Communications in Distributed Intelligent MEMS

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1 Communications in Distributed Intelligent MEMS Julien BOURGEOIS (UFC), Seth Copen Goldstein (CMU/SCS) NaNoNetworking Summit, Barcelona, June 2011 Work is funded by ANR ANR-06-ROBO

2 Outline Introduction The Smart Projects Distributed information management Claytronics Electrostatics communications and actuation Conclusion & perspectives 2 /66

3 Introduction Microtechnology is now a mature technology MEMS can be produced by thousands units Applications: What for? Accelerometers STMicro LIS331DLH 3 /66

4 Introduction Microtechnology is now a mature technology MEMS can be produced by thousands units Applications: What for? Digital Micromirror Device TI 4 /66

5 MEMS Classification MEMS Sensor MEMS Actuator MEMS Sensor/Actuator MEMS Single MEMS Distributed MEMS Single MEMS Distributed MEMS Single MEMS Distributed MEMS Static topology Dynamic topology Static topology Dynamic topology Static topology Dynamic topology Accelerometer DMD 5 /66

topology Dynamic topology Static topology

6 Flow of information Scalability issue Distributed Intelligent MEMS Distributed MEMS Sensor MEMS Actuator MEMS Sensor/Actuator MEMS Static topology Dynamic topology Static topology Dynamic topology Static topology Dynamic topology Output only Input only Input/Output 6 /66

7 Introduction Microtechnology is now a mature technology MEMS can be produced by thousands units Need for embedded intelligence New challenges: Coordination needs distribution paradigm Communication Programming Control Smooth integration of different technologies Scalability up to millions! 1 m 3 of intelligent MEMS -> internet on your table 7 /66

8 Some projects Simple MEMS Remote intelligence MEMS + External PC Integrated intelligence MEMS + FPGA Static Distributed MEMS + Distributed intelligence Mobile Distributed MEMS + Dynamic network topology 8 /66

9 Outline Introduction The Smart Projects Distributed information management Claytronics Electrostatics communications and actuation Conclusion & perspectives 9 /66

Smart Surface Project Objective : Design and realization

mesometric objects 560 micro-actuators, distributed

35 mm² Front-side 22 permanent researchers 5 labs (French

10 Smart Surface Project Objective : Design and realization of a distributed intelligent MEMS to convey and to sort mesometric objects 560 micro-actuators, distributed intelligence actuator surface: ~1mm² matrix surface 35 x 35 mm² Front-side 22 permanent researchers 5 labs (French and Japanese) Back-side Work is funded by ANR ANR-06-ROBO /66

11 Smart Blocks project A MEMS-based modular and self-reconfigurable surface for fast conveying of fragile objects and medicinal products 20 permanent researchers, 4 labs, 1 company Work funded by ANR 11 /66

12 Smart Blocks project Challenges (related to communications): Hardware CMOS and MEMS integration Integrating processing unit, communication network, high voltage circuit in reduced space Software Co-design between distributed computing and control to manage millions of sensors/actuators. Optimization of the physical topology Developing software for computer-aided design of very large multi-domain systems 12 /66

13 Outline Introduction The Smart Projects Distributed information management Claytronics Electrostatics communications and actuation Conclusion & perspectives 13 /66

14 Objectives Managing informations from sensors Distributed differenciation of objects with: Low computing power Low memory size High level of discretization Managing communications Preserving scalability Fault tolerance 14 /66

15 Asynchronous distributed state acquisition Distributed asynchronous state acquisition description via successive approximation method: with and with T(i) the set of times at which sub vector x i is updated 15 /66

controller Valve i on/off sensor i+1 b i 1 k Part reconstruction and differentiation P2P communication s k

16 Integration with control P2P communication on/off sensor i b i k Part reconstruction and differentiation s k Motion u i k controller Valve i on/off sensor i+1 b i 1 k Part reconstruction and differentiation P2P communication s k Motion controller u i 1 k Valve i+1 P2P communication on/off sensor i+2 b i 2 k Part reconstruction and differentiation s k Motion controller u i 2 k Valve i+2 P2P communication /66

17 Outline Introduction The Smart Projects Distributed information management Claytronics Electrostatics communications and actuation Conclusion & perspectives 17 /66

18 Claytronics Real Apple Claytronic Apple 18 /66

19 Claytronics CATOM = Claytonic Atom ~centimeters (2007) ~meters (2006) ~decimeters (2007) ~milimeters (2010) /66

20 Catom (1) Catom: a rolling cylinder. Shell Catom Chip Shell: SiO 2 film + Aluminum Chip: HV SOI CMOS die Shell Chip 20 /66

21 Catom (2) Two types of electrodes: 1) Coupling electrodes 2) Actuation electrodes Chip has two main functions: 1) Power 2) Actuation Coupling Electrodes Actuation Electrodes Actuation Electrodes 21 /66

22 Outline Introduction The Smart Projects Distributed information management Claytronics Electrostatics communications and actuation Conclusion & perspectives 22 /66

23 Electrostatics One mechanism: four functions Adhesion Actuation Communication Power Transfer 23 /66

24 Electrostatics One mechanism: four functions Adhesion Actuation Communication Power Transfer 24 /66

25 Logic 1 0 DATA shifts every T = 100ms /66

26 Logic 1 1 DATA shifts every T = 100ms /66

27 Logic 1 1 DATA shifts every T = 100ms ` /66

28 Logic 1 1 DATA shifts every T = 100ms ` /66

29 Logic ENABLE shifts every T/32 seconds ` 29 /66

30 Logic ENABLE shifts every T/32 seconds ` 30 /66

31 Logic ENABLE shifts every T/32 seconds ` 31 /66

32 Logic ENABLE shifts every T/32 seconds ` 32 /66

33 Logic ENABLE shifts every T/32 seconds ` 33 /66

34 Logic ENABLE shifts every T/32 seconds ` 34 /66

35 Logic ENABLE shifts every T/32 seconds ` 35 /66

36 Logic ENABLE shifts every T/32ms /66

Logic ENABLE shifts every T/32 seconds 0 0 0 1 0 0

37 Logic ENABLE shifts every T/32 seconds ` PULSE Two pulses in T/32 seconds 37 /66

38 Outline Introduction The Smart Projects Distributed information management Claytronics Communications in Claytronics Conclusion & perspectives 38 /66

Conclusion Asynchronous communications better scale Better tolerance to fault Better scalability Easier for developers if communications are hidden Ensemble

39 Conclusion Asynchronous communications better scale Better tolerance to fault Better scalability Easier for developers if communications are hidden Ensemble principle that drives languages developed in Claytronics Having a real working experimental plate-form is still a challenge Cost a lot Needs different skills 39 /66

40 Perspectives Direct (physical) communications are a possibility 40 /66

41 Perspectives Direct (physical) communications are a possibility 41 /66

42 Perspectives Direct (physical) communications are a possibility 42 /66

43 Perspectives Direct (physical) communications are a possibility 43 /66

44 Perspectives Direct (physical) communications are a possibility 44 /66

45 Perspectives Direct (physical) communications are a possibility But this lead to extremely spread-out network topologies 45 /66

46 Perspectives Direct (physical) communications are a possibility But this lead to extremely spread-out network topologies 46 /66

47 Perspectives Direct (physical) communications are a possibility But this lead to extremely spread-out network topologies 47 /66

48 Perspectives Direct (physical) communications are a possibility But this lead to extremely spread-out network topologies => High delay 48 /66

49 Perspectives Wireless ranged communication are much promizing 49 /66

50 Perspectives Wireless ranged communication are much promizing 50 /66

51 Perspectives Wireless ranged communication are much promizing 51 /66

52 Perspectives Wireless ranged communication are much promizing Less hops are needed 52 /66

53 Perspectives Wireless ranged communication are much promizing Less hops are needed 53 /66

54 Perspectives Wireless ranged communication are much promizing Less hops are needed Natural broadcast 54 /66

55 Perspectives Wireless ranged communication are much promizing Less hops are needed Natural broadcast 55 /66

56 Perspectives Wireless ranged communication are much promizing Less hops are needed Natural broadcast 56 /66

57 Perspectives Wireless ranged communication are much promizing Less hops are needed Natural broadcast Largely speed-up information dissemination 57 /66

58 Perspectives Wireless ranged communication are much promizing Less hops are needed Natural broadcast Largely speed-up information dissemination 58 /66

59 Perspectives Wireless ranged communication are promising Integration of electromagnetic nano/micro communications device Challenges still exist, particularly Antenna design (millimeter scale designs simply cannot be scaled down to nano size) Power optimization Creation of a research community in distributed intelligent MEMS -> dmems workshop 59 /66

60 Topics Design, implementation and technologies Control and distributed algorithms Network of distributed sensors and actuators Modelisation, simulation, verification, test and validation Important dates: Deadline for paper submission: October 20th, 2011 Acceptance notification: November 25th, 2011 Camera ready paper due: December 9th, 2011ion Proceedings published by IEEE CPS, special issue of Mechatronics (Elsevier) 60 /66

61 Acknowledgments All Claytronics team, but in particular: Emre Karagozler and David Ricketts, CMU All Smart Surface and Smart Block teams, but in particular Didier El Baz, Vincent Boyer, LAAS/CNRS Nadine Piat, Guillaume Laurent, FEMTO-ST Dominique Dhoutaut, UFC 61 /66

62 Claytronics example CMU/INTEL/UFC 62 /66

Distributed Intelligent MEMS: Progresses and Perspectives

Distributed Intelligent MEMS: Progresses and Perspectives Julien Bourgeois, Seth Copen Goldstein To cite this version: Julien Bourgeois, Seth Copen Goldstein. Distributed Intelligent MEMS: Progresses and