How do we use TCP (or UDP)
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1 How do we use TCP (or UDP) Creating a socket int socket(int domain, int type, int protocol) domain : PF_INET, PF_UNIX, PF_PACKET,... type : SOCK_STREAM, SOCK_DGRAM,... protocol : UNSPEC,... Passive open on the server side int bind(int socket, struct sockaddr *address, int len) int listen(int socket, int backlog) int accept(int socket, struct sockaddr *address, int *len) address : enthält IP-Adresse und Port backlog : Anzahl erlaubter Pending-Connections Active open on the client side int connect(int socket, struct sockaddr *address, int len) Sending and receiving data int send(int socket, char *message, int len, int flags) int recv(int socket, char *buffer, int len, int flags) Grundlagen der Rechnernetze Introduction 114
2 How do we use TCP (or UDP) Server side: Client side: Grundlagen der Rechnernetze Introduction 115
3 Addresses in internet model Host 1 Host 2 Application Application Application Application Port TCP UDP UDP TCP Demux Key IP IP IP address LINK physical Physical address LINK physical Grundlagen der Rechnernetze Introduction 116
4 Performance Grundlagen der Rechnernetze Introduction 117
5 Bandwidth s 1 second Bandwidth b in this example: Grundlagen der Rechnernetze Introduction 118
6 Bandwidth s 1 second Bandwidth b in this example: Grundlagen der Rechnernetze Introduction 119
7 Bps and bps Bytes per second vs bits per second Parameter Order of value Value KBps 2 10 Byte/s MBps 2 20 Byte/s GBps 2 30 Byte/s TBps 2 40 Byte/s Kbps 10 3 Bits/s Mbps 10 6 Bits/s Gbps 10 9 Bits/s Tbps Bits/s Grundlagen der Rechnernetze Introduction 120
8 Bps and bps Parameter Order of value Value KBps 2 10 Byte/s MBps 2 20 Byte/s GBps 2 30 Byte/s TBps 2 40 Byte/s Kbps 10 3 Bits/s Mbps 10 6 Bits/s Gbps 10 9 Bits/s Tbps Bits/s Simplification of surpluses: Simplification: Grundlagen der Rechnernetze Introduction 121
9 Propagation delay d x Time x needed for transmission of one bit at distance d and with signal propagation speed l Grundlagen der Rechnernetze Introduction 122
10 Propagation delay d x Time x needed for transmission of one bit at distance d and with signal propagation speed l Grundlagen der Rechnernetze Introduction 123
11 Delay of one 1 hop transmission d x Time x needed for transmission of n bits at distance d and with signal propagation speed l and bandwidth b: Grundlagen der Rechnernetze Introduction 124
12 Delay of one 1 hop transmission d x Time x needed for transmission of n bits at distance d and with signal propagation speed l and bandwidth b: Grundlagen der Rechnernetze Introduction 125
13 Delay of one 1 hop transmission Propagation delay: d Transmission delay: x Time x needed for transmission of n bits at distance d and with signal propagation speed l and bandwidth b: Grundlagen der Rechnernetze Introduction 126
14 Delay of one multi hop transmission d x Time x needed for transmission of n bits at distance d and with signal propagation speed l and bandwidth b and queuing time q: Grundlagen der Rechnernetze Introduction 127
15 Delay of one multi hop transmission d x Time x needed for transmission of n bits at distance d and with signal propagation speed l and bandwidth b and queuing time q: Grundlagen der Rechnernetze Introduction 128
16 Round trip time (RTT) d RTT Round trip time time needed for the signal to be sent plus time it takes to get the acknowledgment for that signal Grundlagen der Rechnernetze Introduction 129
17 Bandwidth delay product Bandbreite Delay Definition: Number of the bits n that are contained in one channel with latency of l and bandwidth of b Grundlagen der Rechnernetze Introduction 130
18 Bandwidth delay product Bandbreite Delay Example: Number of the bits n that are contained in one channel with latency of 100ms and bandwidth of 50Mbps Grundlagen der Rechnernetze Introduction 131
19 Transfer time and effective throughput l x Grundlagen der Rechnernetze Introduction 132
20 Transfer time and effective throughput l x Example: Calculation of transfer time z and effective throughput d and when retrieving a 1MB file over a channel with bandwidth of 1Gbps and RTT of 92ms , , ,092 0,092 0,008 0, !!! Grundlagen der Rechnernetze Introduction 133
21 Bit error rate and packet error rate Bit error rate (BER) Packet 1 Packet 2 Packet 3 Packet 4 Packet error rate (PER) Grundlagen der Rechnernetze Introduction 134
22 Bit error rate and packet error rate Bit error Packet 1 Packet 2 Packet 3 Packet 4 Packet error Connection between BER and PER for n bit message without correction: Grundlagen der Rechnernetze Introduction 135
23 Additive and bottleneck costs 10ms 5ms R2 10ms 20ms e e 2 e 1 3 e4 1Mbps R1 1Gbps 1Gbps R3 1Mbps Grundlagen der Rechnernetze Introduction 136
24 Additive and bottleneck costs 10ms 5ms R2 10ms 20ms e e 2 e 1 3 e4 1Mbps R1 1Gbps 1Gbps R3 1Mbps Example: What is delay d und bandwidth b between hosts and Grundlagen der Rechnernetze Introduction 137
25 Multiplicative costs p p 1 =2/3 2 =1/3 R2 p 3 =1/2 p 4 =1/2 e e 2 e 1 3 e4 R1 R3 Grundlagen der Rechnernetze Introduction 138
26 Multiplicative costs p p 1 =2/3 2 =1/3 R2 p 3 =1/2 p 4 =1/2 e e 2 e 1 3 e4 R1 R3 Example: What is the total packet success rate with given packet error rates per link. Grundlagen der Rechnernetze Introduction 139
27 Performance example of effective throughput with packet switching Grundlagen der Rechnernetze Introduction 140
28 Delay savings Circuit switching Message switching Packet switching R1 R2 R1 R2 R1 R2 Grundlagen der Rechnernetze Introduction 141
29 Delay savings Circuit switching Message switching Packet switching R1 R2 R1 R2 R1 R2 Grundlagen der Rechnernetze Introduction 142
30 Delay savings Circuit switching Message switching Packet switching R1 R2 R1 R2 R1 R2 Grundlagen der Rechnernetze Introduction 143
31 Delay savings Circuit switching Message switching Packet switching R1 R2 R1 R2 R1 R2 Grundlagen der Rechnernetze Introduction 144
32 Influence of the packet size R1 R2 Message size Packet payload Packet header Bandwidth Delay per hop Number of hops n bits k bits c bits b bps d seconds h Effective throughput x Grundlagen der Rechnernetze Introduction 145
33 Influence of the packet size R1 R2 Message size Packet payload Packet header Bandwidth Delay per hop Number of hops n bits k bits c bits b bps d seconds h Effective throughput x Grundlagen der Rechnernetze Introduction 146
34 Example plot Effective Throughput in Gbps Message size 1 GB Bandwidth 1 Gbps Header size 64 Byte Number of hops 10 Delay per hop 10 ms Packet size in KB Grundlagen der Rechnernetze Introduction 147
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