ABSTRACT. Keywords- Optical Fiber Communication (OFC); Wavelength Division Multiplexed (WDM); Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifiers (EDFA) I.

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1 PERFORMANCE EVALUATIONS WITH EDFA OPTICAL LINK Devendra Kr.Tripathi Dept. of Electronics and Communication Engineering S.I.E.T Allahabad-U.P (India) ABSTRACT This paper explores the performance study for the optical design with Er-Yb co-doped fiber amplifier and the master-oscillator power amplifier by means of erbium doped fiber amplifier. Numerical simulations have been carried out for the numerous key performance parameters. The realization was successful and capitulate productive results. It depicted optimum performance with high pump power, length (10-12m) of eycdfa, higher doping (NEr and NYb) density, with higher preamplifier gain for the rectangular pattern. This illustration could be supportive towards forthcoming optical communication networks to endow with higher capacity and cost effective for the new applications for instance multimedia, the internet, video and most advanced digital communication services. Keywords- Optical Fiber Communication (OFC); Wavelength Division Multiplexed (WDM); Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifiers (EDFA) I. INTRODUCTION The present epoch is regarded as the telecommunication evolution. Fundamentally it worked out on the wireless and wired mode to transport the data to geographically scattered and remotely located subscribers. Accordingly, optical Fiber Communication (OFC) is one of the most trustworthy and established mode of data transportation. It has paved the way for high-speed communication over larger distances, over geographically separated areas, the Internet and the free stream of information to facilitate nowadays information culture. For that it exercises optical transport link. Accordingly the link should be efficiently utilized and process of making the most efficient utilization of the existing channel capability is referred as multiplexing. Amongst different techniques that could accomplish this is wavelength division multiplexing (WDM)[1-4]. The WDM link comprised of numerous components. Amongst that amplifier is one of the vital ingredients. Now a days the role of optical amplifiers in particular the erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) has beyond anything, stimulated the massive boost in capability and reach in communication systems, in recent years [5]. These amplifiers with large gain bandwidth have made possible wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) technology. Facilitate to augment the single fiber capacity by adding together numerous parallel channels situated alongside on a grid of wavelength. Moreover, these amplifiers are with the low noise figure has omitted the need for expensive cyclic electro-optic regeneration. A single modern EDFA could concurrently amplify numerous WDM channels exclusive of electro-optic translation or without employing high-speed electronics [6-7]. Performance evaluation for the EDFA and FRA hybrid amplification used in the DWDM transmission system compared by using a separate EDFA amplifier, showed that a wider gain and higher-noise ratio could be obtained [8]. Along with emergence of Erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFA) transformed optical fiber communications, with enormous bandwidth, in term of multi-wavelength signals, enough pump energy available, amplify as many optical signals as can be packed into its EDFA gain window. Thus amplifying multiplicity of channels and allowed overall DWDM system performance favored for the longer distance communication [9].The performance of 32, 64 and 96Gbps channel DWDM at 20Gbps data rate, simulated with EDFA, Raman Amplifier, hybrid optical amplifiers over the 300 km transmission span with numerous single mode fibers. The investigations illustrated good outcome altogether with feasibility for the impending designs [10].Further performance studied modulation formats (NRZ/RZ/RZ- Super Gaussian) for numerous data rates for the impact of EDFA power, Super Gaussian 3rd to 5th order, raised cosine optical filter, EDFA power 6dBm, FWHM 10ps to 60ps, post and symmetric compensation schemes exhibited with acceptable performance[11-12]. Study with a hybrid configuration with an Er-Yb co-doped waveguide amplifier (EYDWA) and a semiconductor optical amplifier for Gb/s dense wavelength division multiplexed system at 0.2 nm interval with a novel flat-gain optical amplifier was proposed. The EYDWA-SOA hybrid amplifier shown with a flat gain of >14 db attained with a gain deviation of the order of 0.75 db not including any gain clamping method [13]. A further simulation with four stage enhancement circuits has been designed with EDFA to characterize Gain, Noise Figure and optical signal to noise ratio (OSNR), for different types of pump power. For the EDFA it results in with reasonably improved gain and noise figure spectrum [14]. In the study to diminish the different rain attenuations effect of on the combined WDM-FSO system illustrated with adding up Erbium doped fiber amplifier. Further demonstrated augment in the strength of the weak signal [15]. Another doped fiber amplifier with Erbium EDFA simulation for gain characteristics was proposed with a WDM system with 16

2 sixteen channels functioning in the band C. Initially analysis was done with an EDFA amplifier working alone. Further for an EDFA in combination with GFF a filter of flat gain [16].Accordingly so many excellent investigations have been carried out in this direction by the sincere researchers. Still they lack on certain constrains and away from the practical actuality that is much required. So, in this vision this article explores the design and performance study with optical link accompanied by Erbium doped fiber amplifier. For that numerous key parameters are to be explored. The complete article has been organized as begin with the introduction followed by design presentation, accompanied by the results and discussion and the conclusion sections. [a] [b] II. CW LASER THEORY AND DESIGN PRESENTATION EDFA PRE-AMPLIFIER EYCDFA PUMP CW-LASER OUTPUT MONITOR [c] Figure 1(a) The design presentation (b) EDFA (c) Energy levels The design for the optical link is accompanied by an EDFA as the master-oscillator power amplifier and a fiber amplifier Er-Yb co-doped fiber amplifier (EYCDFA). For that the schematic is illustrated in the Figure 1.Here a continuous wave laser source is first pre-amplified by means of an erbium doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) of suitable gain altogether with EYCDFA which is a cladding-pumped design, by the backward pumping at the 975 nm. Subsequently it enhances the signal to enormously higher power output. Here the core mode outline is characterized by means of LP01 approach. Here, EYCDFA output power is computed as a function of source wavelength and the pump power. The numerical simulations executed are observed on the output scope. Here the used Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA) consisting of a few meters of optical fiber doped with a few parts per million of the rare earth element erbium as shown in figure. Pump signal light source is used to inject the optical signal into this fiber, which is designed to stimulate the erbium ions. The Erbium is accompanied by numerous energy levels, although its ions are generally in the ground state (unexcited). These ions could be excited with a nanometer pump laser into the initial excited state. Such spontaneous emission could build up in the optical amplifier referred to as amplified spontaneous emission or ASE. It(ASE) is an unwanted effect and inserts noise to the optical amplifier system. If an optical signal is incoming at around 1550nm though, it could creates some of those excited ions to collapse to the ground state and provide a photon each. It is termed as stimulated emission as the signal is directly creates the photons to be emitted. The released photons were at the accurately identical wavelength as the signal. So it is now a part of the signal. The signal now has more photons representing it than before and amplified. This process could continue down the few meters of this fiber. Until large number of photons have joined the signal photons and the signal has been significantly amplified. It could occur at a number of wavelengths around 17

3 1550nm.The amplification could be attained via advanced EDFA designs for signals between approximately 1530nm and 1580nm.It is known as C-band (Conventional-band) amplification. EDFAs could be designed to give amplification in between approximately 1580nm and 1610nm, which is recognized as the L-band (Long-band) [17]. III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION To establish communication optical amplifiers are one of the vital ingredients, for that a numerical simulations of the design consisting of Erbium doped fiber amplifier is executed. Here, the design is accompanied with Er-Yb codoped fiber amplifier (EYCDFA) and master-oscillator power amplifier using an EDFA, for the key design parameters simulations are carried out. Accordingly, numerous results are illustrated in the Figure1 to Figure11. Figure2. Optical power vs. pump power vs. source wavelength Figure3. Optical power vs. pump power vs. length of eycdfa Figure1. Optical power vs. pump power vs. source wavelength Figure4. Optical power vs. pump power vs. Er doping 18

4 Figure5. Optical power vs. pump power vs. N-yb doping Figure7. Optical power vs. pump power vs. NA Figure8. Optical power vs. pump power vs. source line width Figure6. Optical power vs. pump power vs. source wavelength Figure9. Optical power vs. Pump power vs. preamp gain 19

5 Figure10. Optical power vs. Cladd area (Aclad) optical power. It depicts that with hike in the pump power the there is rise in the resulting optical power for source wavelengths. The Figure2 illustrates the implementation for the core radius vs. pump power as against the consequential optical power. It depicts that with hike in the pump power the there is rise in the resulting optical power. The Figure3 demonstrates simulations for the eycdfalength vs. pump power as against the consequential optical power. It describes that with hike in the pump power and length of eycdfa the there is rise in the resulting optical power. The Figure4 points out the execution for the doping density vs. pump power as against the consequential optical power. It shows that with hike in the pump power the there is rise in the resulting optical power. The explorations for the pump power vs. doping density and the resulting output optical power is demonstrated in the Figure5. It describes that with hike in the pump power the there is rise in the resulting optical power. Numerical simulation for the rectangular and Gaussian patterns for the variation of the pump power vs. source wavelength and resulting output optical power is illustrated in the Figure 6.It depicts that with hike in the pump power the there is rise in the resulting optical power. Figure7 demonstrates the numerical simulation for the variation of the numerical aperture vs. the pump power vs. the output optical power for the rectangular pattern. It depicts there is augment in resulting optical power with rise in optical power. For the range of source line width vs. pump power vs. the optical power as illustrated in the Figure 8 and Figure 9 for variation of pre amplifier gain.it shows higher optical power with higher pump power. The Figure10 illustrate the execution of the range of clad area vs. the optical power and as against core radius (rcore). It demonstrates that there is rise in optical power with hike in clad area. Figure 11 shows that with raise in core radius and clad area noise power diminish for both forward and backward pumping. Figure11 Noise power vs. claddarea vs. core radius with pumping (a) Forward (b) Backward The Figure1 illustrates the design execution for the source wavelength vs. pump power as against the consequential IV. CONCLUSION The optical amplifiers are one of the vital constituents of the any optical communication link. Amongst Erbium doped fiber amplifier is significant ingredients inherited by its numerous good attributes. For that investigation with designed link has been successfully executed. It explored optimal performance with higher pumping power, higher doping (NEr and NYb) density along with higher preamplifier gain for the rectangular pattern. It also inferred 20

6 that its gain rely upon the length of eycdfa. This study could be aid to design optical links with enhanced capacity in order that to compete with upcoming communication network demand. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Thanks to J.K.Institute Allahabad, Dept. of EC (University of Allahabad) for providing the software OptSim(R-Soft) optical communication system. REFERENCES [1] Warren D, Moore J (2001) Multiplexing in fiber optic connections. Summer ventures in science & maintenance. [2] Ishio H, Minowa J, Nosu K, Review and status of wavelengthdivisionmultiplexing Technology and its application, J Light wave Techno vol.2, pp , [3] Winzer G WDM components review, J Light wave Technol,vol. 2,pp ,1984. [4] G.P Agrwal, Fiber Optic communication system,3 rd edition. [5] A. K. Srivastava and Y. Sun. Optical Fiber Telecommunications IVA,Chapter 4. Advances in Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifiers, pp , Academic Press, [6] D.K.Tripathi, Pallavi Singh, et.al, Study in F.O.C. Multiplexing Techniques-A Review, Journal of Electrical Engineering & Electronic Technology, vol.3 (1), pp. 1-23, [7] E. B. Desurvire. Capacity Demand and Technology Challenges for Light wave Systems in the Next Two Decades, Journal of Light wave Technology, vol. 24, no. 12, pp , Dec [8] Gao Yan, Cui Xiaorong, The Simulation of the Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing System Based on Hybrid Amplifier 2009 Second International Symposium on Electronic Commerce and Security, , [9] Biswanath Mukherjee, Optical WDM Networks, Springer, New York, [10] D K. Tripathi, Performance Investigations With 1.92 Tbps, 1.28 Tbps, And 640gbps Dwdm Links Over Smf s International Journal Of Research In Technology And Management (IJRTM), Volume 2 Issue 1, Feb., pp1-7,feb [11] Rajni, Pal R, Sharma V, Comparison of Pre-, Post- and Symmetrical- Dispersion Compensation Schemes for 10/15Gbps using Different Modulation Formats at Various Optical Power Levels using Standard and ispersion Compensated Fibers, IJCA,vol. 50,pp. 6-8,2012. [12] Tripathi DK, Singh P, Shukla NK, Dixit HK, Study in order and width of RZ super Gaussian pulse for different bit rate optical communication link with dispersion managed SMF (G655), 2012,IEEE-Conf. 2nd ICPCES-2012-MNNITAllahabad-India,2012. [13] Simranjit Singh, R. S. Kaler, Novel Optical Flat-Gain Hybrid Amplifier for DWDM Syste, IEEE PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY LETTERS. 26(2), pp , [14] Samiksha Jain, Manish Saxena, Gain and Noise Figure Characteristic of EDFA by Four Stage Method, International Journal of Computer Applications, Vol. 124 No.1, pp.8-11, August [15] Amrutha Sara Koshy, Jaini Sara Babu, Impact of Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier on WDM-FSO System under Rain Attenuations, International Journal of Advanced Research in Electrical, Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering, Vol. 5, Issue 2, pp , February [16] Paul E. Rodas ; Edwin J. Coronel, Simulation and analysis of a gain flat filter GFF for the correction of gain fluctuations produced by an EDFA amplifier for a WDM system, Santiago, CHILEAN, IEEE Conference on Electrical, Electronics Engineering, Information and Communication Technologies (CHILECON), pp ,28-30 Oct [17] Module 15, nptel, Erbium doped fiber amplifier. 21

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