SIDE (IRT 3930) Loeng 3/2012 Signaalid sidesüsteemis Teema - signaalid. Avo Ots. telekommunikatsiooni õppetool,
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1 SIDE (IRT 3930) Loeng 3/2012 Signaalid sidesüsteemis Teema - signaalid Avo Ots telekommunikatsiooni õppetool, TTÜ raadio- ja sidetehnika inst. avo.ots@ttu.ee Signaalid 81
2 Süsteemi näide input Microphone Encoder Transmitter output signals signals Channel output Speaker Decoder Receiver Telephone System input Signaalid 82
3 Sellie vaatepilt Signaalid 83
4 BT FM/XM Seadmevaade A/D Cellular GPS A/D DVB-H A/D DSP Apps Processor Media Processor WLAN Wimax A/D Maksumus; võimsustarve, mõõtmed...? 84
5 Signaalid liideses Vaskjuhe Kiudoptiline Raadiokanal x(t) x[n] X(f) Signaalid 85
6 Võrguhierarhia T u u m Pöördusvõrk xdsl GPRS Signaalid 86
7 Kanalid arvutis Signaalid 87
8 ISP ASP APPLICATION ALL IP NET Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation Open Air Interface (3G, BWA, WLAN, WLL) Wired Cat 5, Cat 6, P O N Signaalid 88
9 Võrguteenus ja -haldus content adaptation profile handling mobility management Network Service Domain AAA support access selection access discovery Access Network Domain Signaalid 89
10 Võrgud ja terminalid B A D C G E F Signaalid 90
11 Terminaalid võrgus Mobiilvõrgud ja raadiovõrgud Telefonivõrgud ( IP ) Kodukeskjaam PBX IP telefoni võrgud Lairibavõrgud Elektrivõrgud Signaalid 91
12 Keerukus only nodes on the same physical/link layer network could communicate Signaalid 92
13 Vahekihid Ssh FTP HTTP coaxial cable fiber optic packet radio Ssh FTP HTTP coaxial cable fiber optic packet radio Signaalid 93
14 Inmarsat Punkt-punkt ühendus Signaalid 94
15 Simpleksside Multiple receivers Transmitter Signaalid 95
16 Leviühendus Broadcast DBS - direct broadcast satellite Multiple receivers Transmitter Signaalid 96
17 Kahesuunaline ühendus Signaalid 97
18 Dupleks - FDD FDD: Frequency Division Duplex Mobiilne Terminal M Allalüli Forward Channel Reverse Channel Üleslüli Tugijaam B Forward Channel and Reverse Channel use different frequency bands Signaalid 98
19 Dupleks - TDD TDD: Time Division Duplex Mobiilne Terminal M M B M B M B Tugijaam B A singe frequency channel is used. The channel is divided into time slots. Mobile station and base station transmits on the time slots alternately. Signaalid 99
20 Traadita kanal Signaalid 100
21 Moduleerimata sinusoid Konstantne amplituud,sagedus ja faas: kõik parameetrid on teada ja ei sisalda vastuvõtmisel infot; t A t cos t t x c Matemaatiline (ja eksperimentaalne) mugav mudel, valimaks parameetrite vahendusel modulatsioonivõimalusi Signaalid 101
22 Signaalide spektrid Lõpliku signaali spekter on leitav kasutades Fourier teisendust (transformation) või Fourier rida (series) Signaalid 102
23 Amplituudmodulatsioon t t t sinα sinβ = = sin (α + β) + + sin (α β) Signaalid 103
24 Digitaalsignaal kanalis AM FM PM DPM Signaalid 104
25 Selected Previous Work DTMF 1209 Hz 1336 Hz 1477 Hz 1633 Hz 697 Hz A 770 Hz B 852 Hz C 941 Hz * 0 # D ITU DTMF Specifications Frequency Low Group 1.5% Tolerance High Group 3.5% Signal Operation 40 ms min Duration Non-operation 23 ms max Signal Pause Duration 40 ms max Exceptions Signal Interruption 10 ms min Twist Forward 8 db Reverse 4 db Twist is caused by a non-uniform power loss across the frequency spectrum Normal twist is when low frequency power is greater than high frequency Reverse twist is obviously the reverse condition The detector must reject 8dB and 4dB for normal and reverse twist respectively Signaalid 105
26 DTMF dekoodri väljund Signaalid 106
27 Kanali mahutavus Bitikiirus.. modulatsioonikiirus Signaalid 107
28 Bitikiiruse suurendamine Faas Amplituud Signaalid 108
29 Sumbuvus atmosfääris db/km H 2 O O 2 Sagedus (GHz) Signaalid 109
30 Üleslüli signaali spekter CATV-s Martin Murre Signaalid lõputöö kevadel
31 Radio Frequency (RF) Modem Ülekantav signaal: bitivoog (stream of bits) Digital sinusoidal modulation in digital signaling Analog sinusoidal modulation in carrier circuits for upconversion to RF Error Correction Digital Signaling D/A Converter m[k] Signal Processing Carrier Circuits Transmission Medium Carrier Circuits Signal Processing mˆ [ k] TRANSMITTER s(t) CHANNEL r(t) RECEIVER Signaalid 111
32 Kiudoptiline kaabel Plastic Outer Coating Glass Core Optical Cladding 1620 Valguse murdumise seadus (W.Snellius, R.Descartes) n 1 sin 1 n2 sin 2 2 n 2 n 1 cladding core 1 2 Signaalid 112
33 Koaksiaalkaabel Insulation, ground, insulation, main wire kasutatakse 2 tüüpi koaksiaalkaableid: Jäme 1/2 tolli (thick) 10BASE5 (yellow cable) Peen 1/4 tolli (thin) 10BASE2 Signaalid 113
34 Kiudmeedia ja kasutus DWDM DWDM OXC X Y Z WAN Router Core Router Access Router Customers Web Server Web Server Web Server Host Router/switch eye safety Signaalid 114
35 I K T (ICT) Digital signal processing Communications Information theory Control theory Electronics Electrical Circuits Engineering Optics Power systems Electromagnetic Information Engineering Computer Engineering / Computer Science Algorithms Architecture Complexity Programming Language Compilers Operating Systems Signaalid 115
36 Tradeoffs Rate n g/a 4G b Power UWB Bluetooth ZigBee Range
37 Kasutuskava muutus One computer/phone, many users mainframe era home phone party line PC era cell phone era One computer/phone, one user Many computers/phones, one user ~ ubiquitous computing embedded VoIP anywhere, any time any media right place (device), right time, right media 117
38 Subscriptions in million Penetration Mobiilterminali tehnoloogiad Global Mobile subscriptions by technology (m) WCDMA GSM CDMA Other 120% 100% % % % % 0 0%
39 Free space loss Signaalid 119
40 Lõpulingid (3) ns/telecomreport/archive/ Signaalid 120
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