A direction Detective Asymmetrical Twin-core Fiber Curving Sensor

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1 A direction Detective Asymmetrical Twin-core Fiber Curving Sensor An Maowei, Geng Tao *, Yang Wenlei, Zeng Hongyi, Li Jian Key Lab of In-fiber Integrated Optics, Ministry Education of China, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin , China ABSTRACT Long period fiber gratings (LPFGs), which can couple the core mode to the forward propagating cladding modes of a fiber and have the advantage of small additional loss, no backward reflection, small size, which is widely used in optical fiber sensors and optical communication systems. LPFG has different fabricating methods, in order to write gratings on the twin-core at the same time effectively, we specially choose electric heating fused taper system to fabricate asymmetric dual-core long period fiber grating, because this kind of method can guarantee the similarity of gratings on the twin cores and obtain good geometric parameters of LPFG, such as cycle, cone waist. Then we use bending test platform to conduct bending test for each of the core of twin-core asymmetric long period fiber grating. Experiments show that: the sensitivity of asymmetrical twin-core long period fiber grating s central core under bending is -5.47nm m, while the sensitivity of asymmetric twin-core long period fiber grating partial core changed with the relative position of screw micrometer. The sensitivity at 0, 30, 90 direction is -4.22nm m, -9.84nm m, nm m respectively. The experiment results strongly demonstrate the properties of rim sensing of asymmetrical twin-core fiber gratings which provides the possibility of simultaneously measuring the bending magnitude and direction and solving the problem of cross sensing when multi-parameter measuring. In other words, we can detect temperature and bend at the same time by this sensor. As our knowledge, it is the first time simultaneously measuring bend and temperature using this structure of fiber sensors. Key words: long period fiber grating; multi-core fiber; bending test; direction detective. 1. INTRODUCTION Multi-core fiber has multiple functions in choosing optical power, modes and wavelength which are based on the evanescent field light coupling in different core [1], it can be used to fabricate optical filter, fiber laser and special optical generator [2-6]. Multi-core long period fiber gratings can combine advantages of LPFG and Multi-core fiber, it has special merits of settling problem of cross sensing. Fabricating LPFG by using asymmetry multi-core fiber can make the sensor of detecting curve amplitude and direction simultaneously. Because when twin-core long period fiber grating is under bending, different core has different bending extent in different position, which means to different sensitivity. * Corresponding author: gengtao_hit_oe@126.com AOPC 2015: Optical Fiber Sensors and Applications, edited by Yanbiao Liao, Weixu Zhang, Desheng Jiang, Wei Wang, Gilberto Brambilla, Proc. of SPIE Vol. 9679, SPIE CCC code: X/15/$18 doi: / Proc. of SPIE Vol

2 2. THEORETICAL AND EXPERIMENT 2.1 The fabrication of asymmetric TCLPFG We fabricate asymmetric TCLPFG by electric thermal tapering, physically transfer the fiber by miniature high temperature graphite heating elements can write LPFG at different cores simultaneously. We use the method of Seoul Hanyang University [7], taper a big cone(the waist is 125μm) first then write gratings on. The setup of the devices and the whole fabricating process are shown in Fig.1. Supercontinuum sources SMF... =11... Spectrum Analyzers O SMF fiber end tace alignment sy tel end lace alioxcnt stew asymmetrical twin-core fi Fused taper platform Fig.1 Setup of electrical heating tapering asymmetrical twin-core long period fiber grating The cross section of asymmetry twin core fiber is shown in Fig.2. The distance between the twin cores is 44μm. Fig.2 Configuration of cross section of asymmetrical twin-core fiber In Fig.3, the gratings we fabricated has 13 troughs of wave, the distance between every trough which is also called period Λ=1458μm, the width of the waist d=64μm, the diameter of the section without tapering D=95μm. Fig.4 is the side of asymmetric twin-core LPFG. -Al41 raz41--- Dl Dz.. d? d c2 70 so o.s ,5' _.. Raster area along the axial position (mm) Fig.3 The change of diameter along axial direction of asymmetrical twin-core long period fiber grating Proc. of SPIE Vol

3 A -1458µm D=95µm d=64µm Fig.4 Side of asymmetrical twin-core long period fiber grating 2.2 Bending experiment of asymmetric TCLPFG In order to test bending properties of asymmetric TCLPFG, we set the platform like Fig.5 showed [8]. We add fiber rolling fixture to measure asymmetric TCLPFG s bending characters in different directions. Supercontinuum sources Spectrometer Analyzers SMF Micrometer screw Asymmetric dual -core fiber L Asymmetric dual -core long 5g Weight period fiber grating Fixed and rotating platform Fig.5 Bending test principle First, put asymmetric TCLPFG on the platform, connect the fiber with light source on one side and spectrometer on the other side, then hang a 5g weight on the fiber, at last push the micrometer screw and rotate the fiber to do the bending test [9]. During the experiment, we test the asymmetric TCLPFG at its center core and partial core respectively. At first, we take curve measurement at the centre core of asymmetrical twin-core long period fiber grating. Taking measurement at curvature of 0, 0.64m-1, 1.28 m-1, 1.92m-1 and 2.56m-1. The transmission spectrum is shown in Fig.6. We can see that when the curvature is 0, center wavelength is 1509nm. The centre wavelength has a blue-shift with the increase of curvature while the amplitude increases first then decreases with the increase of curvature. Proc. of SPIE Vol

4 _,r^f ' - : '-: c r...: Cm C.64m' C=1.28m' _-.... C=1.92m Fig.6. The transmission spectrum of asymmetrical twin-core long period fiber grating shift with curvature In Fig.7, center wavelength has linear relationship with curvature and the sensitivity of curvature is -5.47nm m ÿ -30 E ' y=-5.47*x RZ= '5 1' Bending curvature(m') Fig.7. The wavelength of asymmetrical twin-core long period fiber grating center core shift with curvature Second, we use rolling device to take curve measurement at the partial core with different angle, and the definition of angle θ is shown in Fig.8. Y A IX Fig.8 Schematic end face of the non-symmetrical pair and the definition of an angle θ We take the test at curvature of m m-1and 1.92m-1 with different θ of 0, 30, 90.The partial core transmission spectrum is shown in Fig.9. We can see that initial center wavelength without curving is 1261nm, The centre wavelength has a blue-shift with the increase of curvature while the amplitude increases first then decreases with the increase of curvature. The linear relationship between center wavelength and curvature is shown in Fig.10, the sensitivity of curvature at three different angles is -4.22nm m, -9.84nm m and nm m respectively. Proc. of SPIE Vol

5 C C.64m -----C=1.28m1-38 ' '60.12'65.12'70.12'75.12'80 _20- _22- _ i32 g -34- H C= C=128m' C=1 92m' '55'12' Fig.9 The transmission spectrum of partial core shift with curvature at 0, 30, 90 C LO L5 2.1 Bending curvature(m') \ K"i C t 1246 p a as Bending curvature(m1) Bending curvature(m1) 2.0 Fig.10 The wavelength of partial core shift with curvature at 0, 30, CONCLUSION The experiment results strongly demonstrate the properties of rim sensing of asymmetrical twin-core fiber gratings which provides the possibility of simultaneously measuring the bending magnitude and direction and solving the problem of cross sensing when multi-parameter measuring. In other words, we can detect temperature and bend at the same time by this sensor. As our knowledge, it is the first time simultaneously measuring bend and temperature using this structure of fiber sensors. 4. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grants Nos , , , , and ), the 111 project (B13015), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities and the Harbin Engineering University REFERENCES [1] Z. Wu, B. Xu, K. Hayashi, A. Machida. Distributed optic fiber sensing for a full-scale PC girder strengthened with prestressed PBO sheets[j]. Engineering Structures, (7):1049~1059P. Proc. of SPIE Vol

6 [2] Kochanowicz. M,Dorosz. D,Zmojda. J,et al. Beam quality of multicore fibre lasers[j]. Acta Phys. Pol. A, (6):1177~1182P. [3] Kurkov. A. S, Babin. S. A, Lobach. I. A, et al. New mechanism of the mode coupling in multi-core fiber lasers[j]. Proc. SPIE, Vol.6873,2008:68731Q-1~9P. [4] Elkin. N. N,Napartovich. A. P, Troshchieva. V. N,et al. Mode competition in multi-core fiber amplifier[j]. Opt. Commun., ( 2):390~396P. [5] De. Matos. C, Taylor. J. Multi-kilowatt all-fiber integrated chirped-pulse amplification system yielding 40 pulse compression using air-core fiber and conventional erbium-doped fiber amplifier[j]. Opt. Express, (3):405~409P. [6] B. Dong, D. Zhou, W. Li, et al. Temperature-and phase-independent lateral force sensor based on a core-offset multi-mode fiber interferometer[j]. Opt. Express, (23):19291~19296P. [7] M.S. Yoon, S.J. Kim, H.J. Kim, and Y.G. Han. Development of micro-tapered long-period fiber gratings written in tapered fibers with different diameters for enhancement of strain sensitivity[j]. Proc. SPIE. Vol.8421, 2012:84213S- 1~4P. [8] Tao Geng, Zhaojun Liu, Wenlei Yang, Renfeng Xue,Shixin Geng, Ye Tian. Research on the bending characteristic of long period fiber grating [J]. Proc. SPIE. Vol.9282, 2014: [9] Rao Yunjiang, Wang Yiping, Zhu Tao. The principle and application of fiber grating [M]. Beijing: Science Press, 2006:303. Proc. of SPIE Vol

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