Topic 4 Exam Questions Resistance
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1 IGCSE Physics Topic 4 Exam Questions Resistance Name: 44 marks Q2.A light meter is used to check the light levels during a cricket match. Figure shows a cricket umpire using a light meter. Figure (a) Some light meters use a light-dependent resistor (LDR). Figure 2 shows a circuit in a light meter. Figure 2 What two measurements are needed to determine the resistance of the LDR? Measurement... Measurement 2... What will happen to the current in the circuit if the resistance of the LDR increases? () (b) The table below shows the resistance of the LDR at different light levels. Light level in lux Resistance in ohms What conclusion can you make from this data?
2 A game of cricket may be stopped if the light level falls below 00 lux. What is the potential difference across the LDR when the light level is 00 lux? Use information from Figure 2 and the table above. Potential difference =... V () (Total 6 marks) Q3. The diagram shows a simple circuit. (a) The circuit includes an LDR. What do the letters LDR stand for? Draw a ring around your answer. Light-dependable resistor light-dependent resistor light-direct resistor () (b) The graph shows how the resistance of an LDR changes with light intensity. Describe in detail how the resistance of the LDR changes as the light intensity increases from 0 to 50 lux
3 (3) (c) Complete the following sentence by drawing a ring around the correct line in the box. decrease A decrease in the light intensity of light on the LDR will not change the reading on the ammeter. increase () ii) Give a reason for your answer to part (c). () d) An LDR can be used to switch a circuit on and off automatically. In which one of the following would an LDR be used? Put a tick () in the box next to your answer. a circuit to switch on central heating when it gets cold a circuit to switch on security lighting when it gets dark a circuit to switch on a water sprinkler when the soil in a greenhouse is dry () (Total 7 marks) Q4.A bicycle light uses three light-emitting diodes (LEDs). By blackplastic [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Flickr (a) The bicycle light has three LEDs connected in parallel. Two.5 volt cells are used in series as an electrical power supply. One switch is used to turn on all three LEDs at the same time. Complete the circuit diagram to show how all the components are connected. Use the correct circuit symbols.
4 (3) (b) The diagrams show the electrical characteristics for a filament bulb and an LED. Filament bulb LED Use the graphs to compare the electrical characteristics of a filament bulb and an LED. For each difference you should refer to the characteristics of both the filament bulb and the LED. (3) Many car makers are using a set of LEDs in car lights instead of using a filament bulb. The table shows information on the characteristics of a set of LEDs and a filament bulb. Set of LEDs Filament bulb Cost Life span hours 000 hours Power consumption 5W 2W Power output (light) 3W 3W Car makers are increasing the use of sets of LEDs for cars instead of using filament bulbs.
5 Use the information in the table to give advantages and disadvantages of the change to using LEDs. (4) (Total 0 marks) Q.(a) Figure shows the apparatus used to obtain the data needed to calculate the resistance of a thermistor at different temperatures. Figure Power supply In the box below, draw the circuit symbol for a thermistor. () Use the data given in Figure to calculate the resistance of the thermistor at 20 C. Resistance =... ohms (iii) Figure 2 shows the axes for a sketch graph. Complete Figure 2 to show how the resistance of the thermistor will change as the temperature of the thermistor increases from 20 C to 00 C. Figure 2 Temperature in C () (iv) Which one of the following is most likely to include a thermistor?
6 Tick ( ) one box. An automatic circuit to switch a plant watering system on and off. An automatic circuit to switch an outside light on when it gets dark. An automatic circuit to switch a heating system on and off. () (b) The ammeter used in the circuit has a very low resistance. Why is it important that ammeters have a very low resistance? () (c) The table below gives the temperature of boiling water using three different temperature scales. Temperature Scale 00 Celsius ( C) 22 Fahrenheit ( F) 80 Réaumur ( Re) Scientists in different countries use the same temperature scale to measure temperature. Suggest one advantage of doing this () (d) A student plans to investigate how the resistance of a light-dependent resistor (LDR) changes with light intensity. The student starts with the apparatus shown in Figure 2 but makes three changes to the apparatus. One of the changes the student makes is to replace the thermistor with an LDR. Describe what other changes the student should make to the apparatus (Total 9 marks)
7 Q2.(a) A student set up the circuit shown in the diagram. The student uses the circuit to obtain the data needed to plot a current - potential difference graph for a diode. Draw, in the boxes, the circuit symbol for a diode and the circuit symbol for a variable resistor. Diode Variable resistor ii) The student made two mistakes when setting up the circuit. What two mistakes did the student make? (b) After correcting the circuit, the student obtained a set of data and plotted the graph below. Potential difference in volts At what potential difference did the diode start to conduct an electric current?
8 ... V () Use data from the graph to calculate the resistance of the diode when the potential difference across the diode is 0.3 V. Resistance =... ohms (3) (c) The diagram shows the trace produced by an alternating current (a.c.) supply on an oscilloscope. Each horizontal division on the oscilloscope screen represents a time of 0.0s. Calculate the frequency of the a.c. supply. Frequency =... hertz A diode is now connected in series with the a.c. power supply. Why does the diode cause the trace on the oscilloscope screen to change? (Total 2 marks)
9 M2.(a) current (through the LDR) in either order accept amount of amps potential difference / voltage across the LDR accept amount of volts across the LDR decrease (b) as the light level increases by a factor of 0 the resistance reduces by a factor of 5 allow for mark as the light level increases the resistance decreases [6] M3. (a) a light-dependent resistor (b) any three from: resistance starts at 500 (kilohms) (resistance) falls rapidly as intensity increases from 0 accept resistance falls accept brightness for intensity (resistance) halves between 0 and 20 lux (resistance) falls slightly between 20 and 50 lux or (resistance) almost constant / levels out between 20 and 50 lux at 50 lux, resistance = 0 (kilohms) for full credit the word resistance must be used correctly at least once an answer resistance falls as intensity increases gains 2 marks - this may be combined with one of the bullet point marks for full credit
10 3 (c) decrease resistance increases this can score without (c) (d) A circuit to switch on security lighting when it gets dark. [7] M4.(a) 3 correct LED symbols in correct direction max 2 if clear gap / break in circuit parallel circuit with 3 branches do not award this mark if there is a short circuit switch that can turn all components on / off (b) any three from: allow voltage for p.d. throughout the current can flow both ways through a bulb and only way in an LED for each mark a difference should include a reference to both LED and bulb current changes with (all) p.d. for the bulb but current changes for only some p.d. for LED current changes at varying rate for bulb current changes at constant rate for LED the diode has a very high resistance in one direction and the resistance in the bulb varies with current (in both directions) the resistance of a bulb increases with current / p.d. but the LED
11 resistance decreases after a certain pd. the bulb obeys Ohms law for a small range of p.d. the LED does not 3 any four from: Advantages lasts longer max 3 for advantages lower power consumption allow lower current same power / light output if no reference to power consumption / output allow mark for more energy efficient less heat transfer to surroundings allow less energy is wasted allow don t get as hot less waste (from broken bulbs) less cost per hour Disadvantages higher (initial) cost lower sales / profit from replacement bulbs M.(a) no increase in power / light output 4 [0] 360 allow mark for correct substitution, ie 9 = R 2 (iii) sketch graph of correct shape, ie (iv) An automatic circuit to switch a heating system on and off.
12 (b) so ammeter reduces / affects current as little as possible accept so does not reduce / change the current (it is measuring) accurate reading is insufficient not change the resistance is insufficient (c) gives a common understanding accept is easier to share results accept can compare results do not need to be converted is insufficient prevent errors is insufficient (d) replace Bunsen (and water) with a lamp accept any way of changing light level replace thermometer with light sensor accept any way of measuring a change in light level datalogger alone is insufficient [9] M2.(a) symbol for a diode accept symbol for a variable resistor voltmeter is in series or voltmeter is not in parallel ammeter is in parallel or ammeter is not in series accept an answer in terms of how the circuit should be corrected voltmeter and ammeter are wrong way around is insufficient (b) 0.2 (V) accept any value between 0.20 and 0.2 inclusive
13 37.5 allow mark for I = or allow 2 marks for correct substitution, ie 0.3 = R or allow mark for a correct substitution using I = 0.8 or I = 0.08or I = or allow 2 marks for answers of or 3.75 or 33(.3) 3 (c) 25 allow mark for obtaining period = 0.04(s) 2 diode has large resistance in reverse / one direction so stops current flow in that / one direction allow diodes only let current flow one way / direction allow mark for the diode has half-rectified the (a.c. power) supply [2]
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