ANSI C Testing unintentional emitters

Transcription

1 ANSI C Testing unintentional emitters Presented by Don Heirman President Don Lincroft, New Jersey USA Chair, ANSI C63.4 Working Group March 2015 Slide 1

2 Use of colors on slides Generally text that is in this color (blue) is unchanged from the 2009 edition Red text highlights the changes Other colors such as black will be described as new or changed. May 2014 Slide 2

3 Applications (1.2) Does not apply to ISM (industrial, scientific and medical), licensed transmitters, avionics equipment; intentional radiators use C63.10 Other test methods may be used as alternatives where equivalent results are demonstrated; this standard takes precedence for regulatory application Specific application to US and Canadian requirements in a new Annex I Voluntary/regulatory requirements should specify/identify: Limits and frequency range for conducted and radiated emission measurements Measurement antenna distance for radiated emissions March 2015 Slide 3

4 Removal of Intentional Radiators Clause 13 (Measurement of Intentional Radiators) no longer in standard New C63.10 covers subject: American National Standard for Testing Unlicensed Wireless Devices Clause 13 becomes Limit relaxation for transients (old Clause 14) March 2015 Slide 4

5 Annex I: Application to US and Canadian Requirements US: Applies to unintentional radiators and digital portions used in intentional radiators Canada Also applies (See ICES-003) Other countries may use C63.4 Can be contractually mandated Limits are not specified See FCC 47CFR Part 15B See Canada ICES-003 March 2015 Slide 5

6 * Antenna Calibration (4.7.3) All Antennas Must Be Calibrated per ANSI C63.5 All antennas must be calibrated whenever damage or deterioration is suspected, and at regular intervals as noted in Standard Gain Horn antenna characteristics are established by physical dimensions and do not require calibration beyond checking dimensional characteristics provided by manufacturer unless damage is known or suspected Reference antennas that are used only for calibration or test site validation must be checked at least every 3 years Special consideration for precision biconical antennas used for S-VSWR site validation above 1 GHz Antenna Calibration Labs must be accredited and must include measurement uncertainty in their calibration report See Annex D for validation of radiated emission standard test sites March 2015 Slide 6

7 *Antennas for Exploratory and/or Relative Comparison Evaluations - Table 1 March 2015 Slide 7

8 *Antennas for Final Compliance Measurements Table 2 Marxh 2015 Slide 8

9 *Antennas for Use in Final Site Validation Measurements Table 3 March 2015 Slide 9

10 *Test-Site-Specific Hybrid Antennas Annex N simplest check for use Pay to have antenna calibrated by accredited cal lab using the Standard Site Method (SSM), also known as 3 antenna method using C Get antenna factors and the balance test results from cal lab in a table as a function of frequency; the balance is most critical If the antenna meets the dimensional requirements AND meets the balance (symmetry) test requirements given in Annex N, the antenna is ready for use at ANY test site If the balance (symmetry) test is not met, then the user has to perform the tests shown in Annex N at a specific site of choice If the antenna meets the requirements at that site, it can ONLY be used at that site for making measurements If the antenna does not meet the requirements in Annex N, it cannot be used at that site The only option left then is to find another test site where the antenna meets the requirements in Annex N March 2015 Slide 10

11 Non-Conductive EUT Support Tables Annex J (New in 2014) EPS - Commercially available, expanded polystyrene foam (EPS) has a dielectric constant of approximately 1.3 compared to dry air which has a dielectric constant of 1.0 Available as sheet/panels, and in large blocks Unless specially treated EPS cannot self-extinguish once ignited Fire-retardant treatment will increase the dielectric constant XPS Also commercially available, Extruded Polystrene (XPS) is formed differently from EPS and is stronger than EPS. However, it has a dielectric constant in the range of 2.4 to 2.7. Don t use colored material as colors contain metallic particles. Stronger and more waterproof than EPS Construction adhesive is not a good choice for bonding EPS or XPS as the material in the adhesive usually has a high dielectric constant. Some low-density spray adhesives may be ok. March 2015 Slide 11

12 Site Validation above 1 GHz (5.5.1) Regardless of measurement distance: Absorber no taller than 30 cm; 20 db atten. Table-top testing Absorbing material on table top footprint may be removed and up to 10 cm surrounding that footprint Floor standing Absorbing material on EUT footprint may be removed and up to 10 cm surrounding that footprint Validated test sites 1 to 18 GHz are suitable for use between 18 GHz and 40 GHz Such sites do not have to be acceptable below 1 GHz if site is only used above 1 GHz March 2015 Slide 12

13 Site Validation interval above 1 GHz (5.5.2) When using S-VSWR: Validation interval is one year at startup, when changes made and when based on changes or degradation of site Subsequent intervals can be up to 3 years or shorter based on use and modifications Twelve month interval is generally adequate to ensure meeting S-VSWR No validation interval when not using S- VSWR as is not done with absorber layout alternative (See Fig. 6) March 2015 Slide 13

14 Alternate test site above 1 GHz (5.5.1) Physical absorber layout alternative (Figure 6) Reference Ground Plane (without RF Absorber) Reference Ground Plane (covered with RF Absorber) Minimum Width = 3.6 m 0.3 m minimum Reference Ground Plane (covered with RF Absorber) Turntable (covered with RF Absorber) Gap between Turntable and Reference Ground Plane (without RF Absorber) 0.3 m minimum Center of Turntable 0.3 m minimum Minimum Length = 2.3 m + T urntable Diameter or 3.8 m (whichever is greater) Reference Ground Plane (covered with RF Absorber) Reference Ground Plane (covered with RF Absorber) 1.5 m minimum 1.8 m maximum Antenna Reference Ground Plane (covered with RF Absorber) 0.5 m minimum 1.8 m maximum Boom on the Mast Reference Ground Plane (covered with RF Absorber) Reference Ground Plane (without RF Absorber) Mast Base - plate of Mast March 2015 Slide 14

15 GENERAL Requirements for EUT equipment arrangements and operation (6) EUT arrangement (6.3.1 d)) An EUT designed for rack mounting only shall be tested mounted in a rack. Where a device can be rack mounted or tabletop, the EUT may be tested in a rack or as a tabletop device. Where the typical location of the EUT within a rack is not defined, the following provisions apply: For an EUT intended to be mounted in large floorstanding racks, the EUT shall be mounted within the rack so that the height is 0.8 m above the reference ground plane. For all other EUTs, they shall be mounted as close as possible to the middle of the rack. A rack containing equipment may be floor standing or tabletop mounted, depending on its design. The rationale for the placement of the EUT and/or rack shall be indicated in the test report. March 2015 Slide 15

16 GENERAL Requirements for EUT equipment arrangements and operation (6) Placement of Tabletop accessories/peripherals ( ) When only 1 peripheral, use peripheral 1 location in Figure 7 Setup when power adapters (accessories) are part of an EUT system or is the EUT itself Notes the recommended routing of keyboard and mouse cabling when a PC is tested Cables that are bundled in accordance with do not have to be manipulated ( ) Placement and manipulation of interconnect cabling of floor standing equipment ( ) Allows loopback cable setup where I/O cable exits EUT output port and is connected to an input port; input and output ports cannot be adjacent to each other. March 2015 Slide 16

17 Final RE Tests 1 GHz 40 GHz ( ) Final radiated emission measurements Same test setup conditions as for 30 MHz to 1 GHz Keep the antenna aimed at the source of emissions at each frequency of significant emissions, with polarization oriented for maximum response. Note: substituted staying in the cone of radiation with aiming the receiving antenna. Antenna may be higher or lower than EUT depending on the radiation pattern when finding maximum emissions but antenna search height limited to stay within the usual 1 to 4 meter height scan Note: This process is sometimes called bore sighting but that term is not used in standard Two notes in 2009 edition removed March 2015 Slide 17

18 TEST REPORTS Exploratory procedures used to determine the arrangement and configuration leading to the final EUT arrangement and configuration must be described : The results shall reference the measurement instrumentation uncertainty considerations contained in ANSI C63.23 and/or CISPR : Determining compliance shall be based on the results of the compliance measurement, not taking into account measurement instrumentation uncertainty. The measurement uncertainty of the measurement instrumentation and the associated connections between the various instruments in the measurement chain shall be calculated, and both the measurement results and the calculated uncertainty shall be given in the test report March 2015 Slide 18

19 Video Display Units Clause 11.4, Figure 16-1 March 2015 Slide 19

20 Video Display Units Clause 11.4, Figure 16-2 March 2015 Slide 20

21 ITE SPECIFIC Table-Top Equipment - Tablet Arrangement Additional paragraph to 11.5 in C In the special case the special case of a PC (e.g., tablet PC and/or handheld PC-based device) that has a limited number of I/O ports and cannot be configured as described in the preceding paragraphs, it is permissible to test such host devices with a peripheral device and interface cable connected to each I/O port available on the host The rationale for the selection of the equipment configuration and loading of ports shall be included in the test report. March 2015 Slide 21

22 FCC Decision C63 requested that the 2014 edition of C63.4 be used instead of the 2003 and 2009 editions FCC Action Late 2014 the FCC issued a report and order (R&O in ET Docket No ) incorporating the 2014 version into its Rules. There is a one year transition after the rules go into effect. During that transition either the 2003, 2009, or 2014 editions can be used to show compliance with FCC rules. After that only the 2014 edition can be used. C63.4 is also referenced by Industry Canada ICES-003 requirements. Measurement of Radio Noise Emissions March 2015 Slide 22 Workshop, C63-4 (2015)

23 Summary Major changes to C63.4 for the 2014 edition have been shown Standard published in June 2014 Indicated the US Federal Communications Commission (FCC) use of the 2014 edition March 2015 Slide 23

24 THANK YOU May 2014 Slide 24

25 Don Heirman Biography Donald Heirman is president of Don, LLC, which is a training, standards, and educational electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) consultation corporation. Previously he was with Bell Laboratories for over 30 years in many EMC roles including Manager of Lucent Technologies (Bell Labs) Global Product Compliance Laboratory, which he founded, and where he was in charge of the Corporation s major EMC and regulatory test facility and its participation in ANSI accredited standards and international EMC standardization committees. He chairs, or is a principal technical contributor to, US and international EMC standards organizations including ANSI ASC C63 (immediate past chairman and chairman of the C63.4 Working Group), the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, and the International Electrotechnical Commission s (IEC) International Special Committee on Radio Interference (CISPR). He was named chairman of CISPR in October He is the chairman of the IEC s Advisory Committee on EMC (ACEC) starting in July He is also a member of the Technical Management Committee of the US National Committee of the IEC. In November 2008 he was presented with the prestigious IEC Lord Kelvin award at the IEC General Meeting in Sao Paulo, Brazil. This is the highest award in the IEC and recognizes Don s many contributions to global electrotechnical standardization in the field of EMC. He is a life Fellow of the IEEE and an honored life member of the IEEE EMC Society and member of its Board of Directors, chair of its technical committees on EMC measurements and Smart Grid, Vice President for Standards, past EMCS president, and past chair of its standards development committee. He is also past president of the IEEE Standards Association (SA), past member of the SA Board of Governors and past member of the IEEE s Board of Directors and Executive Committee. He is past Associate Director for Wireless EMC at the University of Oklahoma Center for the Study of Wireless EMC. He now teaches the practical application of EMC compliance measurements at Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana. Currently he is a voting member of the US Smart Grid Interoperability Panel and its Testing and Certification Committee. In addition he is a technical leader on the NIST Electromagnetic Interoperability Issues Working Group which is providing EMC recommendations for Smart Grid equipment and systems. He serves as the consultant on Smart Grid matters for the Conformity Assessment Section of the American Council of Independent Laboratories. Slide 25 March 2015