SPICE FOR POWER ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRIC POWER

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1 SPICE FOR POWER ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRIC POWER SECOND EDITION MUHAMMAD H. RASHID University of West Florida Pensacola, Florida, U.S.A. HASAN M. RASHID University of Florida Gainesville, Florida, U.S.A. Taylor & Francis Taylor & Francis Group Boca Raton London New York A CRC title, part of the Taylor & Francis imprint, a member of the Taylor & Francis Group, the academic division of T&F Informa pic.

2 Table of Contents Chapter 1 Introduction Introduction Descriptions of SPICE Types of Spice Types of Analysis Limitations of PSpice Descriptions of Simulation Software Tools PSpice Platform PSpice A/D PSpice Schematics OrCAD Capture PSpice Schematics vs. OrCAD Capture SPICE Resources Web Sites with Free SPICE Models Web Sites with SPICE Models SPICE and Circuit Simulation Information Sites Engineering Magazines with SPICE Articles 12 Suggested Reading 12 Chapter 2 Circuit Descriptions Introduction Input Files Nodes " Element Values Circuit Elements Element Models Sources Output Variables Types of Analysis PSpice Output Commands Format of Circuit Files Format of Output Files Examples of PSpice Simulations PSpice Schematics PSpice Schematics Layout PSpice A/D Probe 43

3 2.14 Importing Microsim Schematics in OrCAD Capture 45 Suggested Reading 50 Problems 50 Chapter 3 Denning Output Variables Introduction DC Sweep and Transient Analysis Voltage Output Current Output Power Output AC Analysis Voltage Output Current Output Output Markers Noise Analysis Summary 62 Chapter 4 Voltage and Current Sources Introduction Sources Modeling Pulse Source Typical Statements Piecewise Linear Source Typical Statement Sinusoidal Source Typical Statements Exponential Source Typical Statements Single-Frequency Frequency Modulation Source Typical Statements Independent Sources Independent Voltage Source Typical Statements Independent Current Source Typical Statements Schematic Independent Sources Dependent Sources Polynomial Source Typical Model Statements Voltage-Controlled Voltage Source Typical Statements Current-Controlled Current Source Typical Statements 80

4 4.4.4 Voltage-Controlled Current Source Typical Statements Current-Controlled Voltage Source Typical Statements Schematic Dependent Sources Behavioral Device Modeling VALUE Typical Statements TABLE Typical Statements LAPLACE Typical Statements FREQ Typical Statements 88 Summary 88 Suggested Reading 89 Problems 90 Chapter 5 Passive Elements Introduction Modeling of Elements Some Model Statements Operating Temperature Some Temperature Statements RLC Elements Resistor Some Resistor Statements Capacitor Some Capacitor Statements Inductor Some Inductor Statements Magnetic Elements and Transformers Linear Magnetic Circuits Nonlinear Magnetic Circuits Ill 5.6 Lossless Transmission Lines Switches Voltage-Controlled Switch Current-Controlled Switch Time-Dependent Switches Time-Dependent Close Switch Time-Dependent Open Switch 128 Summary 128 Suggested Reading 131 Problems 131

5 Chapter 6 Dot Commands Introduction Models MODEL (Model) SUBCKT (Subcircuit) ENDS (End of Subcircuit) FUNC (Function) GLOBAL (Global) LIB (Library File) INC (Include File) JPARAM (Parameter) STEP (Parametric Analysis) Types of Output PRINT (Print) PLOT (Plot) PROBE (Probe) 149 Probe Statements Probe Output WIDTH (Width) Operating Temperature and End of Circuit Options DC Analysis OP (Operating Point) NODESET (Nodeset) SENS (Sensitivity Analysis) TF (Small-Signal Transfer Function) DC (DC Sweep) AC Analysis Noise Analysis Transient Analysis IC (Initial Transient Conditions) TRAN (Transient Analysis) Fourier Analysis Monte Carlo Analysis Sensitivity and Worst-Case Analysis 192 Summary 195 Suggested Reading 195 Problems 196 Chapter 7 Diode Rectifiers Introduction Diode Model Diode Statement 204

6 7.4 Diode Characteristics Diode Parameters Modeling Zener Diodes Tabular Data Diode Rectifiers Laboratory Experiments Experiment DR Single-Phase Full-Wave Center-Tapped Rectifier Experiment DR Single-Phase Bridge Rectifier Experiment DR Three-Phase Bridge Rectifier Summary 237 Suggested Reading 237 Design Problems 237 Chapter 8 DC-DC Converters Introduction DC Switch Chopper BJT SPICE Model BJT Parameters Examples of BJT Choppers MOSFET Choppers MOSFET Parameters Examples of MOSFET Choppers IGBT Model Laboratory Experiment Experiment TP.l 281 DC Buck Chopper Experimental TP DC Boost Chopper Summary 283 Suggested Reading 284 Design Problems 285 Chapter 9 Pulse-Width-Modulated Inverters Introduction Voltage-Source Inverters Current-Source Inverters Laboratory Experiments Experiment PW.l 318 Single-Phase Half-Bridge Inverter 318

7 9.4.2 Experiment PW Single-Phase Full-Bridge Inverter Experiment PW Single-Phase Full-Bridge Inverter with PWM Control Experiment PW Single-Phase Full-Bridge Inverter with SPWM Control Experiment PW Three-Phase Bridge Inverter Experiment PW Single-Phase Current-Source Inverter Experiment PW Three-Phase Current-Source Inverter 322 Summary 324 Suggested Reading 324 Design Problems 324 Chapter 10 Resonant-Pulse Inverters Introduction Resonant-Pulse Inverters Zero-Current Switching Converters (ZCSC) Zero-Voltage Switching Converter (ZVSC) Laboratory Experiments Experiment RI.l 345 Single-Phase Half-Bridge Resonant Inverter Experiment RI Single-Phase Full-Bridge Resonant Inverter Experiment RI Push-Pull Inverter Experiment RI Parallel Resonant Inverter Experiment RI ZCSC Experiment RI ZVSC Summary 350 Suggested Reading 350 Design Problems 350 Chapter 11 Controlled Rectifiers Introduction AC Thyristor Model Controlled Rectifiers Examples of Controlled Rectifiers Switched Thyristor DC Model 388

8 11.6 GTO Thyristor Model Example of Forced-Commutated Rectifiers ; Laboratory Experiments Experiment TCI 403 Single-Phase Half-Wave Controlled Rectifier Experiment TC Single-Phase Full-Wave Controlled Rectifier Experiment TC Three-Phase Full-Wave Controlled Rectifier 405 Summary 405 Suggested Reading 406 Design Problems 406 Chapter 12 AC Voltage Controllers Introduction AC Thyristor Model AC Voltage Controllers Examples of AC Voltage Controllers Laboratory Experiments Experiment AC.l 437 Single-Phase AC Voltage Controller Experiment AC Three-Phase AC Voltage Controller Summary 440 Suggested Reading 440 Design Problems 440 Chapter 13 Control Applications Introduction Op-Amp Circuits DC Linear Models AC Linear Models Nonlinear Macromodels Control Systems Signal Conditioning Closed-Loop Current Control 472 Suggested Reading 480 Problems 480 Chapter 14 Characteristics of Electrical Motors Introduction DC Motor Characteristics Induction Motor Characteristics 490

9 Suggested Reading 494 Problems. 495 Chapter IS Simulation Errors, Convergence Problems, and Other Difficulties Introduction Large Circuits Running Multiple Circuits Large Outputs Long Transient Runs Convergence DC Sweep Bias-Point Calculation Transient Analysis Analysis Accuracy Negative Component Values Power Switching Circuits Model Parameters of Diodes and Transistors Error Tolerances Snubbing Resistor Quasi-Steady-State Condition Floating Nodes Nodes with Fewer than Two Connections Voltage Source and Inductor Loops Running PSpice Files on Spice Running Spice Files on PSpice Using Earlier Version of Schematics 519 Suggested Reading 520 Problems 520 Appendix A Running PSpice on PCs 523 A.I Installing PSpice Software in PCs 523 A.2 Creating Input Circuit Files 524 A.3 Running DOS Commands 526 A.4 PSpice Default Symbol Libraries 528 Bibliography 531 Index 533

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