System Impairments Mitigation for NGPON2 via OFDM
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1 System Impairments Mitigation for NGPON2 via OFDM Yingkan Chen (1) Christian Ruprecht (2) Prof. Dr. Ing. Norbert Hanik (1) (1). Institute for Communications Engineering, TU Munich, Germany (2). Chair for Communications, Christian-Albrechts-Universität, Kiel, Germany. 1
2 Outline General Structure of the NGPON2 via OFDM System Impairments under Different Detection Types Comparison: Coherent- and Direct Detection Tradeoff and Outlook of the Two Detection Types Impairments Mitigation via DSP CO-OFDM: Phase Noise, Carrier Frequency Offset & Sampling Frequency Offset Compensation. Compensation for Power Fading PAPR Reduction Experimental Results with Direct Detection Setup Outlook 2
3 Outline General Structure of the NGPON2 via OFDM System Impairments under Different Detection Types Comparison: Coherent- and Direct Detection Tradeoff and Outlook of the Two Detection Types Impairments Mitigation via DSP CO-OFDM: Phase Noise, Carrier Frequency Offset & Sampling Frequency Offset Compensation. Compensation for Power Fading PAPR Reduction Experimental Results with Direct Detection Setup Outlook 3
4 General Structure of the NGPON2 via OFDM Optical Line Terminal (OLT) is further moved close to Central Access Nodes (CAN) Increased service area Ease the management of the network operator Reduce the cost of ONUs. 4
5 Architecture of OFDM Access Network DDO/CO OFDMA TX (OLT) RE Power Splitter DDO/CO ONU (RX) DDO/CO OFDMA RX (OLT) Feeder Fiber RE: reach extend. (no more passive) Distr. Fiber DDO/CO ONU(TX) Requirements: Downstream 40 Gbit/s, Upstream 1Gb/s -> Avg. user; 2.5 Gb/s->Enterprise Passive part (Feeder fiber) should be bridged to 40 km. High splitting ratio to support 256 to 1024 users per feeder fiber Subcarrier dynamic allocation Low cost, low complexity, highly integrated 5
6 Outline General Structure of the NGPON2 via OFDM System Impairments under Different Detection Types Comparison: Coherent- and Direct Detection Tradeoff and Outlook of the Two Detection Types Impairments Mitigation via DSP CO-OFDM: Phase Noise, Carrier Frequency Offset & Sampling Frequency Offset Compensation. Compensation for Power Fading Fiber Nonlinearity Mitigation Experimental Results with Direct Detection Setup Outlook 6
7 System Impairments Analysis Coherent Detection TX/RX LO phase noise LO frequency offset DAC & ADC Modulator Optical Fiber Quantization MZM nonlinearity Fiber linearity Sampling frequency offset IQ imbalance Fiber nonlinearity Roll-Off Effect
8 Structure of CO-OFDM Advantage: Superior transmission performance Disadvantage: Complex setup to realize Compensation for phase noise, etc. 8
9 Structure of Offset SSB-DDO-OFDM Advantage: Cost effective Disadvantage: Guard Band needed Power consumption for transmitting carrier 9
10 Tradeoff and Outlook of the Two Detection Types Focus of the areas of access network: Consumer Product Low cost, low complexity, highly integrated Reliability less important than the core network From the current perspective: DDO-OFDM receiver is the lowest complexity of optical OFDM. The less receiver sensitivity largely decreases the number of supported ONUs. Considering manufacturing factor: The trend for implementing OFDM in access network would be CO-OFDM. Supreme receiver sensitivity enables the support of 1000 ONUs. 10
11 Outline General Structure of the NGPON2 via OFDM System Impairments under Different Detection Types Comparison: Coherent- and Direct Detection Tradeoff and Outlook of the Two Detection Types Impairments Mitigation via DSP CO-OFDM: Phase Noise, Carrier Frequency Offset Compensation for Power Fading Fiber Nonlinearity Mitigation Experimental Results with Direct Detection Setup Outlook 11
12 CO-OFDM: Phase noise & Frequency Offset Compensation Insertion Frequency of Offset RFP: Compensation Intensity (dbm) Where: φ est is the estimated phase noise via filtering out RFP; E r out ( t) = Carrier frequency 2. ( )* stands for conjugation. r Normal RF-pilot in Frequency offset ( t) ( e jϕ est * ) Courtesy of Susmita Adhikari Frequency (GHz) t f Searching Window 12
13 Simulation Results for RF-Pilot compensation Required OSNR (db) QAM variation with FFT QAM 16 QAM 32 QAM 64 QAM 128 QAM 2.7dB Laser Line Width (Hz) Required OSNR(dB) RFP QAM FO 1GHz RFP QAM FO 1GHz RFP QAM FO 5GHz RFP QAM FO 5GHz FO tolerance LineWidth (Hz) 13
14 Compensation for Power Fading The cause of the power fading Due to the low pass characteristic of the DAC, high frequency subcarrier experience more attenuation. 14
15 Compensation for Power Fading For DDO-OSSB transmission, due to the fiber nonlinearity (FWM), new frequency component arises. Due to the square law of the photodiode, frequency domain convolution leads to signal power fading 15
16 Compensation for Power fading What we observed in the lab The low pass filter characteristics of DAC plays a more dominant role in calculating the overall bit error-ratio (BER) across the subcarriers. The power fading due to the fiber nonlinearity decreases when increasing the signal bandwidth. Increasing the gap relieve the FWM B Increasing the signal BW, introducing more chromatic dispersion -> phase mismatching -> FWM Power fading can be compensated via transmitter side pre-emphasis (power loading) with a static pre-emphasis profile across all the subcarriers. 16
17 Compensation for Power fading Power loading profile maintain the average signal power to be the same: 1. Decrease the SNR for subcarrier with less power fading. 2. By allocating more power on highly attenuated subcarriers, overall BER BER performance across the subcarriers are improved. 17
18 Fiber Nonlinearity Compensation DFT-spread: Also known as SC-FDMA in wireless 3GPP standards. Enable to decrease the PAPR of the OFDM signal. 18
19 DFT-Spread Mapping Scheme (I) Interleaved Subcarrier Mapping DFT: M=4 x 1 x 2 x 3 x 4 IDFT: N=16 x 1 x 2 x 3 x 4 Frequency Domain x 1 x 2 x 3 x 4 x 1 x 2 x 3 x 4 x 1 x 2 x 3 x 4 x 1 x 2 x 3 x 4 Time Domain Although Interleaved subcarrier mapping offers the best diversity, it is not practical for Implementation, due to: 1. Data are transmitted across the whole bandwidth, where higher frequency is severally degraded due to DAC. 2. Inefficient usage of IFFT bins. 19
20 DFT-Spread Mapping Scheme (II) Localized Subcarrier Mapping DFT: M=4 x 1 x 2 x 3 x 4 IDFT: N=16 x 1 x 2 x 3 x 4 Frequency Domain x 1 x 2 x 3 x 4 Time Domain : Symbols with a combination of all the mapping symbols with different complex weighting Localized Subcarrier Mapping: 1. Less PAPR reduction gain compare with Interleaved mapping. 2. Can be easily implemented in the current OFDM system. 3. Won t cause dramatically IFFT/FFT bins waste.
21 DFT-spread PAPR Reduction FFT size 1024 DFT size 256 DAC 12GS/s Modulation 16 QAM 21
22 Outline General Structure of the NGPON2 via OFDM System Impairments under Different Detection Types Comparison: Coherent- and Direct Detection Tradeoff and Outlook of the Two Detection Types Impairments Mitigation via DSP CO-OFDM: Phase Noise, Carrier Frequency Offset Compensation for Power Fading Fiber Nonlinearity Mitigation Experimental Results with Direct Detection Setup Outlook 22
23 Experiment Setup I 23
24 Simulation Results: Parameters System Parameter FFT size 1024 Data Subcarrier 230 (22.46%) DAC (8 bits) 12 GS/s TS Overhead 5% QAM 16 CP Overhead 10(0.1%) R Net 10 Gb/s R Nominal (FEC) 10.7 Gb/s (7%) ONU 64 λ α D Fiber Parameter 1550 nm 0.21 db/km 17 ps/(km*nm) S 0 γ 1.2 1/(W*km) RX Parameter Counted Bit Errors
25 Experiment Results I 0.98 db How to further improve the performance without expansion in signal bandwidth? 25
26 Experiment Setup II Trellis Coded Modulation: Rational solution considering cost and performance improvement. 26
27 Experiment Results II TCM Parameter n 4 k 3 Trellis state 8 27
28 Thanks for your attention 28
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