polarizer price. CA Ø5mm Ø10mm Ø15mm Wavelength (µm) COATING WAVELENGTH $ RMB -C µm V-Coat $ ,10 10, A nm $ ,55 5, B nm $ ,55 5, C nm $ ,55 5, Example: GL10 Coated with nm Broadband AR Coating is GL10-B. Glan-Taylor Calcite Polarizers The Glan-Taylor Calcite Polarizer provides extremely pure linear polarization (100,000:1) for broadband sources. The input and output faces are polished to a laser quality scratch-dig surface finish to minimize scattering of the transmitted P polarization component of the laser beam or light field. The S polarization component is reflected through a 68 angle and exits the polarizer through one of the two side ports, which are pad polished. For high-power applications, see the Glan-Laser Polarizer. GT5 GT10 Extinction Ratio: 100,000:1 Damage Threshold: 2W/cm 2 (CW) Consist of 2 Air-Spaced Calcite Prisms λ/4 Wavefront Distortion Scratch-Dig Surface Quality 350nm - 2.3µm Wavelength Range (Uncoated) Standard Broadband AR Coatings To order a coated polarizer, choose the AR Coating from the table at the right, add the coating code to the end of the Item#, and then add the coating cost to the polarizer price. COATING WAVELENGTH $ RMB -A nm $ , B nm $ , C nm $ , Example: GT5 Coated with nm Broadband AR Coating is GT5-A. Prism Dimensions GT5 GT10 W 6.5mm 12mm L 7.5mm 13.7mm CA Ø5mm Ø10mm ITEM # $* * * RMB* DESCRIPTION GT5 $ ,30 4, mm Clear Aperture Glan-Taylor Polarizer GT10 $ ,60 5, mm Clear Aperture Glan-Taylor Polarizer *Uncoated Prices 993

21 Polarizing Prism Mounts SM1PM15 (GL15 Sold Separately) SM1PM10 (GL10 Sold Separately) SM05PM5 (GL5 Sold Separately) These prism mounts are designed to accommodate either the GL5, GL10, or GL15 Glan-Laser Calcite Polarizers or the GT5 or GT10 Glan-Tayler Calcite Polarizers. The rotating cover allows the user to block the two side ports. The SM1PM10 & SM1PM15 utilize our SM1 Series thread to allow direct mounting into our high precision rotation stage while the SM05PM5 utilizes SM05 thread. Full Clear Aperture of All 4 Ports Rotating Cover Blocks Unwanted Beams PRM1 & SM1PM10 (GL10 Sold Separately) ITEM# METRIC ITEM# $ RMB DESCRIPTION SM05PM5 SM05PM5* $ , Polarizing Prism Mount for GL5 & GT5 SM1PM10 SM1PM10* $ , Polarizing Prism Mount for GL10 & GT10 SM1PM15 SM1PM15* $ , Polarizing Prism Mount for GL15 PRM1 PRM1/M $ ,20 2, High-Precision Rotation Stage PRM05GL5 PRM05GL5/M $ ,10 1, PRM05 & SM05PM5 PRM1GL10 PRM1GL10/M $ ,80 2, PRM1 & SM1PM10 *Imperial and Metric Compatible Depolarizers WDPOL-A Depolarizers convert a polarized beam of light into a pseudo-random polarized beam of light. The pseudo-random polarization of the output beam may be suitable to use with polarization-sensitive devices when linearly polarized light is not. Our depolarizers are optically contacted and AR coated for high power operation. Wedge Depolarizers A variation in retardance across the aperture is created by the wedge-shaped crystalline quartz optic to scramble the polarization. A fused silica wedge is cemented to the quartz wedge to compensate for beam deviation. Wedge depolarizers are achromatic and can be used with any input beam. Lyot Depolarizers Lyot depolarizers consist of two quartz wave plates, one being exactly twice the thickness of the other and are assembled with their optic axes 45 apart. This combination creates various degrees of elliptical polarization as a function of wavelength, and therefore, Lyot depolarizers cannot be used with monochromatic beams. Wedge Depolarizer Lyot Depolarizer Convert Linear to Unpolarized Light Standard Lyot and Wedge Designs AR Coating Available Ø1" Mount Included Specifications Spectral Range: 350nm to 2600nm Transmission: 92% Beam Deviation: <3arcmin Flatness: λ/8 Surface Quality: Scratch-Dig Thickness: 6mm Nominal Damage Threshold: 200MW/cm 2 (1ns Pulse), 20W/cm 2 CW ITEM# ITEM # AR WEDGE DEPOLARIZER LYOT DEPOLARIZER COATING $ RMB WDPOL LDPOL none $ ,50 6, WDPOL-A LDPOL-A nm $ ,00 6, WDPOL-B LDPOL-B nm $ ,00 6, WDPOL-C LDPOL-C nm $ ,00 6,