A Penning Trap for Precision Spectroscopy of Highly Charged Ions at HITRAP. Jörg Krämer University of Mainz

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1 A Penning Trap for Precision Spectroscopy of Highly Charged Ions at HITRAP University of Mainz

2 Experimental Goal Precise measurement of the hyperfine splitting in highly charged ions (HCI) as a test of QED in strong fields E/E~10-7 e.g. 207 Pb 81+ from HITRAP Binding energy (b) F=1 F= x10 Hz E HFS Magnetic field Nuclear Spin F=I+J Angular Momentum of the Electron

3 Hyperfine Splitting QED contribution E~Z 3 τ~z -9 Heavy H- and Li- like ions: Laser Spectroscopy

4 UNILAC How to reach 10-7? HITRAP Experiments with cold ions Cooler trap 10 5 cold highly charged ions every 10 s Post decelerator SIS 400 MeV/u Idea: -store ions (Penning Trap), -cooling (4 K) -laser spectroscopy Doppler width of the HFS-transition at 4 K is about 30 MHz Stripper target ESR 4 MeV/u U 92+ Pb 81+ Bi 80, MHz / Hz ~ 10-7 Electron cooling and deceleration

5 Penning Trap: : Advantages Ions can be cooled -> small Doppler width z 0 r0 Ions are well localized -> excitation and detection easy Many ions in a dense cloud -> good fluorescence signal Long storage times -> good statistics, slow transitions can be measured

6 Experimental Sequence LC 4 K laser excitation (trap axis) magnetic field trapping localisation resistive cooling potential potential potential HCI close trap Trap electrodes D LC R Thermal bath Time const 4 τ = rotating wall potential Axial motion + laser excitation and detection of fluorescence light

7 Experimental Setup Bender, beam optics Ion bunch Room temperature electronics and connection to the world Helium and Nitrogen vapour outlets Cryogenic electronics Liquid Nitrogen Trap in vacuum chamber with windows Fluorescence detection Coils Liquid Helium Heat shields Vacuum pumps Excitation laser

8 Trap Design Demands: -trapping of ions (5keV/q transport energy) -cryogenic electronics and trap (4K) -axial access for ions and laser open end-caps -radial transparence (detection) mesh ring-electrode -harmonic trapping potential compensation

9 The Trap- Pictures Copper electrodes (OFHC), gold plated Macor Insulators (outer electrodes) Sapphire balls as Insulators (inner electrodes) 12 cm

10 Candidates for the Measurements For test experiments: M1-transitions in singly/doubly charged ions, e.g.: 207 Pb +, 2 P 1/2 2 P 3/2 (I=1/2, λ~710 nm) 35 Cl +, 3 P 1 D (I=3/2, λ~900 nm) 39 Ar 2+, 3 P 1 D (I=7/2, λ~750 nm) At HITRAP: 207 Pb 81+ (~1020 nm) 209 Bi 82+ (~244 nm) 209 Bi 80+ (~1555 nm)...

11 First Trap Tests- RF Mode No B field Penning operated as a radiofrequency (RF) trap Radial confinement by alternating voltage applied to the ring electrode and static voltage on the end-caps for capturing

12 The Test Setup Faraday cup endcap ring endcap -3 kv Channeltron Einzel lens +250 V 100 ev RF ~ Ar + source pa + Capturing and storing DC - DC + - trap potential bias potential ground Trap testing: Vary the trapping time Vary the trapping voltages Monitor the ion count Detection

13 Overview of the System Trap and optics voltage supplies Measuring cycle Channeltron

14 First Results Detected Count number of ions Bias Bias Voltage: Voltage: V V Trapping Trapping time time: 2 s 2 s RF ampitude 300 V (1 MHz) Detected Count number of ions ,7 * 10-8 mbar Trap voltage: 10 V Bias 10 voltage V DC 71 capture V RF 71 ampitude V bias300 V (1 MHz) Capture Trap voltage Voltage [V] [V] Trapping time [s] Dependence on the trap voltage as expected Strong dependence on RF amplitude

15 First Results continued Number Ionenzahl of ions N ,00 U DC / V ,00 60,00 80,00 -Successful trapping with parameters within calculated stability diagram ,0 120, , U AC / V 160,0

16 Conclusions Ions successfully trapped Trapping efficiency approximately 50 % Up to 300 ions stored with trapping half-lives of ~2.5 s Superconducting magnet on the way to GSI, Installation in June 2007 Installation of the HITRAP facility at GSI is on-going; expected operation time: early 2008

17 People involved Z. Andjelkovic W. Nörtershäuser M. Vogel D. Winters R. Thompson D. Segal G.Birkl C. Weinheimer V. Hannen

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