Antenna. Wave length Km/s

Transcription

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2 Antenna 5% Wave length Km/s 066 velocity factor RG-58 = C = = F : 120

3 Impedance VSWR and Reflected Power SWR VSWR VSWR 2:1 Voltage Standing Wave Ratio VSWR 15:1 15:1 VSWR 100 Watt 1:1 4 Watt 96 Watt 42 Band Width SWR 121

4 150 MHz : 825 MHz 450 MHz : Band Width MHz 39% BW = 100 X Fh Fl Fc BW = 100 X = 39 % Decibel 122

5 A B gain loss B B A A Isotropic dbi dbi = 0 dbd dbd -2 dbq -3 dbc -4 side band peak power dbm 50-5 v 0dB v 50 db v -6 1 v 0 db dbold -7 6mv mv1 VU 123

6 dbm - 30dBw = 0 0dBw = +30dBm dbw V VRMS dbu -9 1 V dbv -10 Milivolt 0dBmv dbmv -11 1mv 75 1mv snow 20 micropascals 1 µpa Sound Pressure Level dbspl -12 Sound Intensity level dbsil / 10^ Sound Power Level 10^ -12 dbswl µpa dbspl dbc / dbb dbc / dba -15 / 1 = 1 0dBj =0dBw/Hz Noise Density dbj µv / m / 1 dbµ femtowatt dbf

7 1Kilowatt dbk -19 0dBfs Digital system dbfs 1-20 analog system overload dbfs dbo bandwidth db-hz dB-Hz = 100Hz Link budget calculation isometric circular dbic -23 reference noise dbrn -24 Directivity and Gain G = x D G D = = = 125

8 Gain measurement { 215 dbi = 0dBd SHF Standard UHF 2 1 VHF } 5 Horn 5W 10 db 144 MHz 37 dbm 95 db 4 dbi 5dBi 8dB 67 dbm cable losses calculation free space losses 126

9 10 Km 4 dbi 5 dbi antenna antenna 37 dbm TX 10 db losses cable Free space losses - 95 db 8 db losses cable - 67 dbm RX transmiter receiver Tx power = 37 dbm = 5 watt Tx Cable losses = 10 db Tx antenna Gain = 4 dbi Free space losses = 20 * Log 10 frequency in MHz + 20 * Log 10 Distance in Miles = -95 db Rx antenna Gain = 5 dbi Rx cable losses = 8 db Rx power = - 67 dbm according to the equation below :- 37 dbm 10 db + 4 dbi 95 db + 5 dbi 8 db = - 67 dbm This equation is used to calculate the losses power From transmitter to receiver through cable & antenna 6-1 System Gain receiver output power sensitivity System Gain = output power + receiver sensitivity 127

10 -113 BER = 150 db 37 db -: Fade margin 20 db Fade Margin = received power - receiver sensitivity 67 dbm = 46 dbm : -: -113dBm : Vertical omni direction dipole yagi UHF VHF %5 / / VE3SQB ELEMENT 128

11 Vertical omni direction : Vertical antenna with ground plane 5/8 Multi bands antenna j pole Supper j pole Slim Jim antenna 1 1\4 Collener Discone Marconi vertical antenna Bazooka antenna dipole isotropic Dipole antenna Multy dipole antenna Inverted V dipole antenna Trap dipole antenna Circular dipole antenna Folded dipole antenna Loop Skye wire antenna Egg Beater antenna Liquid metal antenna /

12 SHF HF yagi antenna Cubical quad antenna Log periodic antenna Helical antenna horn antenna Dish antenna Sectoral antenna Moxon antenna Curtain Quad antenna Vertical antenna : element Ground plane / 4 = 214 dbi 0 dbd 145MHz VHF & UHF project - 1 = X = 196 cm Radiation 49 cm 4 = 49 cm 49 cm / 4 Antenna 4 Ground plane y 45 Hold er coxil Groun d plane

13 Matching coil ground 5/8-2 plane 5/8 122cm y 50ohm coxil 5/8 y Vertical antenna 145MHz SWR VHF UHF 5/8 3/4 8/ ' 3 8 M H z T r a p 6 3 ' 28MHz Trap 28MHz M H z T r a p 2 1 M H z T r a p 2 3 ' 28MHz 57' 21MHz 2 8 M H z T r a p 1 8 ' 57' 18' 5 7 ' 5 B a n d v e r tic a l a n te n n a

14 38' 19' ¾ 5' 3' 1' L T Ground 3' SWR 144MHz J pole - 4 3/4' plane 50 ohm Coxil J pole antenna J Pole inch Tuning section 3 inch gup 38 inch J pole Supper j pole ' U 60 inch 144MHz 3' 19inch 50 ohm Coxil Supper j pole 6-6 Supper J pole antenna 132

15 cup Slim jim 1 1/4-6 Ground plane 38 19' ¾ pipe Teflon 05mm wire 58' 35' 1' pipe /6 3/4 1 SWR dbi PL MHz Slim jim antenna VHF / Slim jim 6-7 collener GHz RG-213 Velocity factor 8 24 GHz

16 / 9 dbi % GHz 400 collener feed point 50 Discone x /4 y screw Insulator Disck 25 to 40 y /4 Coaxial cable PL259/N type Conical Discone Antenna

17 Marconi antenna 9 Ground 2MHz \4 plane 75m 2MHz 2MHz 75m \

18 Bazooka antenna 10 Velocity 145MHz 25 mm PVC tube RG-8 RG factor 49cm RG- 213 Core = 49 CM 1 49cm PVC 34cm feed point 30cm 25mm RG- 213 shield = 34 CM RG = 49 CM Mast 30 CM PL259 connector 145MHz Bazoka Antenna

19 / Insulator / 4 / 4 Copper wire Copper wire / 4 cable 4 = 715 f MHz Meter /

20 MHz 50 ohm RG213 or RG8 SWR 14 MHz 28 MHz RG inverted V 3 90 %4 138

21 Insulator /4 45º 45º /4 /4 Insulator Insulator Earth 6-14 Trap antenna RG 28 MHz & 21 MHz & 14 MHz 21 MHz 28 MHz 139

22 28 MHz /4 21 MHz 14 MHz L1 + L2 + L3 503 m L1 28 MHz L1 + L HF Matching 140

23 16-16 circular dipole antenna 6 VHF & UHF 144 MHz 122 cm 10 cm matching 15 pf 5 40 Variable Capacitor 15 PF Copper pipe 10 mm 122 mm 5 mm Matching 40 mm PL 219 or N type

24 VHF & UHF Folded dipole 7 4:1 6:1 balun : coaxial cable 4: RG

25 Loop Skye wire antenna - 8 /4 DX Omni direction MFJ 28 MHz 7MHz 300 Balun RG59 10m 21 MHz 14MHz 10m 5m HF Antenna tuner 6:1 4: mm Insulator /4 /4 /4 /4 300 cable /4 Must

26 Egg Beater antenna - 9 pattern Vertical Vertical %10 VHF ground plane 4% + UHF F5VIF ON6WG : Nawa 1376 MHz 300 / 1376 = 218 cm + 8 = 226cm 10 mm 72 cm = 545 cm = 1/4 = ground plane 2725 cm = 1/8 = 90 = ¼ x 066 = 36 cm Velocity factor 066 RG cm 40 mm PVC RG58 1/8 100 rink /4 144

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28 Liquid metal antenna -10 LM Antenna Mike Lake KD8CIK SWR Galinstan Galnnistan L Ground plane Compress air Coaxial cable Liquid metal antenna

29 Directional antenna HF Trap Trap Yagi boom radiation element :1 6:1 50 Balun 50 Folded Dipole boom HF 147

30 1 145 MHz 15 SWR DL6WU & VK5DJ 64 deg = 3 db 30 mm 444 mm 444 mm 155 mm 372 mm mm mm 145 MHz 10dBi = 2088 cm = beam width 25 mm = 10 mm = 1446 mm = 1015 mm = 974 mm = 993 mm = 915 mm = mm 906 mm = mm 897 mm = mm 30 mm = 148

31 : 2019 mm = 1009 mm = 25 mm = 50 mm = 459 mm = GF = HI 498 mm = GE = HA 538 mm = HB = GD 1009 mm = HC = GC 50mm 1015mm 993mm 915mm 906mm 897mm 30mm reflector 444mm 155mm 372mm 1446 mm radiator 445mm directors 5 Element 10dB! Folded Dipool Yagi 30mm

32 Cubical quad antenna - 2 2m VHF & UHF gamma tuner SWR 70 cm

33 Log periodic antenna HF & VHF & UHF broad band insulator Coaxial cable Log periodic antenna log periodic

34 VHF & UHF & Micro wave Helical antenna - 4 Anti Clock wise polarization Clock wise polarization PVC 40mm 150mm 40mm : 18dBi 42mm 07mm PVC 24GHz 550mm 130mm 12 1mm U ARRL / Helical

35 VHF& UHF microwave A horn antenna dBi 10GHz

36 Dish antenna - 6 Parabolic : LNB LNB LNB LNB Offset antenna LNB = F = D = d FOCUS D d F = D² 16 d X Y

37 Sect oral antenna x 62mm 2 mm 10mm RG mm RG Mobil GHz PCB PVC N type Balun 4:1 62 mm

38 Moxon antenna 8 Les 360 Forward to back 11 HF Moxon G6XN ratio emition SWR : 55dBi KD6WD : 145 MHz : PVC 156

39 55 dbi 145 MHz VHF

40 Curtain Quad antenna - 9 foil 17dBi Ross Anderson W1HBQ 1 17dBi 24GHz

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42 VHF & UHF 1/4 5/8 1/