RECOMMENDATION ITU-R BO.1658
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1 Rec. ITU-R BO RECOMMENDATION ITU-R BO.1658 Continuous curves of epfd versus the geostationary broadcasting-satellite service earth station antenna diameter to indicate the protection afforded by systems complying with the limits of antennas with diameters other than those in Article 22 of the Radio Regulations (Resolution 137 (WRC-2)) (23) The ITU Radiocommunication Assembly, considering a) that the GHz frequency band is available to GSO systems in the BSS and non-gso systems in the FSS; b) that earth stations in the BSS employing satellites in GSO orbits need to be protected from unacceptable interference by satellites in non-gso orbits transmitting in the shared frequency bands; c) that in order to provide the requisite protection from such interference, WRC-2 adopted validation single-entry limits on the maximum permissible equivalent power flux densities (epfd s) which satellites in non-gso orbits may radiate in some frequency bands, for certain specified earth station antenna diameters; d) that the Radiocommunication Bureau will certify compliance with the maximum permissible epfd validation limits only for those earth station antenna diameters specified in Article 22 of the Radio Regulations (RR); e) that, as indicated in Resolution 137 (WRC-2), there is a need for operators to be able to assess the level of interference generated by a non-gso system meeting the epfd limits for earth station antennas with diameters other than those specified in RR Article 22, recommends 1 that the methodology in should be used within the specified context, for the guidance of designers of GSO BSS links on the maximum expected epfd levels for earth station antenna diameters other than those specified in RR Article 22 (see Notes 1, 2 and 3). NOTE 1 It is emphasised that the continuous curves, as a function of antenna diameter, are strictly in reference to single-entry regulatory limits given for the specific antenna diameters as tabulated in Table 1D of RR Article 22. The guidance to the GSO BSS designers is to be taken in this context: the continuous curves provide an approximation of how the regulatory limits of RR Article 22 could appear if they were defined for an arbitrary antenna diameter. In this respect these continuous curves are intended to provide guidelines on the upper boundary of interference that GSO BSS earth stations might receive. NOTE 2 The epfd levels in this are referenced to a bandwidth of 4 khz. To convert to other bandwidths, a correction factor of 1 log(b/4) is added to the value of epfd, where B is the required bandwidth (khz).
2 2 Rec. ITU-R BO.1658 NOTE 3 Other significantly improved methods may be developed in the future that could replace the method in this. Methodology to derive continuous curves of epfd versus BSS earth station antenna diameter in the frequency band GHz The proposed methodology consists of deriving curves by curve-fitting the validation epfd limits given in RR Table 22-1D applicable for the protection of GSO BSS systems with inclination angles less than 2.5º and for earth stations at latitudes below 57.5º. These curves, hereafter referred to as validation limit reference curves, are constructed by linear interpolation between values of epfd (db) and by logarithmic interpolation between values of percentage of time for which the epfd may be exceeded. These reference validation limits on the basis of which the curve fitting is performed, are described in 1.1. The resulting curves are best approximations and may not completely match the values tabulated in RR Article 22. Examples of such curves for epfd are given in RR Article 22 validation limits in the frequency band GHz The validation limits for the frequency band GHz are given in terms of the percentage of time during which the epfd level may be exceeded. These limits are shown in Table 1. TABLE 1 Limits to the epfd radiated by non-gso FSS systems in certain frequency bands into 3 cm, 45 cm, 6 cm, 9 cm, 12 cm, 18 cm, 24 cm and 3 cm BSS antennas Frequency band (GHz) in Region 1; and in Region 3; in Region 2 epfd (db(w/m 2 )) Percentage of time during which epfd level may be exceeded Reference bandwidth (khz) Reference antenna diameter and radiation pattern 4 3 cm
3 Rec. ITU-R BO TABLE 1 (continued) Frequency band (GHz) epfd (db(w/m 2 )) Percentage of time during which epfd level may be exceeded Reference bandwidth (khz) Reference antenna diameter and radiation pattern in Region 1; and in Region 3; in Region cm 4 6 cm cm cm cm
4 4 Rec. ITU-R BO.1658 TABLE 1 (end) Frequency band (GHz) in Region 1; and in Region 3; in Region 2 epfd (db(w/m 2 )) Percentage of time during which epfd level may be exceeded Reference bandwidth (khz) Reference antenna diameter and radiation pattern 4 24 cm cm 1.2 Continuous curves for validation limits in the frequency band GHz Example continuous curves for epfd (db(w/(m 2 4 khz))), in the GHz frequency band can be defined by the following sigmoid function, for antenna diameters in the range.3 to 3 m: epfd 22 1D B( T ( B( + V ( + log( p) 1+ exp ( p, = S( 5 i a ( { log( p) } i i= for for log ( p).3 log ( p) <.3 (1) and with the constraint that where: (.3) for D ( D D. epfd 22 p, (2) 16 for D >. 45 D : p : antenna diameter (m) percentage of time that the value of epfd may be exceeded, and the coefficients B(, T(, V(, S( and a i ( are given in Table 2 for the antenna sizes specified in RR Table 22-1D. For other antenna sizes, the coefficients are linearly interpolated between the values for antenna sizes enclosing the desired one.
5 Rec. ITU-R BO Antenna size (m) TABLE 2 Curve fitting parameters for antenna sizes specified in RR Table 22-1D a a 1 a 2 a 3 a 4 a 5 B T V S The error in the resulting curves, when compared with the values of epfd in RR Table 22-1D, is at most 1.6 db and over most (9%) of the range, is within.7 db. This methodology results in a mean square error of.173. Figures 1 and 2 show the epfd limits from RR Table 22-1D together with the resulting curves for the RR Table 22-1D antenna diameters. 155 FIGURE 1 RR Table 22-1D epfd levels versus percentage of time 16 epfd (db(w/(m 2 4 khz))) Percentage of time epfd may be exceeded 3 cm RR Table 22-1D 3 cm algorithm 45 cm 45 cm 6 cm 6 cm 9 cm 9 cm
6 FIGRTabl e2-1depfd URE1 15 levelsversus percentageoftim e epfd, (db(w (m2 4kHz )) 6 Rec. ITU-R BO.1658 FIGURE RR Table 22-1D epfd levels versus percentage of time epfd (db(w/(m 2 4 khz))) Percentage of time epfd may be exceeded 1.2 m RR Table 22-1D 1.2 m algorithm 1.8 m 1.8 m 2.4 m 2.4 m 3 m 3 m
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