DESIGN HIGH SPEED, LOW NOISE, LOW POWER TWO STAGE CMOS OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER. Himanshu Shekhar* 1, Amit Rajput 1
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1 ISSN IJESR/June 2014/ Vol-4/Issue-6/ Himanshu Shekhar et al./ International Journal of Engineering & Science Research DESIGN HIGH SPEED, LOW NOISE, LOW POWER TWO STAGE CMOS OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER ABSTRACT Himanshu Shekhar* 1, Amit Rajput 1 1 Department Of Electronics &Communication, RITS, Bhopal (MP), India. The objective of this paper is to design a Low-Voltage, Low-Power and High-Gain Operational Amplifier used for high speed compensated CMOS op-amp which specifies open loop circuit parameters to obtain enhanced gain, settling time and closed loop stability An Op-Amp is designed in a 0.18 µm standard digital CMOS Technology The low noise high speed Op-Amp is designed using 180nm CMOS technology and exhibits. Slew rate to 17 V/ms and gain-bandwidth product to 63 MHz, gain margin 80db, phase margin 77 db Performance of an op-amp at supply voltage 1.8V. Keywords: Two Stage OP-Amp high speed low noise OP-Amp Circuit, Op-Amp, Phase Margin, gain margin, precision circuit. INTRODUCTION The designing of high performance analog integrated circuits is becoming most essential with the continuous trend towards the reduced supply voltages and transistor channel length. MOS is most success among all because it can be scaled down to smaller dimensions for higher performance. The size can be reduced to micrometer or nanometer for getting higher performance. On scaling down the Transistor size the most important advantage iswe can integrate more number of transistors on the same size and we can get a faster amplifier compared to previous one. This leads to continuous growth of the processing capacity per chip and operating frequency. To achieve high gain with continued scaling in CMOS fabrication processes, use of multiple stage op-amps has become indispensable. Many applications require high-speed analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) due to increasing data rates. Hence, they require high accuracy op-amps with very high dc gain and high unity gain frequency in order to meet both accuracy and settling requirements of the system. The op-amp is one of the most important building blocks of the analog circuit technology. Fig 1: Block diagram of op-amp Almost all amplification and filtering functions can be realized using op-amps. Several fundamental issues and trade-offs exist when selecting an optimal Amplifiers are the most common building blocks. So as the transistor channel length and power supply is reduced then the design of Op amps face continuous challenge. Due to different aspect ratio (W/L), there is a trade off among speed, gain, power and the other parameters. The implementation of a CMOS OPAMPs that combines a considerable dc gain with higher unity gain frequency has been a most difficult problem. There have been several circuits proposed to evaluate this problem. The purpose of the design methodology in this paper is to propose accurate equations for the design of high- gain2 staged CMOS op-amp. *Corresponding Author 319
2 BLOCK DIAGRAM OF TWO STAGE CMOS OP-AMP Operational Amplifiers are the backbone for many analog circuit designs. The speed and accuracy of these circuits depends on the bandwidth and DC gain of the Op-amp, the implementation of a CMOS OPAMPs that combines a considerable dc gain with higher unity gain frequency has been a most difficult problem. There have been several circuits proposed to evaluate this problem. The purpose of the design methodology in this paper is to propose accurate equations for the design of high- gain2 staged CMOS op-amp. Fig 2: Block diagram of two op-amp Fig 3: Equivalent circuit of op-amp Generic block diagram with all the basic building blocks of simple two-stage Op amp is shown below. Each box in the figure can be replaced with an actual circuit implemented in modern VLSI technology. Design of Two Stage OPAMP The specific two stage CMOS OPAMP is shown in figure, on the basis of the circuit, various blocks of the each stage are configured, like adder, sample and hold, and amplifier. Thus, it is one of the most important circuits of the pipeline ADC. The circuit consists of an input differential stage with active load followed by a common source stage. Since this is the part of the internal blocks of the each stage and is only required to drive a fixed on chip capacitive load of few Pico farads. Its main drawback is the non dominant pole formed by the load capacitance and the output impedance of the second stage, which reduces the achievable bandwidth. Another potential disadvantage is the right half plane zero that arises from the feed forward signal path through the compensating capacitor. Fig 4: Circuit Diagram Of Two Stage Op-Amp Copyright 2013 Published by IJESR. All rights reserved 320
3 The following specification have been used for design of the two stage OPAMP Vdd = Vss = ±1.27 Av = 5000 V/V = db GBW 99 MHz Slew Rate 32 V/µs; ICMR = ±0.7 V C L = 4pF For 60 0 phase Margin, C C >0.24 C L C C =1.5pF So the tail current I 5 = Slew Rate*C C = 30 x 1.5 = 45 µa For the aspect ratio of M3 For the desired GB gm1 = GB.Cc = ( 99µ ). 2π. 1.5 *10-12 = 933 µ mho = Design for S 5 from the minimum input voltage; First calculate V DS5 (sat) & then S 5 VDS5(sat) == v 2 for M9 50*9µ = 78.4* 10-6 * W/L * [ ] 2 = Find the S6 and I6 by letting the 2 nd = 7.3 g m2 = 6104 µ mho pole be equal to 2.4 times GB g m6 = 1.2 g m2 (C L / Cc) Calculate g m4 Let V sg4 = V sg6, which gives S6 = 622/1 The output current I 6 is given by The aspect ratio S7 is given by S7 = S5. ( I 6 / I 5 ) = 265 / 1 Table 5.3: MOS Sizes for Operational Amplifier Copyright 2013 Published by IJESR. All rights reserved 321
4 Index of MOS W/L M1, M /1 M3, M4 10.6/1 M5 7.32/1 M6 725/1 M7 265/1 M8 7.32/1 M9 2.1/5 Operational amplifier dual low noise high precision op-amp The OP37 provides the same high performance as the OP27, but the design is optimized for circuits with gains greater than five. This design change increases slew rate to 17 V/ms and gain-bandwidth product to 63 MHz adding the input resistor Rin limits the differentiators increase in gain at a ratio of Rƒ/Rin. The circuit now acts like a differentiator amplifier at low frequencies and an amplifier with resistive feedback at high frequencies giving much better noise rejection SIMULATION RESULT Fig 5: Operational amplifier dual low noise high precision op-amps Fig 6: Operational amplifier dual low noise high precision op-amp To begin this discussion on spectral analysis, let us begin by considering the question of trying to detect an underlying sinusoidal signal component that is buried in noise. Fig 7: FFT Response Of Input Output noise Copyright 2013 Published by IJESR. All rights reserved 322
5 This simulation result show the gain margin and phase margin of two stage op-amp CONCLUSION The amplifier presented in this paper operates at weak and moderate inversion and regulates its bias current. When a signal is applied the current in the amplifier increases so that these amplifiers have very high driving current This paper presents the full custom design of a two stage fully differential amplifier with active load and single ended output where biasing is done by perfectly matched current mirror circuit; slew rate to 17 V/ms and gain-bandwidth product to 63 MHz gain margin 80db phase margin 77 db The circuit characteristics have been verified by using 0.18µm technology In addition, the open loop amplifier also has a considerably high gain with very low power consumption at the instant of full swing operation REFERENCES [1] Liang S-Q, Yin Y-S; Deng H-H; Song Y-K. A low power consumption, high speed Op-amp for a 10-bit 100MSPS parallel pipeline ADC. IEEE Asia Pacific Conference [2] A systematic design procedure for high-speed op-amp performance optimization Perenzoni, M. ; Microsystems Div., ITC-IRST, Povo, Italy ; Malfatti, M. ; De Nisi, F. ; Stoppa, D. Circuit Theory and Design, Proceedings of the 2005 European Conference on (Volume:3 ) 28 Aug.-2 Sept [3] Saxena V. Indirect Compensation Techniques for Multi-Stage Operational Amplifiers, M.S. Thesis, ECE Dept., Boise State University, Oct [4] Waltari M, Halonenn KAI. 1-V 9-bit pipelined switched-op-amp ADC. Solid-state Circuits. IEEE Journal 2001; 36(1): [5] Crols J, Steyaert M. Switched-Op-Amp: An Approach to Realize Full CMOS Switched- Capacitor Filters at Very Low Voltages. IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits 2008; 29: Copyright 2013 Published by IJESR. All rights reserved 323
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