Monitoring of large Bridges. Geodetic Metrology and Engineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand

Transcription

1 Monitoring of large Bridges

2 Beispiele: Grosser Belt und Oeresund

3 Millau Bridge (France)

4 Tejo Brücke

5 Shanghai

6 Monitoring of the Fatih Sultan Mehmet Bridge Concepts Group of Geodetic Metrology and Engineering Geodesy Institute of Geodesy and Photogrammetry ETH Zuerich

7 Fatih Sultan Mehmet Bridge (Bosphorus II) The Fatih Sultan Bridge, also known as the Second Bosporus Bridge (in Turkish: Fatih Sultan Mehmet Köprüsü or 2. Boğaziçi Köprüsü), spans the Bosporus strait (Turkish: Boğaziçi) near Istanbul. The bridge is situated between Hisarüstü (European side) and Kavacık (Asian side). It is a gravity-anchored suspension bridge with steel pylons and inclined hangers. The aerodynamic deck is hanging on double vertical steel cables. It is 1,510 m long with a deck width of 39 m. The distance between the towers (main span) is 1,090 m (World rank 2004: 13th) and their height over road level is 105 m. The clearance of the bridge from the sea level is 64 m.

8 Design

9 Impressions during Construction

10 Manufacturing the Steel Parts

11 Staking out and Monitoring of Pillars

12 Bridge Dimensions 105m 105m 39m 1090m

13 GPS related Informations: Torsions, Oszillations, Expansion,..

14 GPS Sensor Deployment AP S 2 Asian Pylons 2 Asian Quarter-span deck 2 Mid-span deck 2 Mid-span cables 2 European Quarter-span deck 2 European Pylons 1 Monitoring office (reference station) 1 Other location (reference station) 14 Total GPS AP N EPS EP N RS 2 AQ S AQ N M DS M CS M DN M CN EQ S EQ N RS 1

15 GPS Data Processing Leica GPS Spider Reference Station 1. Monitoring point Monitoring point Double check of the positioning results The baseline between the reference stations can also be monitored to check their long term stability. Reference station 2.

16 GPS Hardware Setup AT504 + Radome Dorne Margolin Choke Ring Antenna Leica GMX902 dual frequency GPS receiver Reference Station Monitoring Point Monitoring Point Serial to IP converter Direct power supply (220v) LAN Serial to fiber converter Direct power supply (220v) Serial to fiber converter Direct power supply (220v) Analysis Software (from ITU/ETHZ) Leica GPS Spider Real time, permanent connection LAN NMEA X,Y,Z Junction Box Fiber-optic -Analysis -Further computation -Alarming -GPS computation -NMEA data archiving -Sensor configuration -Virtual COM port interface to sensors

17 Proposed Communications 4-core armored single mode fiber cable 4-core armored multi mode fiber cable 4-core armored multi mode fiber cable Category 5 Ethernet cable APS APN EPN EPS MCN MCS AQS AQN MDS MDN EQN EQS CA1 CA2 Junction Box CA3 CA4 CA5 CA6 Junction Box RS1 CA7 RS2 Justification Very high reliability Built in redundancy (4-core fiber) High bandwidth (100Mbps or 1Gbps) Non-conductive (protection against lightning) Based on modern technology Expandable Monitoring Administration Building

18 Satellite Summary

19 Sky Plot

20 Satellite Elevation

21 Output of GPS based Health Monitoring Monitoring of the load response (traffic, wind, earthquakes, Karmaneffects ) Determination of linear and torsional (twist) oscillations (10Hz) Monitoring of seasonal movements (long term thermal effects) Monitoring of permanent deformations (settlements, shifts, tilt..) Daily temperature behaviour (Expansion, )

22 Time Series and Spectra of the Bosporus Bridge O. Akyılmaz, R. N. Çelik, N. Apaydın, T. Ayan

23 Dominant Frequencies O. Akyılmaz, R. N. Çelik, N. Apaydın, T. Ayan

24 Combination of GPS and Photogrammetric Measurements Total Station GPS Brunner 2002 Brunner 2006 Hide et.al 2005 Referencing of GPS & Photogrammetric Sensors Laserdiode FOV

25 Preliminary Sensor and Evaluation Concept GPS CCD Meteo Sensors Accelerometers Relative Positions Temp. Wind High Frequency Accelerations drifts, cyclic-effects, low frequency oscillations, Kalman Filtering Fourier Analysis (Frequency, Amplitude, Phase-shift) 2 Step-Integration Velocity Trajectory Extensometers Sensors Displacements Measurands Strain, Stress,. Computation

26 Earthquake Signals

27 Staking out and Monitoring of small bridges Monitoring using Total Stations Hardbrücke Zürich

28 Networks of Bridges Handbuch Ingenieurvermessung

29 Basic Monitoring Concept Möser,Bauwerksmonitoring

30 Bridge Monitoring Overview

31 Bridge Monitoring Overview G1.1 G1.2 G2.1 G X [m] HP Y [m]

32 Bridge Monitoring Targets

33 Bridge Monitoring TT and Reference Point

34 Bridge Monitoring Time Series Target G1.2 Displacement [m] along across vertical : : :00 Time :00 Target 60.2 Displacement [m] along across vertical : : :00 Time :00

35 Bridge Monitoring Frequency Analysis (Longitudinal Component) Relative Deformation [mm] Time [days] 10.0 Amplitude [mm] Period [days]

36 Bridge Monitoring Frequency Analysis (Vertical Component) Relative Deformation [mm] Time [days] 0.4 Amplitude [mm] Period [days] longterm (temperature) daily (traffic, temperature?) weekly (traffic?)

37 Bridge Monitoring Crosscorrelation (Temperature Deformation) Relative Deformation [mm] Time [days] Temperature [ C] 1.0 Correlation [] Lag [Hours]

38 END

39 Analysis of a building s behaviour by test signals