Seddik Bacha Iulian Munteanu Antoneta Iuliana Bratcu. Power Electronic Converters. and Control. Modeling. with Case Studies.

Transcription

1 Seddik Bacha Iulian Munteanu Antoneta Iuliana Bratcu Power Electronic Converters Modeling and Control with Case Studies ^ Springer

2 Contents 1 Introduction Role and Objectives of Power Electronic Converters in Power Systems Requirements of Modeling, Simulation and Control of Power Electronic Converters Scope and Structure of the Book 4 References 4 Part I Modeling of Power Electronic Converters 2 Introduction to Power Electronic Converters Modeling Models What Is a Model? Scope of Modeling Model Types Switched Models Sampled-Data Models Averaged Models Large-Signal and Small-Signal Models Behavioral Models Examples Use of Models Relations Between Various Types of Models Relations Between Modeling and Control Other Possible Uses of Models Conclusion 24 References 24 xvii

3 xviii Contents 3 Switched Model Mathematical Modeling General Mathematical Framework Bilinear Form Modeling Methodology Basic Assumptions. State Variables General Algorithm Examples Case Study: Three-Phase Voltage-Source Converter as Rectifier Conclusion 47 Problems 48 References 53 4 Classical Averaged Model Introduction Definitions and Basics Sliding Average State Variable Average Average of a Switch Complete Power Electronic Circuit Average Methodology of Averaging Graphical Approach Analytical Approach Analysis of Averaging Errors Exact Sampled-Data Model Relation Between Exact Sampled-Data Model and Exact Averaged Model Small-Signal Averaged Model Continuous Small-Signal Averaged Model Sampled-Data Small-Signal Model Example Case Study: Buck-Boost Converter Advantages and Limitations of the Averaged Model. Conclusion 81 Problems 82 References 95 5 Generalized Averaged Model Introduction Principles Fundamentals Relation with the First-Order-Harmonic Model Relation with Classical Averaged Model Examples Case of a State Variable Case of a Passive Circuit 103

4 Contents xix Case of a Coupled Circuit Switching Functions Methodology of Averaging Analytical Approach Graphical Approach Relation Between Generalized Averaged Model and Real Waveforms Extracting Real-Time-Varying Signal from GAM Extracting GAM from Real-Time-Varying Signal Ill 5.6 Using GAM for Expressing Active and Reactive Components of AC Variables Case Studies Current-Source Inverter for Induction Heating Series-Resonant Converter Limitations of GAM: Example PWM-Controlled Converters Conclusion 138 Problems 139 Appendix 145 References Reduced-Order Averaged Model Introduction Principle General Methodology Example with Alternating Variables: Current-Source Inverter for Induction Heating Example with Discontinuous-Conduction Mode: Buck-Boost Converter Case Studies Thyristor-Controlled Reactor Modeling DC-DC Boost Converter Operating in Discontinuous-Conduction Mode Conclusion 169 Problems 169 References 174 Part II Control of Power Electronic Converters 7 General Control Principles of Power Electronic Converters Control Goals in Power Electronic Converter Operation Specific Control Issues Related to Power Electronic Converters Different Control Families Conclusion 185 References 185

5 xx Contents 8 Linear Control Approaches for DC-DC Power Converters Linearized Averaged Models. Control Goals and Associated Design Methods Direct Output Control Assumptions and Design Algorithm Example of a Buck-Boost Converter Indirect Output Control: Two-Loop Cascaded Control Structure Assumptions and Design Algorithm Example of a Bidirectional-Current DC-DC Converter Two-Loop Cascaded Control Structure for DC-DC Converters with Nonminimum-Phase Behavior Converter Control Using Dynamic Compensation by Pole Placement Assumptions and Design Algorithm Example of a Buck Converter Digital Control Issues Approaches in Digital Control Design Example of Obtaining Digital Control Laws for Boost DC-DC Converter Used in a Photovoltaic Application Case Studies Boost Converter Output Voltage Direct Control by Lead-lag Control Boost Converter Output Voltage Direct Control by Pole Placement Conclusion 229 Problems 230 References Linear Control Approaches for DC-AC and AC-DC Power Converters Introductory Issues Control in Rotating dq Frame Example of a Grid-Connected Single-Phase DC-AC Converter Resonant Controllers Necessity of Resonant Control Basics of Proportional-Resonant Control Design Methods Implementation Aspects Use of Resonant Controllers in a Hybrid <r/f/-slationary Control Frame Example of a Grid-Connected Three-Phase Inverter 265

6 Contents xxi 9.4 Control of Full-Wave Converters Case Study: ^-Control of a PWM Three-Phase Grid-Tie Inverter System Modeling Comments on the Adopted Control Structure Design of the Inner Loop (Current) Controllers Simulations Results Concerning the Inner Loop Design of the Outer Loop (Voltage) Controller Simulations Results Concerning the Outer Loop Conclusion 286 Problems 287 References General Overview of Mathematical Tools Dedicated to Nonlinear Control Issues and Basic Concepts Elements of Differential Geometry Relative Degree and Zero Dynamics Lyapunov Approach Overview of Nonlinear Control Methods for Power Electronic Converters 304 References Feedback-linearization Control Applied to Power Electronic Converters Basics of Linearization via Feedback Problem Statement Main Results Application to Power Electronic Converters Feedback-Linearization Control Law Computation Pragmatic Design Approach Examples: Boost DC-DC Converter and Buck DC-DC Converter Dealing with Parameter Uncertainties Case Study: Feedback-Linearization Control of a Flyback Converter Linearizing Feedback Design Outer Loop Analysis Outer-Loop PI Design Without Taking into Account the Right-Half-Plane Zero Outer-Loop PI Design While Taking into Account the Right-Half-Plane Zero Conclusion 328 Problems 328 References 336

7 xxii Contents 12 Energy-Based Control of Power Electronic Converters Basic Definitions Stabilizing Control of Power Electronic Converters General Nonlinear Case Linearized Case Stabilizing Control Design Algorithm Example: Stabilizing Control Design for a Boost DC-DC Converter Approaches in Passivity-Based Control. Euler-Lagrange General Representation of Dynamical Systems Original Euler-Lagrange Form for Mechanical Systems Adaptation of Euler-Lagrange Formalism to Power Electronic Converters General Representation of Power Electronic Converters as Passive Dynamical Systems Examples of Converter Modeling in the Euler-Lagrange Formalism Passivity-Based Control of Power Electronic Converters Theoretical Background Limitations of Passivity-Based Control Parameter Estimation: Adaptive Passivity-Based Control Passivity-Based Control Design Algorithm Example: Passivity-Based Control of a Boost DC-DC Converter Case Study: Passivity-Based Control of a Buck-Boost DC-DC Converter Basic Passivity-Based Control Design Damping Injection Tuning Study of Closed-Loop Small-Signal Stability Adaptive Passivity-Based Control Design Numerical Simulation Results Conclusion 383 Problems 384 References Variable-Structure Control of Power Electronic Converters Introduction Sliding Surface General Theoretical Results Reachability of the Sliding Surface: Transversality Condition Equivalent Control Dynamics on the Sliding Surface 399

8 Contents xxiii 13.4 Variable-Structure Control Design General Algorithm Application Example Pragmatic Design Approach Supplementary Issues Case of Time-Varying Switching Surfaces Choice of the Switching Surface Choice of the Switching Functions Limiting of the Switching Frequency Case Studies Variable-Structure Control of a Single-Phase Boost Power-Factor-Correclion Converter Variable-Structure Control of a Three-Phase Rectifier as a M1MO System Conclusion 430 Problems 431 References 440 General Conclusion 443 References 444 Index 445