Exercise 2: Ohm s Law Circuit Current
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1 Exercise 2: Circuit Current EXERCISE OBJECTIVE When you have completed this exercise, you will be able to determine current by using Ohm s law. You will verify your results with a multimeter. DISCUSSION When voltage and resistance values are known, apply Ohm s law to determine the circuit current. I = E/R VOLTAGE (IN VOLTS) CURRENT (IN AMPS) = RESISTANCE (IN VOLTS) Based on the formula, current is directly related to voltage but inversely related to resistance. In this circuit, the applied voltage is 10 Vdc, and the circuit resistance is Based on Ohm s law, the circuit current is 10 ma. In this circuit, the voltage is increased and the resistance is decreased. Based on Ohm s law, what is the effect on circuit current? a. The circuit current must increase. b. There is no change in circuit current. c. The circuit current must decrease. FACET by Lab-Volt 105
2 DC Fundamentals PROCEDURE Locate the OHM S LAW circuit block, and connect the circuit shown. Measure the total resistance of your circuit and enter your value in ohms. R T = (Recall Value 1) Remove the meter from your circuit. Energize the OHM S LAW circuit block with a two-post connector. Adjust the positive variable supply to +10 Vdc. 106 FACET by Lab-Volt
3 Calculate the expected circuit current based on an applied voltage of 10 Vdc and a circuit resistance of (Step 2, Recall Value 1). Enter your result in milliamps (0.001A = 1 ma). NOTE: I = E/R I T = ma (Recall Value 2) Set your multimeter to measure current. Remove the two-post connector and connect the multimeter between the positive side of the voltage source and the top of resistor R1. Be sure to observe proper polarity. Enter the current reading of your circuit in milliamps. I T = ma (Recall Value 3) The calculated circuit current equals ma (Step 5, Recall Value 2) and the measured circuit current equals ma (Step 8, Recall Value 3). Based on a comparison of the two values, is a calculation based on Ohm s law a true indication of circuit current? a. No. Ohm s law cannot be considered accurate. b. Yes. Ohm s law provides a true indication of circuit current. c. Yes. Ohm s law provides a true indication of circuit current but only when circuit resistances and voltages are measured. FACET by Lab-Volt 107
4 DC Fundamentals Using Ohm s law, calculate the circuit current with a resistance of (Step 2, Recall Value 1) and an applied voltage of 5 Vdc. NOTE: I T = E/R I T = ma (Recall Value 4) Ensure that you change the applied voltage to 5 Vdc. Measure the current of your circuit. Compare your meter indication to the calculated current of ma (Step 10, Recall Value 4). Does Ohm s law hold true when the circuit s applied voltage is changed? a. No. b. Yes, provided the calculation uses the original circuit voltage. c. Yes, provided the calculation uses the new circuit voltage. Place CM switch 20 in the ON position. Measure and enter in ohms the total resistance of your circuit. NOTE: Remove power from your circuit block when measuring resistance. R T = (Recall Value 5) Adjust the positive variable supply for 10 Vdc. Based on a circuit resistance of (Step 12, Recall Value 5 ) and a circuit voltage of 10 Vdc, measure and enter the circuit current (in milliamps). I T = ma (Recall Value 6) Based on the tabulated results recalled below, which statement represents the relationship between current, voltage, and resistance? a. Current, voltage, and resistance are directly related. b. Current, voltage, and resistance are inversely related. c. Current is directly related to voltage but inversely related to resistance. CURRENT VOLTAGE RESISTANCE ma (Step 10, Recall Value 4) 5 Vdc (Step 2, Recall Value 1) ma (Step 8, Recall Value 3) 10 Vdc (Step 2, Recall Value 1) ma (Step 13, Recall Value 6) 10 Vdc (Step 12, Recall Value 5) 108 FACET by Lab-Volt
5 Make sure all CMs are cleared (turned off) before proceeding to the next section. CONCLUSION Ohm s law in the form of voltage/resistance determines circuit current. Circuit current is directly related to voltage. It increases if circuit voltage increases. Circuit current is inversely related to resistance. It decreases if circuit resistance increases. Voltage and resistance values are required in order to determine current by Ohm s law. REVIEW QUESTIONS 1. Voltage and current are a. measured in the same unit. b. inversely proportional. c. directly proportional. d. always larger than the resistance. 2. If the voltage in a circuit is doubled and the resistance remains the same, the current a. remains the same. b. is doubled. c. is halved. d. may increase or decrease. 3. In an electric circuit, if the voltage is 20 Vdc and the resistance is 4000, the circuit current is a. 5 ma. b A. c. All of the above. d. None of the above. 4. In an electrical circuit having a voltage of 8 Vdc and a resistance of 1.5 k, the circuit current is a. 5.3 ma. b. 9.5 ma. c. 12 ma. d ma. 5. Place CM switch 19 in the ON position. Refer to the OHM S LAW circuit block. Adjust the positive supply to 7 Vdc. Determine the value of total circuit resistance and circuit current. a. 510, 13.7 ma b. 1245, 5.6 ma c. 1510, 4.6 ma d. 3710, 1.88 ma NOTE: Make sure all CMs are cleared (turned off) before proceeding to the next section. FACET by Lab-Volt 109
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