Setting Generic Distance Relay UTP-100#WPSC1. in the. Computer-Aided Protection Engineering System (CAPE)
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1 Setting Generic Distance Relay UTP-100#WPSC1 in the Computer-Aided Protection Engineering System (CAPE) Prepared for CAPE Users' Group August 6, 1998 Revised August 24, 1998 Electrocon International, Inc. Ann Arbor, Michigan Georgia Power Company Atlanta, Georgia This document is the sole property of Electrocon International, Inc. and is provided to the CAPE Users Group for its own use only. It may not be supplied to any third party, or copied or reproduced in any form, without the express written permission of Electrocon International, Inc. All copies and reproductions shall be the property of Electrocon International, Inc. and must bear this ownership statement in its entirety.
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4 Application Note on Setting Generic Distance Relay UTP-1000#WPSC1 I. Introduction STYLE UTP-100#SOYLAND MODEL UTP-100PG#SOYLAND TYPE UTP MANUFACTURER Generic RELAY_CATEGORY_NAME Digital Package INST_MANUAL_NUMBER Generic distance relay UTP-100#WPSC1 contains both phase and ground MHO elements. It has the following properties: Instantaneous and time overcurrent elements with separate timers Four zones of distance protection; zone 4 normally set reverse Memory-polarized MHO characteristics without offset Separate phase and ground distance elements, with separate timers for zones 2, 3 and 4 and for phase and ground faults Internal phase and ground fault detectors for each DIST element Directional supervision for forward zones 1-3 All elements are set individually and have independent settings. There are no relay common taps. The following UTP-100 features are not in the generic CAPE relay: Closed Breaker Detector (element 50DCB) Under/Overvoltage elements (elements 27 and 59) Reclosing (elements 79) Synchronism Check (elements 25) Current Reversal Logic (timer 69) Communications Aided logic (under development in CAPE) 50L Fault Detector (used only for fault locator) II. Elements A. Internal Supervision Two directional elements supervise the phase and ground elements as follows: 1
5 Phase elements: DIR 32P DIST "21P" Zone 1 Zone 2 Zone 3 Zone 4 All include IOC 50PFD TIMER T21P2 T21P3 T21P LZOP LOGIC Ground elements: DIR 32Q DIST "21G" Zone 1 Zone 2 Zone 3 Zone 4 All include IOC 50PFD and 46NFD TIMER T21G2 T21G3 T21G LZOP LOGIC Overcurrent elements DIR 32Q IOC IOC IOC TOC IOC 50N1 50N2 50N3 51N 50H (neutral current) (phase) TIMER TA TIMER T67N2 T67N3 (Time adder) LZOP LOGIC The TIMER TA setting is the TOC constant term "Time Adder". The negative-sequence (32Q) directional elements will operate only for unbalanced faults, while the phase distance MHO elements trip for both balanced (three-phase) and unbalanced faults. The 2
6 UTP manual does not explain how the actual relay operates for balanced faults. As a compromise, we have implemented the 32P phase directional element to supervise the phase MHO elements and the 32Q for the ground MHO elements. A more complicated alternative would be to add one more DIST element per zone, with its own 32P supervisor and its own timer, specifically for three-phase faults. B. Distance Elements The following descriptions refer to faults on phase loop BC and ground loop AG; the other loops have the same form. The fault detectors are not separate elements; they are set as taps for the distance elements. Phase loop BC operates only if the currents on phases B and C both exceed the pickup. Phase loop AG operates only if the phase A current exceeds the pickup. The neutral fault detector operates only if the neutral current (3*IZERO) exceeds the pickup. The operating equations are taken from the Schweitzer 121F relay. The element operates when two complex voltages S1 and S2 are in phase, i.e. when S1 leads S2 by between -90 deg and +90 deg. The model uses memory polarization with the prefault voltages. Phase loop: S1 = Zi * (Ib - Ic) - (Vb - Vc) S2 = -j * Vprefault_a Ground loop: S1 = Zi * Ia_comp - Va S2 = Vprefault_a Ia_comp = Ia + 3*I0 * (Z0/Z1-1)/3 Zi = (Magnitude of zone i reach) /_MTA (i = 1,2,3,4) Z0/Z1 = complex ratio of zero-sequence and positive-sequence line impedances I0 = zero-sequence current The MTA has a range of 0-90 degrees. C. Directional Elements The DIR elements are voltage polarized. The ranges of operating current pickup, polarizing voltage pickup, and product pickup are set in the library. 3
7 The fault direction is forward when the following product exceeds the product pickup: For negative-sequence polarization 32Q = Re (In * conjg (Vn) exp (-j*mta)) For positive-sequence polarization 32P = Re (Ip * conjg (Vp) exp (-j*mta)) Here Ip, In, Vp and Vn are sequence relay currents and voltages, and the MTA is the optimum phase lead of operating current from polarizing voltage. In some relays (e.g Schweitzer) the terms 32P, 32Q and MTA are all defined differently, but the result is the same. Typically, the MTA is (-1 * line angle) for 32P and (180 deg - line angle) for 32Q. Here the MTA ranges of and for 32P and 32Q respectively accommodate the typical settings. D. Neutral Time Overcurrent Element Alternative TOC characteristic curves are available for the element: UDP EXTREMELY INV UDP MODERATELY INV UDP NORMALLY INV UDP NORMALLY INV UDP VERY INV IEEE VERY INV IEEE EXTREMELY INV VERY INVERSE (SEL) The Schweitzer (SEL) curve provides a template for the user-programmable curve. III. Description of Taps for Distance Elements To set the generic relays, you set the individual elements. There are no relay common taps. 4
8 A. Distance Element Named Taps 1. REACH This is the secondary line ohms in the forward direction. For a desired line reach and line angle: REACH = desired forward reach MTA = line angle You can also set the REACH tap in CAPE_CG using the DRAG_CURVE command. 2. K0 and K0_DEG These are for the ground distance elements. K0 is the percentage of neutral current ( 3 * IZERO) added to the phase current in Ia-comp above: K0 = 1/3 * abs (Z0/Z1-1 ) * 100 K0_DEG = arg (Z0/Z1-1 ) (default is zero if tap is missing) Here Z0/Z1 is the ratio of zero-sequence and positive-sequence impedances for the relay line. Typically, K0 is about 60% and K0_DEG is about -18 degrees PFD This is the low-set pickup current for each phase, which restricts the operation of all the DIST elements NFD This is the neutral pickup current (3*I0) for the ground DIST elements. B. Distance Element Unnamed Taps 1. Maximum Torque Angle Setting (TORQUE_ANGLE_SET_UNIT_1) Angle (MTA degrees) of diameter of circular characteristic. Usually set close to the line angle. 5
9 2. Desired Reach Magnitude (DES_REACH_IMP_OHMS_PRIM_UNIT_1) and Desired Reach Angle (DES_REACH_IMP_ANGLE_PRIM_UNIT_1) These are optional taps. If you set them in the database CAPE will attempt to derive tap settings for REACH to fit this desired reach with fixed MTA. IV. Setting Instructions This relay style is designed to protect for faults in the forward and reverse directions. If the relay is considered a primary for forward faults only, its LZOP can be of type LINE. If the relay provides the primary protection for faults in both directions, the LZOP must be of type MISC. Then you must add all branches of both protected lines to the MISC_LZOP_PROTECT_DATA for this relay. 1. When you place the relay you must connect an operating CT, an operating VT and a polarizing VT. 2. Leave the CT_QUANTITY and VT_QUANTITY at their default settings. 3. Set the element taps as follows: Element DIST (all phase zones) DIST (all ground zones) IOC TOC DIR Taps to Set REACH, MTA, 50PFD REACH, MTA, K0, K0_DEG, 50PFD, 46NFD Pickup Setting Pickup Setting, Time Dial, Characteristic Operating Current, Polarizing Voltage and Product pickups, and MTA for voltage polarization 4. Set the MTA for the 32P DIR elements at (-1 * line angle) and the MTA for the 32Q elements at (180 deg - line angle). 5. For each TIMER set the units (seconds, ms or cycles) and timer setting. The TOC element has a separate timer TA to reproduce the optional time adder term. CAPE CG does not show this timer in the TOC characteristics. To ignore this timer, set it as zero or omit it from the contact logic in CAPE RC. 6. Set the Tripping Direction as Forward for the DIR elements and for DIST zones 1-3; Reverse for the DIST zone 4 elements. 7. Set the CONTACT_LOGIC_CODEs for the elements in the LZOP logic, or use the default logic codes in the library. 6
10 If you use the default logic codes, notice that the only TIMER codes in the default expressions are zone timers. Therefore the IOC, TOC and DIST elements that supervise timers have default codes as follows: GR_ZN2 GR_ZN2_2 GR_ZN2_3 GR_ZN3 GR_ZN3_2 GR_ZN3_3 PH_ZN2 PH_ZN2_2 PH_ZN2_3 PH_ZN3 PH_ZN3_2 PH_ZN3_3 From these codes the Database Editor automatically derives corresponding codes for the supervised timers when you select Assign Default Logic on the LZOP Data form. If you do not use Default Logic, use the following suggested contact logic codes. Element DIST 21G 1 DIST 21P 1 Typical CONTACT_LOGIC_CODE GR_ZN1 PH_ZN1 IOC 50H PH_IOC_HS IOC 50N1 GR_IOC_1 TIMER T21G2 GR_ZN2 TIMER T21G3 GR_ZN3 TIMER T21G4 GR_ZN4 TIMER T21P2 PH_ZN2 TIMER T21P3 PH_ZN3 TIMER T21P4 PH_ZN4 TIMER T67N2 GR_IOC_2 TIMER T67N3 GR_IOC_3 TIMER TA GR_TOC_TA TOC 51N GR_TOC Other element CONTACT_LOGIC_CODES may be blank. The LZOP logic for a stepped distance scheme with the high set IOC as a backup is: PH_IOC_HS or GR_ZN1 or GR_ZN2 or GR_ZN3 or GR_ZN4 or PH_ZN1 or PH_ZN2 or PH_ZN3 or PH_ZN4 LZOP logic for the TOC element alone, including the adder time, is GR_TOC_TA LZOP logic for the ground IOC elements alone is 7
11 GR_IOC_1 or GR_IOC_2 or GR_IOC_3 8
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