Lecture 3.10 ELECTRICITY Alternating current Electrical safety

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Lecture 3.10 ELECTRICITY Alternating current Electrical safety"

Transcription

1 Lecture 3.1 ELECTRCTY Alternating current Electrical safety

2 Alternating Current (ac) Batteries are a source of steady or direct voltage. Current in a circuit powered by a battery is also steady and is called direct current (dc) Direct voltage (current) dc oltage (& current) are constant t Alternating Current (ac): Nearly all the electricity we use is in the form of alternating current (& voltage) termed ac + t oltage periodic: Magnitude and direction changes - - generally sinusoidal. current also alternates

3 Alternating Current (ac) + = sinωt t - Angular frequency ω = π f = π / - T + t - = sinωt Average values of the current and voltage is zero Time averaged value of sine function over one or more cycles is zero

4 + Alternating Current (ac) = sinωt t - Electrical power consumed by any resistive component in a circuit is P = R dc R ac R + - = sinωt = sinωt ac: Average value of the current is zero However the power consumed in an ac circuit is not zero because dissipation of energy in the resistance does not depend on the direction of the current. ( Power = R > )

5 Alternating Current (ac) 1 = sinωt = t sin ω t Average value of 1 ( ) = ( ) ave always positive Square root of the average value of the square of the current Root mean square (rms) value 1 rms = = = = Similarly ( ) rms ( ) 1 ave = 1 rms rms = eff eff

6 Alternating Current (ac) + T = sinωt eff t - is the maximum current value or current amplitude Average current value is zero. T is the period (= 1/f) ac voltage and current are always characterized by their effective (or root mean square ) values: eff = o and eff = o where o, and o are the amplitudes or maximum values of the voltage and the current.

7 + Alternating Current T eff t - eff = o and An alternating current with a maximum value of 3 amps will produce the same heating effect in a resistance as a direct current of (3/ )amps ac mains varies at a rate of 5 times per second frequency of 5 cycles per second S unit of frequency named after German Physicist Heinrich Hertz ac mains---frequency 5 Hertz ----5Hz So periodic time (time for one cycle) T= (1/5)s = x1-3 s = millisecs eff = o

8 + Alternating Current T eff t - eff = o and eff = o Meters that measure ac current and voltage Calibrated to measure: effective (or rms ) current and voltage eff and eff

9 Power in an ac circuit Power in a dc circuit ac power P = P= R P = R P ave = eff eff P ave = ( / ) ( / ) P ave = ( o o ) since = R P ave = ( o ) R since = /R P ( o ) ave = R

10 Alternating Current ESB provides electricity voltage of frequency of 5Hz. The period of the oscillations is: T = 1/5Hz =.s = milliseconds. is the effective or rms value of the voltage: eff = amplitude is: = eff * = 311 Mains voltage swings from +311 to times every second giving an effective voltage of. The effective current going through a 1W light bulb is: eff = P ave / eff = (1/) A =.45A

11 Alternating Current Nearly all the electricity we use is in the form of alternating current (& voltage ) termed ac. Why? 1. ac voltage (compared with dc voltage) can be increased or decreased easily (with a transformer). High voltage can be transmitted more efficiently Transmission of electrical energy from generating stations to homes and businesses. Transmission lines (cables) 1 s km long Therefore resistance of cables is significant Transmission more efficient at high voltages P = R ave eff energy loss is reduced by reducing current

12 Alternating Current Power loss in transmission cable of resistance R : P loss = R eff Want to deliver a power P to the substation where the transmission line arrives P = = P R R loss eff eff To minimise loss need to increase voltage for a fixed power P to be delivered. Typically 1-7 k Step down transformer used to convert the voltage to for use in home or workplace.

13 Example A maximum ac voltage of 4 at a frequency 5 Hz is connected across a 53 Ω resistor. Find (a) rms voltage. (b) rms current. (c) the average power and (d) the maximum power dissipated in the resistor. R (a) = rms rms 4 = = 17 (b) rms 17 rms = =.3A R 53Ω (c) rms ( ) = sinωt = sinωt P = R =.3A 53Ω= 54.3Watts ave (d) P max max 17 rms = = = = 19Watts R R 53 f the frequency is doubled, does the average power dissipated in the resistor increase, decrease or stay the same.

14 Electrical Power Example A 1W bulb operates at a voltage of. Determine the resistance of its filament. P ave = /R or R = /P ave R = () /1 = 484Ω Determine the rms and peak currents through the bulb P ave = rms rms rms Pave 1 = = = rms.455amps ( ) ( ) rms = =.455amps =.643amps

15 Example Bird sitting on high voltage transmission cable. Why is it not electrocuted? 5 k high voltage transmission cable 1km long, resistance 8 Ω supplying 1 MW of power. Bird s feet are 7 cm apart. Current in the cable P 1MWatts = 4amps = 5k = R Resistance of 7 cm length m m 4 = 8Ω= Ω 3 oltage between feet 4 = R = =.784 P Assume resistance through body = 8 kω Current through bird = Current through bird = = = 98 1 amps 8kΩ 5k = 31.5amps 8kΩ

16 ~ ~ Electrical safety Hazards: Thermal & Electrical shock Thermal Heat produced faster than it can be dissipated Normally thermal energy produced in wires is negligible unless current becomes very large e.g. As more resistances (appliances) are added in parallel current increases R w represents the resistance of the wires R w fuse R 1 R R 3 Power dissipated in the feed cable P = R w Power proportional to current squared

17 Electrical safety Heat produced can be large >>>>>ignition of adjacent material>> fire Prevention include circuit breaker or fuse. nterrupts current if it exceeds specific value Short circuit is also a thermal hazard Short circuit: insulation breaks down Wires touch >> small contact resistance > large current> heating in wires P = /R s R s is extremely small, hence since is constant Power is very large>> thermal damage Prevention include circuit breaker or fuse. nterrupts current if it exceeds specific value

18 Electrical safety Shock Hazard Possibility of current passing through person to earth mpact on person depends mainly on the current Maximum harmless current (at 5Hz) 5mA Risk reduction Some appliances use an insulated two wire system: Appliance has insulating enclosure to prevent direct contact with current. nsulation has very high electrical resistance appliance live ~ Ground neutral -pin plug nsulating case

19 Shock Hazard Electrical safety Old appliances sometimes used a two wire system insulated from a metal enclosure Safe unless insulation breaks down live appliance ~ neutral -pin plug metal case Ground nsulation

20 Electrical safety Shock Hazard f insulation breaks down and live wire contacts the metal case Any person touching the case is in parallel with the full voltage live appliance ~ R p neutral -pin plug metal case Ground /5mA = 44kΩ Current passing through person = p = /R p Severity of shock depends on resistance to ground R p Bare feet on wet ground > low resistance> very severe Shoes on rubber mat > high resistance> little affect

21 Electrical safety Three wire system Additional Earth line for safety t essentially connects the case of appliance through the plugs and sockets to a copper rod inserted into earth outside house. f the live wire touches the metal case, current will go directly to the earth. appliance live ELCB ~ Ground neutral ground 3 pin plug Grounded Metal case Live - brown Neutral blue Earth green/yellow

22 Electrical safety Earth Leakage Circuit Breaker appliance live ELCB ~ Ground neutral Safety device makes use of Faraday s law Grounded metal case 3 pin plug in Current in live and neutral wires should be equal unless short circuit occurs in the applicance e.g to Earth ron ring Circuit breaker Coil magnetically senses any difference in the current in the live and neutral wires and activates circuit breaker >5mA

23 Example Will a hospital circuit protected by a 15A circuit breaker be able to operate a W ECG monitor, a 1W microwave oven and eight 1W lights simultaneously? eff = eff = 15A The maximum power consumption allowed is: P = eff eff = x15a = 33W All the apparatus will consume: P = W + 1W + 8*1W = W So all apparatus will be able to operate simultaneously.

ExamLearn.ie. Electricity in the Home & Electronics

ExamLearn.ie. Electricity in the Home & Electronics ExamLearn.ie Electricity in the Home & Electronics Electricity in the Home & Electronics Mains supply and safety The mains supply to the sockets in your house or school is at 230 V a.c. This voltage could

More information

CURRENT, POTENTIAL DIFFERENCE AND RESISTANCE PART I

CURRENT, POTENTIAL DIFFERENCE AND RESISTANCE PART I CURRENT, POTENTIAL DIFFERENCE AND RESISTANCE PART I Q1. An electrical circuit is shown in the figure below. (a) The current in the circuit is direct current. What is meant by direct current? Tick one box.

More information

Syllabus OP49 Test electrical conduction in a variety of materials, and classify each material as a conductor or insulator

Syllabus OP49 Test electrical conduction in a variety of materials, and classify each material as a conductor or insulator Physics: 14. Current Electricity Please remember to photocopy 4 pages onto one sheet by going A3 A4 and using back to back on the photocopier Syllabus OP49 Test electrical conduction in a variety of materials,

More information

νµθωερτψυιοπασδφγηϕκλζξχϖβνµθωερτ ψυιοπασδφγηϕκλζξχϖβνµθωερτψυιοπα σδφγηϕκλζξχϖβνµθωερτψυιοπασδφγηϕκ χϖβνµθωερτψυιοπασδφγηϕκλζξχϖβνµθ

νµθωερτψυιοπασδφγηϕκλζξχϖβνµθωερτ ψυιοπασδφγηϕκλζξχϖβνµθωερτψυιοπα σδφγηϕκλζξχϖβνµθωερτψυιοπασδφγηϕκ χϖβνµθωερτψυιοπασδφγηϕκλζξχϖβνµθ θωερτψυιοπασδφγηϕκλζξχϖβνµθωερτψ υιοπασδφγηϕκλζξχϖβνµθωερτψυιοπασδ φγηϕκλζξχϖβνµθωερτψυιοπασδφγηϕκλζ ξχϖβνµθωερτψυιοπασδφγηϕκλζξχϖβνµ Physics θωερτψυιοπασδφγηϕκλζξχϖβνµθωερτψ Current and Electricity υιοπασδφγηϕκτψυιοπασδφγηϕκλζξχϖβν

More information

ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION AND ALTERNATING CURRENT (Assignment)

ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION AND ALTERNATING CURRENT (Assignment) ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION AND ALTERNATING CURRENT (Assignment) 1. In an A.C. circuit A ; the current leads the voltage by 30 0 and in circuit B, the current lags behind the voltage by 30 0. What is the

More information

Intermediate Physics PHYS102

Intermediate Physics PHYS102 Intermediate Physics PHYS102 Dr Richard H. Cyburt Assistant Professor of Physics My office: 402c in the Science Building My phone: (304) 384-6006 My email: rcyburt@concord.edu My webpage: www.concord.edu/rcyburt

More information

Electromagnetic Oscillations and Currents. March 23, 2014 Chapter 30 1

Electromagnetic Oscillations and Currents. March 23, 2014 Chapter 30 1 Electromagnetic Oscillations and Currents March 23, 2014 Chapter 30 1 Driven LC Circuit! The voltage V can be thought of as the projection of the vertical axis of the phasor V m representing the time-varying

More information

Q2. Figure 1 shows the oscilloscope trace an alternating current (a.c.) electricity supply produces.

Q2. Figure 1 shows the oscilloscope trace an alternating current (a.c.) electricity supply produces. SERIES AND PARALEL CIRCUITS Q1. A student set up the electrical circuit shown in the figure below. (a) The ammeter displays a reading of 0.10 A. Calculate the potential difference across the 45 Ω resistor.

More information

Chapter 24. Alternating Current Circuits

Chapter 24. Alternating Current Circuits Chapter 24 Alternating Current Circuits Objective of Lecture Generators and Motors Inductance RL Circuits (resistance and inductance) Transformers AC REMINDER: WORK ON THE EXAMPLES Read physics in perspective

More information

Questions on Electromagnetism

Questions on Electromagnetism Questions on Electromagnetism 1. The dynamo torch, Figure 1, is operated by successive squeezes of the handle. These cause a permanent magnet to rotate within a fixed coil of wires, see Figure 2. Harder

More information

Multiple Choice Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

Multiple Choice Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. Electrical Circuits Multiple Choice Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. In solid conductors, electric current is the flow of a. positive and

More information

Ac fundamentals and AC CIRCUITS. Q1. Explain and derive an expression for generation of AC quantity.

Ac fundamentals and AC CIRCUITS. Q1. Explain and derive an expression for generation of AC quantity. Ac fundamentals and AC CIRCUITS Q1. Explain and derive an expression for generation of AC quantity. According to Faradays law of electromagnetic induction when a conductor is moving within a magnetic field,

More information

n = V1 n = V2 110 = So the output current will be times the input current = = 123 Amp (ANS)

n = V1 n = V2 110 = So the output current will be times the input current = = 123 Amp (ANS) Unit 4 Physics 016 14. Transformers and transmission Page 1 of 6 Checkpoints Chapter 14 and transmission. Question 556 Transformers This is a step down transformer, because the output voltage is less than

More information

Exercise MM About the Multimeter

Exercise MM About the Multimeter Exercise MM About the Multimeter Introduction Our world is filled with devices that contain electrical circuits in which various voltage sources cause currents to flow. Electrical currents generate heat,

More information

ALTERNATING CURRENT. Lesson-1. Alternating Current and Voltage

ALTERNATING CURRENT. Lesson-1. Alternating Current and Voltage esson- ATENATING UENT Alternating urrent and oltage An alternating current or voltage is that variation of current or voltage respectively whose magnitude and direction vary periodically and continuously

More information

13 th Asian Physics Olympiad India Experimental Competition Wednesday, 2 nd May 2012

13 th Asian Physics Olympiad India Experimental Competition Wednesday, 2 nd May 2012 13 th Asian Physics Olympiad India Experimental Competition Wednesday, nd May 01 Please first read the following instructions carefully: 1. The time available is ½ hours for each of the two experimental

More information

Chapter 2: Electricity

Chapter 2: Electricity Chapter 2: Electricity Lesson 2.1 Static Electricity 1 e.g. a polythene rod Lesson 2.3 Electric current 1 I = Q / t = 80 / 16 = 5 A 2 t = Q / I = 96 / 6 = 16 s 1b e.g. a metal wire 2 If static charge begins

More information

CHAPTER 5 Test B Lsn 5-6 to 5-8 TEST REVIEW

CHAPTER 5 Test B Lsn 5-6 to 5-8 TEST REVIEW IB PHYSICS Name: Period: Date: DEVIL PHYSICS BADDEST CLASS ON CAMPUS CHAPTER 5 Test B Lsn 5-6 to 5-8 TEST REVIEW 1. This question is about electric circuits. (a) (b) Define (i) (ii) electromotive force

More information

Figure 1. Why is iron a suitable material for the core of a transformer?

Figure 1. Why is iron a suitable material for the core of a transformer? INDUCED POTENTIAL, TRANSFORMERS: NAT GRID Q1. Figure 1 shows the construction of a simple transformer. Figure 1 Why is iron a suitable material for the core of a transformer? Tick one box. It is a metal.

More information

GROUNDED ELECTRICAL POWER DISTRIBUTION. Excerpt from Inverter Charger Series Manual BY: VIJAY SHARMA ENGINEER

GROUNDED ELECTRICAL POWER DISTRIBUTION. Excerpt from Inverter Charger Series Manual BY: VIJAY SHARMA ENGINEER GROUNDED ELECTRICAL POWER DISTRIBUTION Excerpt from Inverter Charger Series Manual BY: VIJAY SHARMA ENGINEER .0 Conductors for Electrical Power Distribution For single-phase transmission of AC power or

More information

YAL. 12 Electricity. Assignments in Science Class X (Term I) IMPORTANT NOTES

YAL. 12 Electricity. Assignments in Science Class X (Term I) IMPORTANT NOTES Assignments in Science Class X (Term I) 12 Electricity IMPORTANT NOTES 1. There are two kinds of electric charges i.e., positive and negative. The opposite charges attract each other and the similar charges

More information

15. the power factor of an a.c circuit is.5 what will be the phase difference between voltage and current in this

15. the power factor of an a.c circuit is.5 what will be the phase difference between voltage and current in this 1 1. In a series LCR circuit the voltage across inductor, a capacitor and a resistor are 30 V, 30 V and 60 V respectively. What is the phase difference between applied voltage and current in the circuit?

More information

Experiment 12: Microwaves

Experiment 12: Microwaves MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY Department of Physics 8.02 Spring 2005 OBJECTIVES Experiment 12: Microwaves To observe the polarization and angular dependence of radiation from a microwave generator

More information

A resistor adds resistance to a circuit. Describe what the effect of adding resistance would have on the current flowing in the circuit.

A resistor adds resistance to a circuit. Describe what the effect of adding resistance would have on the current flowing in the circuit. A. Current, Potential Difference and Resistance 1a A student builds a circuit. The circuit is shown in Figure 1. Label the components shown in Figure 1. (3) Figure 1 Voltmeter Power Supply Diode Resistor

More information

National Physics. Electricity and Energy Homework. Section 2 Electrical Power

National Physics. Electricity and Energy Homework. Section 2 Electrical Power National Physics Electricity and Energy Homework Section 2 Electrical Power Homework 1 : Energy Changes and Power 1. Appliances convert electrical energy into other forms of energy. State the useful energy

More information

Intermediate Physics PHYS102

Intermediate Physics PHYS102 Intermediate Physics PHYS102 Dr Richard H. Cyburt Assistant Professor of Physics My office: 402c in the Science Building My phone: (304) 384-6006 My email: rcyburt@concord.edu My webpage: www.concord.edu/rcyburt

More information

Electrical Theory. Power Principles and Phase Angle. PJM State & Member Training Dept. PJM /22/2018

Electrical Theory. Power Principles and Phase Angle. PJM State & Member Training Dept. PJM /22/2018 Electrical Theory Power Principles and Phase Angle PJM State & Member Training Dept. PJM 2018 Objectives At the end of this presentation the learner will be able to: Identify the characteristics of Sine

More information

6-2 Electricity Trilogy

6-2 Electricity Trilogy 6-2 Electricity Trilogy.0 Most domestic appliances are connected to the mains electricity.. What is the frequency of mains electricity? Tick one box [ mark].05 A 50 Hz 230 V.2 What is the potential difference

More information

Chapter 13. Electric Circuits

Chapter 13. Electric Circuits Chapter 13 Electric Circuits Lower Potential Battery (EMF - E) - + Higher Potential Bulb (Resistor) Wires (No Change in Potential) EMF (Voltage Source) _ + Resistor Working Circuits For a circuit to work,

More information

Bakiss Hiyana binti Abu Bakar JKE, POLISAS BHAB

Bakiss Hiyana binti Abu Bakar JKE, POLISAS BHAB 1 Bakiss Hiyana binti Abu Bakar JKE, POLISAS 1. Explain AC circuit concept and their analysis using AC circuit law. 2. Apply the knowledge of AC circuit in solving problem related to AC electrical circuit.

More information

12.2 ALTERNATING CURRENT 12.3 TRANSMISSION OF ELECTRICAL POWER HW/Study Packet

12.2 ALTERNATING CURRENT 12.3 TRANSMISSION OF ELECTRICAL POWER HW/Study Packet 12.2 ALTERNATING CURRENT 12.3 TRANSMISSION OF ELECTRICAL POWER HW/Study Packet Required: READ Tsokos, pp 360-365 Hamper pp 209-219 HL Supplemental: Cutnell and Johnson, pp 696-707 Giancoli, pp 592-597

More information

AP Physics C. Alternating Current. Chapter Problems. Sources of Alternating EMF

AP Physics C. Alternating Current. Chapter Problems. Sources of Alternating EMF AP Physics C Alternating Current Chapter Problems Sources of Alternating EMF 1. A 10 cm diameter loop of wire is oriented perpendicular to a 2.5 T magnetic field. What is the magnetic flux through the

More information

PHYSICS WORKSHEET CLASS : XII. Topic: Alternating current

PHYSICS WORKSHEET CLASS : XII. Topic: Alternating current PHYSICS WORKSHEET CLASS : XII Topic: Alternating current 1. What is mean by root mean square value of alternating current? 2. Distinguish between the terms effective value and peak value of an alternating

More information

Please use the Q & A utility to ask us any questions concerning the material being presented.

Please use the Q & A utility to ask us any questions concerning the material being presented. Meet Our Team Webinar Notes Please use the Q & A utility to ask us any questions concerning the material being presented. You can find a recording of this webinar and presentation on our Video Library

More information

GCSE Physics. The PiXL Club Ltd, Company number

GCSE Physics.   The PiXL Club Ltd, Company number he PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club The PiXL Club he PiXL

More information

Class XII Chapter 7 Alternating Current Physics

Class XII Chapter 7 Alternating Current Physics Question 7.1: A 100 Ω resistor is connected to a 220 V, 50 Hz ac supply. (a) What is the rms value of current in the circuit? (b) What is the net power consumed over a full cycle? Resistance of the resistor,

More information

Instruction Manual for Digital Grounding Resistance Meter

Instruction Manual for Digital Grounding Resistance Meter Instruction Manual for Digital Grounding Resistance Meter Instruction Manual for Digital Grounding Resistance Meter Table of Contents I. Overview...2 II. Open-case Inspection...3 III. Safety Precautions...4

More information

College Physics B - PHY2054C. Transformers & Electromagnetic Waves 10/08/2014. My Office Hours: Tuesday 10:00 AM - Noon 206 Keen Building

College Physics B - PHY2054C. Transformers & Electromagnetic Waves 10/08/2014. My Office Hours: Tuesday 10:00 AM - Noon 206 Keen Building College - PHY2054C & Electromagnetic Waves 10/08/2014 My Office Hours: Tuesday 10:00 AM - Noon 206 Keen Building PHY2054C Second Mini-Exam next week on Wednesday!! Location: UPL 101, 10:10-11:00 AM Exam

More information

USER'S MANUAL DMR-6700

USER'S MANUAL DMR-6700 USER'S MANUAL Multimeter True RMS DMR-6700 CIRCUIT-TEST ELECTRONICS www.circuittest.com Introduction This meter measures AC/DC Voltage, AC/DC Current, Resistance, Capacitance, Frequency (electrical & electronic),

More information

Unit 15: Electrical Circuits and their Applications

Unit 15: Electrical Circuits and their Applications Unit 15: Electrical Circuits and their Applications Level: 3 Unit type: Internal Guided learning hours: 60 Unit in brief This unit covers the principles of electricity, including measurements of electrical

More information

CATALOG including...

CATALOG including... 2002 CATALOG including... http://www.hioki.co.jp/ HIOKI company overview, new products, environmental considerations and other information are available on our website. 1 Advanced Instruments to Meet International

More information

Lesson 22A Alternating Current & Transformers

Lesson 22A Alternating Current & Transformers Physics 30 Lesson 22A Alternating Current & Transformers I Alternating Current Many electric circuits use electrochemical cells (batteries) which involve direct current (DC). In dc electric power, the

More information

PHYS 219 Spring semester Lecture 16: ac Voltages, ac currents and Transformers. Ron Reifenberger Birck Nanotechnology Center Purdue University

PHYS 219 Spring semester Lecture 16: ac Voltages, ac currents and Transformers. Ron Reifenberger Birck Nanotechnology Center Purdue University HYS 9 Spring semester 06 Lecture 6: ac oltages, ac currents and Transformers on eifenberger Birck anotechnology Center urdue University Exam When: Wednesday, May 4, 06 7:00-9:00 M Where: HYS Lecture 6

More information

Page 2. Q1.An electrician is replacing an old electric shower with a new one. The inside of the old shower is shown in Figure 1.

Page 2. Q1.An electrician is replacing an old electric shower with a new one. The inside of the old shower is shown in Figure 1. Q1.An electrician is replacing an old electric shower with a new one. The inside of the old shower is shown in Figure 1. Figure 1 Michael Priest (a) If the electrician touches the live wire he will receive

More information

Section B: Electricity

Section B: Electricity Section B: Electricity The best way to remember the information in this chapter is to get a pen and paper and write down your answers Electricity - Current - Voltage - Power 1 What is Electricity? 2 What

More information

Voltage (V) Electrical Potential. Current and Circuits. Dry Cell Voltage Source. Voltage Sources

Voltage (V) Electrical Potential. Current and Circuits. Dry Cell Voltage Source. Voltage Sources Current and Circuits Current flows from a higher potential to a lower potential (We need a voltage) circuit is a continuous loop of flowing charge. t must be a closed loop in order to work voltage source

More information

3B SCIENTIFIC PHYSICS

3B SCIENTIFIC PHYSICS 3B SCIENTIFIC PHYSICS Analogue Multimeter Escola 100 1013527 Instruction sheet 12/15 SD/JS 1 Display with mirror scale 2 Slotted screw for zero calibration 3 Calibration trimmer for setting centre zero

More information

AC Theory and Electronics

AC Theory and Electronics AC Theory and Electronics An Alternating Current (AC) or Voltage is one whose amplitude is not constant, but varies with time about some mean position (value). Some examples of AC variation are shown below:

More information

Flexible AC current probes

Flexible AC current probes Flexible AC current probes Making use of the principle of Rogowski coils, the MiniFLEX models are flexible sensors offering a wide dynamic range for measuring AC intensities and viewing high-speed current

More information

Get the 22.2 Superconductor notes (LAST NOTES!!) from the brown table. Jun 7 10:01 AM

Get the 22.2 Superconductor notes (LAST NOTES!!) from the brown table. Jun 7 10:01 AM No clickers & yes calculators. Get the 22.2 Superconductor notes (LAST NOTES!!) from the brown table. Have out pg. 600 17-21 all Jun 7 10:01 AM 22.2 Superconductors A superconductor is a material with

More information

Experiment 7: Undriven & Driven RLC Circuits

Experiment 7: Undriven & Driven RLC Circuits MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY Department of Physics 8.02 Spring 2006 OBJECTIVES Experiment 7: Undriven & Driven RLC Circuits 1. To explore the time dependent behavior of RLC Circuits, both driven

More information

Electricity. AQA Physics topic 2

Electricity. AQA Physics topic 2 Electricity AQA Physics topic 2 Identify circuit components from their symbols. Draw and interpret simple circuit diagrams. Construct a simple electrical circuit. State that resistance restricts the size

More information

not to be republished NCERT ALTERNATING CURRENT Chapter Seven MCQ 1

not to be republished NCERT ALTERNATING CURRENT Chapter Seven MCQ 1 hapter Seven ALTERNATING URRENT MQ 1 7.1 If the rms current in a 50 Hz ac circuit is 5 A, the value of the current 1/300 seconds after its value becomes zero is (a) 5 2 A (b) 5 3/2 A (c) 5/6 A (d) 5/ 2

More information

MEASUREMENTS & INSTRUMENTATION ANALOG AND DIGITAL METERS

MEASUREMENTS & INSTRUMENTATION ANALOG AND DIGITAL METERS MEASUREMENTS & INSTRUMENTATION ANALOG AND DIGITAL METERS ANALOG Metering devices Provides monotonous (continuous) movement. ELECTRICAL MEASURING INSTRUMENTS ANALOG METERS A d Arsonval galvanometer (Moving

More information

11. AC-resistances of capacitor and inductors: Reactances.

11. AC-resistances of capacitor and inductors: Reactances. 11. AC-resistances of capacitor and inductors: Reactances. Purpose: To study the behavior of the AC voltage signals across elements in a simple series connection of a resistor with an inductor and with

More information

I p = V s = N s I s V p N p

I p = V s = N s I s V p N p UNIT G485 Module 1 5.1.3 Electromagnetism 11 For an IDEAL transformer : electrical power input = electrical power output to the primary coil from the secondary coil Primary current x primary voltage =

More information

DVM98. True RMS Digital Multimeter. 1 Safety information. 1.1 Preliminary. 1.2 During use

DVM98. True RMS Digital Multimeter. 1 Safety information. 1.1 Preliminary. 1.2 During use True RMS Digital Multimeter DVM98 1 Safety information This multimeter has been designed according to IEC - 1010 concerning electronic measuring instruments with an overvoltage category (CAT II) and pollution

More information

SF026: PAST YEAR UPS QUESTIONS

SF026: PAST YEAR UPS QUESTIONS CHAPTER 3: ELECTRIC CURRENT AND DIRECT-CURRENT CIRCUITS UPS SEMESTER 2 2011/2012 1. (a) (i) What is meant by electrical resistivity? (ii) Calculate the resistance of an iron wire of uniform diameter 0.8

More information

DVM645BI BENCH MULTIMETER TAFELMULTIMETER MULTIMETRE DE TABLE BANCO MULTÍMETRO TISCHMULTIMETER. User Manual. Gebruikershandleiding

DVM645BI BENCH MULTIMETER TAFELMULTIMETER MULTIMETRE DE TABLE BANCO MULTÍMETRO TISCHMULTIMETER. User Manual. Gebruikershandleiding BENCH MULTIMETER TAFELMULTIMETER MULTIMETRE DE TABLE BANCO MULTÍMETRO TISCHMULTIMETER User Manual Gebruikershandleiding Manuel d'utilisation Gebrauchsanleitung Introduction BENCH MULTIMETER This manual

More information

ELECTRIC CIRCUITS. 1. Which one of the following situations results in a conventional electric current that flows westward?

ELECTRIC CIRCUITS. 1. Which one of the following situations results in a conventional electric current that flows westward? chapter ELECTRIC CIRCUITS www.tutor-homework.com (for tutoring, homework help, or help with online classes) Section 20.1 Electromotive Force and Current Section 20.2 Ohm s Law 1. Which one of the following

More information

Chapter 6: Alternating Current. An alternating current is an current that reverses its direction at regular intervals.

Chapter 6: Alternating Current. An alternating current is an current that reverses its direction at regular intervals. Chapter 6: Alternating Current An alternating current is an current that reverses its direction at regular intervals. Overview Alternating Current Phasor Diagram Sinusoidal Waveform A.C. Through a Resistor

More information

Electromagnetic Induction - A

Electromagnetic Induction - A Electromagnetic Induction - A APPARATUS 1. Two 225-turn coils 2. Table Galvanometer 3. Rheostat 4. Iron and aluminum rods 5. Large circular loop mounted on board 6. AC ammeter 7. Variac 8. Search coil

More information

GEOS / ENST Problem set #Grid Due: Tues. May 17

GEOS / ENST Problem set #Grid Due: Tues. May 17 GEOS 24705 / ENST 24705 Problem set #Grid Due: Tues. May 17 Problem 1: Three-phase power transmission The standard means by which electricity is generated and transmitted in the U.S. is as 3- phase AC

More information

A piece of wire of resistance R is cut into five equal parts. These parts are then connected in

A piece of wire of resistance R is cut into five equal parts. These parts are then connected in Page 221»Exercise» Question 1: A piece of wire of resistance R is cut into five equal parts. These parts are then connected in parallel. If the equivalent resistance of this combination is R', then the

More information

PHYSICS 171 UNIVERSITY PHYSICS LAB II. Experiment 4. Alternating Current Measurement

PHYSICS 171 UNIVERSITY PHYSICS LAB II. Experiment 4. Alternating Current Measurement PHYSICS 171 UNIVERSITY PHYSICS LAB II Experiment 4 Alternating Current Measurement Equipment: Supplies: Oscilloscope, Function Generator. Filament Transformer. A sine wave A.C. signal has three basic properties:

More information

Some Review PSC 4011 : Electricity

Some Review PSC 4011 : Electricity Some Review PSC 4011 : Electricity 1. A) Aluminum E) Plastic B) Copper F) Porcelain C) Germanium G) Silicon D) Nichrome H) Silver Of the above materials, name all those that could be used in each of the

More information

MS8268 HANDHELD DIGITAL MULTIMETER OPERATOR S INSTRUCTION MANUAL

MS8268 HANDHELD DIGITAL MULTIMETER OPERATOR S INSTRUCTION MANUAL MS8268 HANDHELD DIGITAL MULTIMETER OPERATOR S INSTRUCTION MANUAL Table of Contents TITLE PAGE 1. GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS 1 1.1 Precaution safety measures 1 1.1.1 Preliminary 1 1.1.2 During use 2 1.1.3 Symbols

More information

Chapter 12 Electric Circuits

Chapter 12 Electric Circuits Conceptual Physics/ PEP Name: Date: Chapter 12 Electric Circuits Section Review 12.1 1. List one way electric current is similar to water current and one way it is different. 2. Draw a circuit diagram

More information

Autoranging Multimeter Extech EX503

Autoranging Multimeter Extech EX503 User's Guide Autoranging Multimeter Extech EX503 Introduction Congratulations on your purchase of the Extech EX503 Autoranging Multimeter. This meter measures AC/DC Voltage, AC/DC Current, Resistance,

More information

50 Ω Dummy Load for Transmitter testing and experiments

50 Ω Dummy Load for Transmitter testing and experiments 50 Ω Dummy Load for Transmitter testing and experiments Many thanks for purchasing this dummy load, it has been designed to provide constant 50 Ω impedance to a radio transmitter to allow off air tests

More information

... (1) A battery of emf ε and negligible internal resistance is connected in series to two resistors. The current in the circuit is I.

... (1) A battery of emf ε and negligible internal resistance is connected in series to two resistors. The current in the circuit is I. 1. This question is about electric circuits. (a) Define (i) electromotive force (emf ) of a battery. (ii) electrical resistance of a conductor. (b) A battery of emf ε and negligible internal resistance

More information

Some Review PSC 4011 : Electricity

Some Review PSC 4011 : Electricity Some Review PSC 4011 : Electricity 1. A) Aluminum E) Plastic B) Copper F) Porcelain C) Germanium G) Silicon D) Nichrome H) Silver Of the above materials, name all those that could be used in each of the

More information

Using Circuits, Signals and Instruments

Using Circuits, Signals and Instruments Using Circuits, Signals and Instruments To be ignorant of one s ignorance is the malady of the ignorant. A. B. Alcott (1799-1888) Some knowledge of electrical and electronic technology is essential for

More information

1. The coulomb is a unit of. A. charge B. voltage C. energy D. capacitance E. current. 2. The following is not true about voltage:

1. The coulomb is a unit of. A. charge B. voltage C. energy D. capacitance E. current. 2. The following is not true about voltage: BioE 1310 - Review 1 - DC 1/16/2017 Instructions: On the Answer Sheet, enter your 2-digit ID number (with a leading 0 if needed) in the boxes of the ID section. Fill in the corresponding numbered circles.

More information

Instruction Manual for Digital Grounding Resistance Meter. Table of Contents

Instruction Manual for Digital Grounding Resistance Meter. Table of Contents I. Overview...2 II. Open-case Inspection...3 III. Safety Precautions...4 IV. Work Principle...7 V. Appearance Description...9 VI. Technical Characteristics 10 VII. Resistance Measurement Method..12 VIII.Battery

More information

Ch. 18 and 19 Review Problems 2

Ch. 18 and 19 Review Problems 2 Ch. 18 and 19 Review Problems 2 NAME 1) A device that produces electricity by transforming chemical energy into electrical energy is called a A) generator. B) transformer. C) battery. D) none of the given

More information

10 Electromagnetic Interactions

10 Electromagnetic Interactions Lab 10 Electromagnetic Interactions What You Need To Know: The Physics Electricity and magnetism are intrinsically linked and not separate phenomena. A changing magnetic field can create an electric field

More information

Science 9 Electricity Objectives Greene s Study Guide

Science 9 Electricity Objectives Greene s Study Guide Electricity Objective By the end of this unit, students are expected to be able to #1. explain the production of static electrical charges in some common - recognize that electricity is an integral part

More information

Linear electronic. Lecture No. 1

Linear electronic. Lecture No. 1 1 Lecture No. 1 2 3 4 5 Lecture No. 2 6 7 8 9 10 11 Lecture No. 3 12 13 14 Lecture No. 4 Example: find Frequency response analysis for the circuit shown in figure below. Where R S =4kR B1 =8kR B2 =4k R

More information

End-of-Chapter Exercises

End-of-Chapter Exercises End-of-Chapter Exercises Exercises 1 12 are primarily conceptual questions designed to see whether you understand the main concepts of the chapter. 1. The four areas in Figure 20.34 are in a magnetic field.

More information

Chapter 21. Alternating Current Circuits and Electromagnetic Waves

Chapter 21. Alternating Current Circuits and Electromagnetic Waves Chapter 21 Alternating Current Circuits and Electromagnetic Waves AC Circuit An AC circuit consists of a combination of circuit elements and an AC generator or source The output of an AC generator is sinusoidal

More information

DIGITAL MULTIMETER CONTENTS DIGITAL MULTIMETER CONTENTS

DIGITAL MULTIMETER CONTENTS DIGITAL MULTIMETER CONTENTS CONTENTS CONTENTS CONTENTS 1. SAFETY INFORMATION...1 1.1 Preliminary...1 1.2 Dos and don ts...2 1.3 Symbols...3 1.4 Precautions...4 2. DESCRIPTION...5 2.1 Names of parts...6 2.2 Switches, buttons and input

More information

Introduction 1. The Experimental Method

Introduction 1. The Experimental Method 8.02 Fall 2001 A Microwave Generator, Receiver, and Reflector 1 Introduction 1 Hertz first generated electromagnetic waves in 1888, and we replicate Hertz s original experiment here. The method he used

More information

TRANSFORMER THEORY. Mutual Induction

TRANSFORMER THEORY. Mutual Induction Transformers Transformers are used extensively for AC power transmissions and for various control and indication circuits. Knowledge of the basic theory of how these components operate is necessary to

More information

Coil in the AC circuit

Coil in the AC circuit Coil in the AC circuit LEP Related topics Inductance, Kirchhoff s laws, parallel connection, series connection, a. c. impedance, phase displacement, vector diagram Principle The impedance and phase displacement

More information

CH 1. Large coil. Small coil. red. Function generator GND CH 2. black GND

CH 1. Large coil. Small coil. red. Function generator GND CH 2. black GND Experiment 6 Electromagnetic Induction "Concepts without factual content are empty; sense data without concepts are blind... The understanding cannot see. The senses cannot think. By their union only can

More information

HI-Physix Laboratory, L-83, Sector-1, DSIDC Industrial Area, Bawana, Delhi. Discipline Electronics Testing Issue Date

HI-Physix Laboratory, L-83, Sector-1, DSIDC Industrial Area, Bawana, Delhi. Discipline Electronics Testing Issue Date Last Amended on - Page 1 of 14 I. AUDIO EQUIPMENT 1. Audio-Video and Similar Electronics Apparatus Safety Requirement Marking & Instructions Laser Radiation (Products Marked Class I only) Heating under

More information

Conventional Paper-II-2011 Part-1A

Conventional Paper-II-2011 Part-1A Conventional Paper-II-2011 Part-1A 1(a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) (h) The purpose of providing dummy coils in the armature of a DC machine is to: (A) Increase voltage induced (B) Decrease the armature resistance

More information

HAMEG Modular System Series 8000

HAMEG Modular System Series 8000 HAMEG Modular System Series 8000 In many years of practical application the HAMEG Modular System Series 8000 has proven its value to the customer. The advantages of this Modular System have been demonstrated

More information

4. The circuit in an appliance is 3A and the voltage difference is 120V. How much power is being supplied to the appliance?

4. The circuit in an appliance is 3A and the voltage difference is 120V. How much power is being supplied to the appliance? 1 Name: Date: / / Period: Formulas I = V/R P = I V E = P t 1. A circuit has a resistance of 4Ω. What voltage difference will cause a current of 1.4A to flow in the 2. How many amperes of current will flow

More information

Power Supplies. Linear Regulated Supplies Switched Regulated Supplies Batteries

Power Supplies. Linear Regulated Supplies Switched Regulated Supplies Batteries Power Supplies Linear Regulated Supplies Switched Regulated Supplies Batteries Im Alternating Current The Power -Im π/2 π 2π π t Im Idc Direct Current Supply π/2 π 2 π πt -Im ٢ http://bkaragoz.kau.edu.sa

More information

8) Name three more types of circuits that we will not study in this class.

8) Name three more types of circuits that we will not study in this class. Name Concepts:( power ) 1) What is power? 2) What are the three equations for electrical power? 3) What are two units for power? 4) What does the power company sell its customers? 5) What is the unit sold

More information

Lab E2: B-field of a Solenoid. In the case that the B-field is uniform and perpendicular to the area, (1) reduces to

Lab E2: B-field of a Solenoid. In the case that the B-field is uniform and perpendicular to the area, (1) reduces to E2.1 Lab E2: B-field of a Solenoid In this lab, we will explore the magnetic field created by a solenoid. First, we must review some basic electromagnetic theory. The magnetic flux over some area A is

More information

Commercial Microwave Technical Information. CAUTION All safety information must be followed as provided in Service Manual

Commercial Microwave Technical Information. CAUTION All safety information must be followed as provided in Service Manual Commercial Microwave Technical Information 0 V, 0 Hz Models RCS0MPA P00M RCS0A P00M RCS0PBDA P00M RCS0MPSA P00M RFSMPSA P00M RFSSWA P00M RCS0SWA P0M RCS0MPA P0M Due to possibility of personal injury or

More information

CURRENT ELECTRICITY. 1. The S.I. unit of power is (a) Henry (b) coulomb (c) watt (d) watt-hour Ans: c

CURRENT ELECTRICITY. 1. The S.I. unit of power is (a) Henry (b) coulomb (c) watt (d) watt-hour Ans: c CURRENT ELECTRICITY 1. The S.I. unit of power is (a) Henry (b) coulomb (c) watt (d) watt-hour 2. Electric pressure is also called (a) resistance (b) power (c) voltage (d) energy 3. The substances which

More information

Section 18.1 Sources of emf. Section 18.2 Resistors in Series. Section 18.3 Resistors in Parallel

Section 18.1 Sources of emf. Section 18.2 Resistors in Series. Section 18.3 Resistors in Parallel PROBLEMS 1, 2, 3 = straightforward, intermediate, challenging = full solution available in Student Solutions Manual/Study Guide = biomedical application Section 18.1 Sources of emf Section 18.2 Resistors

More information

AC Circuits. Nikola Tesla

AC Circuits. Nikola Tesla AC Circuits Nikola Tesla 1856-1943 Mar 26, 2012 Alternating Current Circuits Electrical appliances in the house use alternating current (AC) circuits. If an AC source applies an alternating voltage of

More information

General Physics (PHY 2140)

General Physics (PHY 2140) General Physics (PHY 2140) Lecture 11 Electricity and Magnetism AC circuits and EM waves Resonance in a Series RLC circuit Transformers Maxwell, Hertz and EM waves Electromagnetic Waves 6/18/2007 http://www.physics.wayne.edu/~alan/2140website/main.htm

More information

OPERATOR S INSTRUCTION MANUAL DIGITAL MULTIMETER

OPERATOR S INSTRUCTION MANUAL DIGITAL MULTIMETER OPERATOR S INSTRUCTION MANUAL DIGITAL MULTIMETER SAFETY INFORMATION This multimeter has been designed according to IEC 1010 concerning electronic measuring instruments with an overvoltage category (CATⅡ)

More information

I = I 0 cos 2 θ (1.1)

I = I 0 cos 2 θ (1.1) Chapter 1 Faraday Rotation Experiment objectives: Observe the Faraday Effect, the rotation of a light wave s polarization vector in a material with a magnetic field directed along the wave s direction.

More information