Application and Commissioning Manual for Numerical Over Current Protection Relays Type MIT 121/131 CONTENTS PAGE APPLICATION 2-4 INSTALLATION 5-11

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2 Application and Commissioning Manual for Numerical Over Current Protection Relays Type MIT 121/131 CONTENTS PAGE APPLICATION 2-4 INSTALLATION 5-11 COMMISSIONING DRAWINGS

3 1. INTRODUCTION APPLICATION The MIT121 / MIT131 is micro-controller based numerical TRUE RMS single pole directional over current protection with voltage polarization and the relay will operate depending on the direction of fault current and relay setting. Moreover, supervisory components and self-monitoring features give high confidence of serviceability. M I T 121 M I T 131 Single pole directional over current protection Relay Single pole directional over current protection Relay with DC transient free High set. 1.1 MULTIPLE CHARACTERISTICS MIT121 / MIT131 relay is suitable for various inverse characteristics and also for definite time lag characteristic, any one of them can be selectable at site. Standard Inverse characteristic - SI 3 theoretical operating time is 3 seconds at 10 times current setting at time multiplier setting (TMS) Standard Inverse characteristics - SI 1 theoretical operating time is 1.3 seconds at 10 times current setting at time multiplier setting (TMS) Very Inverse characteristic - VI curve is suited to networks where there is a significant reduction in fault current as the distance from the source increases. The operating time is shorter for large fault currents and increases at a greater rate as the fault current decreases. This permits the use of the same time multiplier setting for several relays in series. Extremely Inverse characteristic - EI is very much useful to grade the relay with the fuse and applications where short duration transients over currents occur. e.g. motor starting or reacceleration. Long time Inverse characteristic - LTI is generally used for Standby Fault protection for Neutral / Ground Earthing Resistor. The same characteristics can be used to guard against overheating / over loading protection, when it matches with thermal characteristics of the motor, generator, transformer or capacitor banks. Definite Time Lag characteristic - DTL is used for grading the system where source impedance determines fault current level and the fault current does not vary to a considerable amount down the length of the line. 1.2 DIRECTIONAL ELEMENT The directional element detects the direction of the fault. If the fault direction is with in the directional element boundary the IDMTL element starts timing. 2

4 1.3 DC TRANSIENT FREE HIGHSET On transmission lines or transformer feeders where the source impedance is small compared with the protection circuit, to reduce the tripping time at high fault level the highset instantaneous over current element is used in addition to the inverse time over current element. The MIT 131 relay is provided with highset over current elements. Depending upon the point on wave switching of the fault and the X/R ratio of the system, the initial current may have DC offset. The highset over current unit being instantaneous one, it should not over reach due to initial DC offset current though it may exceed the highset pick-up value. The MIT 131 relay is provided with the DC transient free highset instantaneous elements, which will not over reach for DC transient condition. 1.4 RESET TIME DELAY The increasing use of plastic cables, both, conventionally buried types and aerial bundled conductor types have given rise to the number of "pecking" or "flashing" intermittent faults on distribution systems. At the fault position, the plastic melts and temporarily reseals the faulty cable for a short time, after which the insulation falls again. The same phenomenon has occurred in joint boxes where an internal flashover temporarily reseals. The behavior of different types of over current relays under flashing fault condition is compared in Fig.1. The repeating process often caused electromechanical disc relays to "ratchet up and eventually trip the faulty circuit provided that the reset time of the relay was longer than the time between successive flashes. Early electronic IDMTL relays with instantaneous reset features were not at all effective in dealing with this condition and only tripped after the flashing fault had developed into a solid permanent fault. To overcome this the MIT relay has a reset time setting which can be user programmed to be either instantaneous or delayed from 1 to 60 seconds. On the other hand, on overhead line networks, particularly where reclosers are incorporated in the protected system, instantaneous resetting is desirable to ensure that, on multiple shot reclosing schemes, correct grading between the source relays and the relays associated with the reclosers is maintained. FAULT CURRENT Flashing Faults Fault becomes permanent ELECTROMECHANICAL SLOW RESET TRIP STATIC INSTANTANEOUS RESET TRIP NUMERICAL (MIT) DELAYED RESET TRIP Figure 1 Flashing Fault Protection 3

5 1.5 LIGHTLY LOADED SYSTEMS The lower range of the current setting is available in the MIT relay setting makes the relay suitable for lightly loaded system. The setting can be changed to higher value when the system load is upgraded. 1.6 PARALLEL OR RING FEEDER PROTECTION The directional element can be set for Forward or Reverse direction with wide range of required MTA suitable for protection of Parallel or Ring Feeder Protection. 1.7 RELAY CHARACTERISTIC a. Phase fault 90 connection 45 lead The recommended connection for phase fault is 90 i.e. R phase relay is polarised with YB voltage. 45 -lead characteristic gives MTA when current leads the voltage by 45. Refer Fig. 4 for connection diagram. Other connection and characteristic angles are also possible by selecting appropriate input and MTA angle. b. Earth fault Characteristic The relay should be polarised with open delta voltage for directional determination and the relay MTA angle can be selected base on type of grounding. Normally 15 lag MTA & 45 lag MTA settings are recommended for resistive grounding and solid grounding respectively. 4

6 1.1 UNPACKING INSTALLATION On receipt, remove the relay from the carton box in which it was received and inspect it for obvious damage. It is recommended that the relay is not removed from the relay case. To prevent the possible ingress of dirt, the sealed polythene bag should not be opened until the relay is to be used. If damage has been sustained, please inform Easun Reyrolle Ltd., for necessary action. 1.2 STORAGE When the relay is not required for immediate use, it should be returned to its original carton and stored in a clean dry place. 1.3 HANDLING The relay's electronic circuits are protected from damage by static discharge when the relay is housed in its case. When relay is withdrawn from the case, static handling procedures should be observed: Before removing the relay from its case the operator must first ensure that he is at the same potential as the relay, by touching the case. The relay must not be handled by any of the relay terminals at the rear of the chassis. Ensure that anyone else handling the relay is at the same potential. As there are no user serviceable parts and adjustable user settings inside the relay, there should be no requirement to remove any modules from the chassis. If any module is removed or tampered with, then the guarantee will be invalidated. 1.4 MOUNTING Mount the relay using 2 nos. mounting straps and 1no earth strap. Ensure that an earth wire is connected to the earth strap from the earth terminal 23. Terminal 23 should be directly connected to the system ground. Only settings or trip details can be accessed via the pushbuttons when the cover is fitted. To change the settings the front cover has to be removed. Sealing arrangement is provided in one of the four knurling screws fitted on the cover. Sealing can be done using a sealing wire. Thus mechanical interlock is provided to avoid unauthorized setting change. 2. EQUIPMENT 2.1 CURRENT TAP SELECTION MIT relays are suitable for 1A or 5A application. However the relays are internally wired for either 1A or 5A as per the customer requirement. Internal wiring are to be changed (Fast on crimp connections) for changing the relay rating from one to other. 5

7 To ensure the current rating of the relay, check the connection of CT wires connected to the bottom TB (Terminal Block) at the rear of the chassis as per the following table: For 1A Phase Terminal No. of TB Ferrule No. of CT wire(black) Phase 9 9A For 5A Phase Terminal No. of TB Ferrule No. of CT wire(black) Phase 9 9B Following are the steps to change the current rating of the relay from 1A to 5A. th 1) Identify 9 terminal from number strip on bottom terminal block at the rear of the chassis. 2) The black colour wire 9A is inserted to 9th terminal of TB. 3) First, carefully lift the PVC boot of the wire by means of a tool (like nose pliers) to expose terminal 9A. 4) Hold the crimp by means of the same tool at the crimp point and lift to remove from the fixed terminal. Remove the 9B wire from the terminal parking rack (fixed on terminal block) and insert the crimp of 9B wire on to the terminal No.9 by means of the tool. Insert "9A" wire back to the terminal parking rack. 5) Ensure proper insertion of 9B wire by pulling the wire by hand and the wire should not come off the terminal. 6) Push the boot of 9B wire, to completely cover the crimp. Same procedure in reverse is to be followed to change from 5A to 1A using appropriate wire numbers 2.2 VOLTAGE INPUT MIT directional relays are suitable for AC 110 V application. V phase Terminal No. 11 & V neutral Terminal No

8 2.3 HUMAN MACHINE INTERFACE (HMI) The user friendly HMI provided on the front panel has following features: 1. Six digit, 7 segment LED display (First two digits are Red colour and other four digits are Green colour). First two digits (Red) displays the main menu when selected for setting mode. Remaining four digits (Green) displays Sub menu or "Trip" indication respectively. 2. Green LED - Protection healthy indication 3. Yellow LED (STARTER) - Starter indication 4. Yellow LED (DIRECTION) - Direction is favorable for tripping indication 5. Red LED (TRIP) - Trip indication, 6. Red LED (in Þ key) - Sub Menu 7. Ý Key - Up scrolling 8. ß Key - Down scrolling 9. Þ Key - Sub menu 10. X Key - Enter / Reset / Cancel / To check Version 3.0 SETTING INSTRUCTIONS 3.1 HOW TO OPERATE HMI Remove the front cover by unscrewing the four knurling screws. Apply DC supply. Terminals 22, 24 and 23 are for positive, negative and earth respectively as per relay rating. When the relay powers up it takes few seconds to complete the self-check routing. Ensure Protection Healthy LED (Green) is ON and busy indication appears on the LED display unit. Wait until the busy indication goes off. Press Ý or ß key nni t l2 is displayed nni t l2 Represents MIT 121 relay nni t l3 Represents MIT 131 relay Press ß key repeatedly scrolls down the Factory setting Main menu in the following order on the display. C 5I 3 - Characteristics setting is Standard Inverse 3.0 Sec I I00 - Current setting is 100% 7

9 t I Time multiplier setting is d off - Directional is OFF rt 0 - Reset time delay is 0 Sec H off - Highset is OFF 3.2 SELECT CHARACTERISTICS Pressing ß key repeatedly get C 5I3 Main menu, press Submenu Þ key, 3mm LED in the Key Lit to indicate that the Sub menu is activated. Pressing ß key repeatedly the Sub menu will scroll down in the following order on the display. 5I 3 5II UI EI Lt I dt I - Standard Inverse 3.0 Sec characteristics - Standard Inverse 1.3 Sec characteristics - Very Inverse characteristics - Extremely Inverse characteristics - Long Time Inverse characteristics - Definite Time Lag characteristics By pressing Ý or ß key choose the desired characteristic and press Þ key. Now the Submenu LED goes OFF and the Main menu appears on the LED display. 3.3 CURRENT SETTING Setting range: 5% to 250% insteps of 5% Pressing ß key repeatedly get I I00 Main menu (represents the current setting has been set to 100%), press Þ key (Submenu LED On) to get the Sub menu. Pressing Ý or ß key changes the current setting in 5% increment or decrement. Upon selecting the desired setting, once again press the Þ key (Sub menu LED goes OFF) to return to the main menu. 3.4 TIME SETTING / TIME MULTIPLIER SETTING If characteristic is selected as Definite Time Lag, the Time setting range is Sec to Sec in steps of 0.01Sec. If characteristic is selected as Inverse, the Time Multiplier setting range is to in steps of

10 For Inverse Characteristics Pressing ß key repeatedly get t I.000 Main menu (represents Time Multiplier setting has been set to 1.000), press Þ key (Submenu LED On) to get the Sub menu. Pressing ß or Ý key changes the time setting by increment or decrement. Upon selecting the desired setting, once again pressing Þ key (Sub menu LED goes OFF) to return to the main menu. For Definite Time Lag Characteristics Pressing ß key repeatedly get t main menu (represents Time setting has been set to 3.00 Secs), press Þ key (Submenu LED On) to get the Sub menu. Pressing ß or Ý key changes the time setting by 0.01Seconds increment or decrement. Upon selecting the desired setting, once again press the Þ key (Sub menu LED goes OFF) to return to the main menu. 3.5 DIRECTIONAL SETTING Directional setting: Forward, Reverse, OFF Pressing ß key repeatedly get d off main menu (represents directional has been set to off), press Þ key (Submenu LED On) to get the Sub menu. Pressing the ß key repeatedly the Sub menu will scroll down in the following order on the display. d off - Direction setting is OFF d Frd - Direction setting is Forward d reu - Direction setting is Reverse Upon selecting the desired directional setting, once again press the Þ key (Sub menu LED goes OFF) to return to the main menu CHARACTERISTICS ANGLE SETTING Characteristics Angle setting range: 1 to 90 lead insteps of to 90 lag insteps of 1 The Characteristics angle menu will not appear in the display when the Directional setting is chosen to "OFF Pressing ß or Ý repeatedly get dald 45 main menu (represents Characteristics angle has been set to 45 lead). Press Þ key (Submenu LED On) to get the sub menu. Pressing Ý or ß key continuously, changes the Characteristics angle setting by 1 increments or decrements. When the angle setting reach to dald 90 main menu (represents Characteristics angle has been set to 90 lead) and still pressing the Ý key the menu will be changed to dal 990 (represents Characteristics angle has been set to 90 lag) and further continuous Ý key pressing the Lag angle will be decremented by 1, when reaching dal 9 I (represents Characteristics angle has been set to 1 lag) and pressing Ý key the setting changes to da 0 (represents Characteristics angle has been set to 0 ) 9

11 Upon selecting the desired characteristics angle setting, once again press the Þ key (Sub menu LED goes OFF) to return to the main menu. 3.6 RESET TIME Setting range: 0 Sec to 60 Sec in steps of 1 Sec. Pressing ß key repeatedly get rt 0 Main menu (represents reset time has been chosen as 0 sec). Press Þ key (Submenu LED On) to get Submenu. Pressing Ý or ß key, changes reset time delay by 1 second for each pressing. After selecting the desired setting, once again press the Þ key (Sub menu LED goes OFF) to get back the main menu. The recommended setting is 0sec. 3.7 HIGHSET (FOR MIT 131 TYPE ONLY) Setting range: 50% to 2500% in steps of 50%. From H off Main menu, Press Þ key (Submenu LED On) to get Submenu. Pressing Ý or ß key, changes highset value by 50% increments. After selecting the desired setting, once again press the Þ key (Sub menu LED goes OFF) to return to the main menu. When we select High set mode, automatically Directional High set mode will enable. In this mode we can select Directional High set is ON or OFF. 3.8 ACCEPTANCE OF SETTINGS (ENTER) For the relay to accept the above setting changes press X key once, now the display goes off and the settings are updated. By pressing any key again nni t I2 Indication will appear Ensure all the chosen settings are as per requirements. In case of any changes required use Sub menu key and then do the changes and finally press enter X key once. ENSURE TO PRESS 'X' KEY TO ACCEPT THE CHANGES 3.9 TO CHECK THE RELAY VERSION Press X key four times, example of relay version display is as follows: I2 I.00 I - Represent M I T 121 relay version 1 I3 I.00 I - Represent M I T 131 relay version 1 To get back the main menu, press Ý or ß key. 10

12 4. TO CANCEL SETTING WHILE CHANGING (CANCEL) While the particular setting is being changed (using Ý or ß key) with Submenu LED ON, by pressing X key, the original setting is restored 5. TRIP INDICATION AND RESETTING OF TRIP INDICATION (RESET) When the relay operates, RED " TRIP" LED indicates tripping. To find which element operated press Ý or ß key. There is possibility for the following display after the trip, I tri P Indicates Over current trip. H tri P Indicates Highset trip. Once the fault is cleared, press X key twice to reset the trip indication. The trip indication and settings will be retained in Non - volatile memory during auxiliary DC power supply failure. 6. CT RATING Pull out the relay from relay box and ensure the required current transformer tapping (1Amp/5Amp) is inserted into live terminal 9. 1Amp tapping is ferruled with 9A and 5Amp tapping is ferruled with 9B. Terminal No.10 is common for both 1Amp and 5Amp. 11

13 COMMISSIONING 1. REQUIRED TEST EQUIPMENT'S 500V insulation test sets. Variable secondary injection current source rated 10A or greater. Variable voltage source. Phase shifting transformer and phase angle meter. Time interval meter. Primary injection equipment. A DC supply with a nominal voltage within the working range of the relays DC auxiliary supply ratings. 2. INSPECTION Ensure that all connections are tight and in accordance with the relay wiring diagram and the scheme diagram. Check if the relay is correctly programmed and the relay is fully inserted into the case. 3. APPLYING SETTINGS The relay settings for the particular application should be applied before any secondary testing is started. 4. PRECAUTIONS Before testing commences, the equipment should be isolated from the current transformers and the CT's to be short-circuited, in line with the local site procedures. The tripping and alarm circuits should also be isolated, where practical. Also, ensure that trip links are removed. Ensure that correct DC auxiliary voltage and polarity is applied. See the relevant scheme diagrams for the relay connections. 5. TESTS 5.1 INSULATION Connect together all relay C.T. terminals and measure the insulation resistance between these terminals and all of the other relay terminals connected together and to earth. Connect together all relay V.T. terminals and measure the insulation resistance between these terminals and all of the other relay terminals connected together and to earth. Connect together the terminals of the DC auxiliary supply (only +ve and -ve) and measure the insulation resistance between these terminals and all of other terminals connected together and to earth. Connect together all the output relay terminals and measure the insulation resistance between these terminals and all of other terminals connected together and to earth. 12

14 Satisfactory values for the various readings depend upon the amount of wiring concerned. Where considerable multi-core wiring is involved a reading of 2.5 to 3.0 megohms can be considered satisfactory. For short lengths of wiring higher values can be expected. A value of 1.0 megohm should not be considered satisfactory and should be investigated. 5.2 SECONDARY INJECTION Select the required relay configuration and settings for the application. Note that the MIT relay can be connected either as 1A or 5A rated device. The user should check this before commencing secondary testing. Please refer Sec in Installation a. Pick up and Reset The test checks the accuracy of the current settings for the relay's main over current characteristics. Apply single-phase current into the current inputs. Slowly increase the current until the starter LED (yellow) operates and record the pick up current in Table 1. Reduce the current until the LED goes off and record this as the reset level. Check all the pick up current levels are measured within % or + 10 ma of the applied setting value. Check the reset levels are > 94% of pickup value. POLE PICK-UP SETTING MEASURED PICK-UP PICK-UP ERROR MEASURED PICK-UP RESET ERROR PHASE TABLE 1 b. IDMTL / DTL Characteristics This test checks the accuracy of the main time delay characteristics (IDMTL / DTL). Select the relay current setting, characteristics and time multiplier setting as required and then inject a level of current which is a multiple of the relay setting. A time interval meter should be connected to the correct output contact terminals. The timer should be started by the source and stopped by the relay trip contacts. A secondary injection timing test circuit is illustrated in Fig. 2. The secondary injection test equipment should be made 'OFF', once the relay contact is closed Table 2 shows theoretical value of each characteristic with time multiplier set to Record the actual results in Table 3 and check that the measured times lies within + 5% of the theoretical value. For DTL characteristics check the measured operating time lies with in + 1% of the setting. 13

15 CURVE 2xIs 5 x Is 10 x Is 20 x Is SI SI EI VI LTI DTL * * * * * USER SETTING TABLE 2 Pole Characteristic 2xls 5xls 10xls 20xls (SI3, SI1, EI, DTL Delay Error Delay Error Delay Error Delay Error VI, LTI) (5%) (5%) (5%) (5%) Phase c. Highset TABLE 3 Program the current settings for the highset characteristics to the required level. Inject a level of current below the setting of the relay, then increase the current until the output operates. Record the pick up level in Table 4. and confirm that it occurs within 100% + 4% or + 10 ma of applied setting. When the highset setting is above the continuous thermal rating of the relay, care should be taken, such that the duration of the applied current should not damage the relay. Refer catalogue for thermal rating. POLE Phase HIGHSET SETTING MEASURED PICK-UP ERROR TABLE 4 14

16 d. Output relays 1.Starter - C/O This contact to be used whiles testing the pick up and reset value of the relay. 2.IDMTL 1N/O contacts This contact to be used while testing the IDMTL characteristics. 3.Highset 1 N/O contacts This contact to be used while testing the highset characteristic. 4. Alarm - 1 N/O contact 5. Trip - 1 N/O contact 6. Protection Unhealthy - 1 N/C contact 5.3 DIRECTIONAL TESTING The following test deal specifically with directional functionality. Note that the directional response for each characteristic (e.g. IDMTL, Highset etc.) is programmable, and may be selected as either non-directional, forward or reverse on the requirement of the scheme. The 'Directional Control' settings should now be correctly programmed. Firstly remove the voltage fuses and check that the magnitude and phase sequences of the system voltages are correct DIRECTIONAL POLARITY CHECK This test checks for correct polarity of the directional circuits. Using the phase sequence indicator, first check that the phase sequence of the voltage in the relay is correct and see by inspection that the phasing of the connections is correct. Check the magnitudes of the voltage transformer voltage. Pass a single phase load current of about 25% or more of the current rating of the relay as per table no 5 and see that the directional elements operate or restrain depending upon the direction of flow of the primary current. If the flow of current is such that the relay should operate, see that in fact it does operate, then reverse the connections to the current coils and see that the relay restrains. If the flow of current is such that the relay should restrain, see that in fact it does restrain, then reverse the connections to the current coils and see that the relay operates. This test is based on the assumption that the load current has a normal power factor. 15

17 I phase I neutral V phase V neutral Phase Table 5. Terminal Details for directional polarity test CHECK THE OPERATING ANGLE OF THE DIRECTIONAL ELEMENT The maximum torque angle of a directional relay is defined as the phase angle between the current in the current coil and the voltage applied to the voltage coil at which the relay develops maximum torque. The available maximum torque angles are: - 1 to 90 lead in steps of to 90 lag in steps of 1 Energize the voltage coil with rated voltage and the current coil with rated current. Use the circuit shown in Fig.5 for connection. Set the phase shifting transformer at the phase angle for maximum torque. Set the indicator on the phase shifting transformer to zero; then adjust the control to give lagging and leading phase angles until the Starter LED drop off. The angle at which this occurs should be to the actual MTA, 88 lagging or leading with respect 5.4 PRIMARY INJECTION Primary injection tests are essential to check the ratio and polarity of the current transformers as well as the secondary wiring. Using the circuit shown in Fig. 3 check the current transformer ratio. Inject a current of sufficient magnitude The secondary current is Is = Primary current / CT ratio 5.5 PUTTING INTO SERVICE After completing all tests satisfactorily, the relay should be put back into service as follows: 1. Make a final check of the secondary wiring and tightness of all terminal connections. 2. Insert the DC supply fuse. 3. Check the relay healthy indication/display. 4. Replace the relay cover. 5. Insert the trip links. 6. Perform trip test by secondary injection. 7. Remove all test connections 16

18 Ph Switch MIT V AC SUPPLY Rheostat A ~ 9 Current input Nu 10 Start TIMER 22 Aux DC Ve -Ve Stop 3 4 Fig. 2 Secondary Injection Timing Test Circuit MIT 121 I A ~ 9 Current input I 10 Aux DC Ve -Ve 23 Primary Injection Kit Fig. 3 Primary Test Circuit 17

19 BUS MIT121-A MIT121-B MIT121-C P1 S1 S1 S1 A B C P2 S2 S2 S2 A C Phase Rotation B Voltage Tfr A B C Fwd Direction Fig. 4 Directional Over Current, 45 Lead p.f ( 90 Connection ) Ph MIT V AC SUPPLY Nu Phase Shifting Transofmer V ~ 11 Voltage input 12 Phase Angle Meter Aux DC VE -VE 23 Rheostat A ~ 9 Current input 10 Fig. 5 Directional Test Circuit 18

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