PLASMA BUILD-UP and CONFINEMENT IN URAGAN-2M DEVICE
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1 PLASMA BUILD-UP and CONFINEMENT IN URAGAN-2M DEVICE V.E. Moiseenko, A.V. Lozin, M.M. Kozulya, Yu.K. Mironov, V.S. Romanov, A.N. Shapoval, V.G. Konovalov, V.V. Filippov, V.B. Korovin, A. Yu. Krasyuk, V.V. Chechkin, L.I. Grigor eva, V.S. Voitsenya and I.E. Garkusha NSC Kharkiv Institute of Physics and Technology, Akademichna St. 1, Kharkiv, Ukraine
2 Plasma production and heating in U-2M is performed by the RF power. Uragan-2M device It has both helical and toroidal field coils Major radius R=1.7 m Minor plasma radius a.24m Toroidal magnetic field - B 2.4 Т For Kφ=.31 ι()=.34, ι(a)=.47 Pumping rate 2x4 dm 3 /s Kφ is a ratio of the toroidal magnetic field induced by the helical winding to the total toroidal field Initial aim of the device is studying Initial goal of the device is studying of the magnetic confinement. After accidental injection of the vacuum oil from the pumping system to the vacuum chamber the studies become restricted to RF wall conditioning and support of the fusion-fission hybrid development.
3 Setup of "Uragan-2M" - top view 1. helical windings; 2. (coil is in the housing) and 6 (coil is in section) 16 toroidal field coils (coils numbered); 3. currentfeeds, 4. bandage fastenings at the place of separation of the vacuum chamber and helical windings in two moveable halves; 5. detachable joints of helical windings; 7. vacuum ports 8. 8 coils of vertical compensation field, diagnostic tools
4 RF antennas Frame antenna 4-strap antenna Small frame antenna New central strap of crankshaft antenna Crankshaft antenna
5 Alfvén resonance heating scheme KAW SQEW, Plasma density v > v Te v A A = ω / k FAW v < v Te A Fast wave field antenna Alfvén resonance condition Radius ε = ω ω ω /( pα Bα) α k = (n+m / q) / R 2 2 k = k ε, where k = ω / c 2 2 FAW cut-off condition = k (ε + g) k
6 U-2M RF discharge The discharge parameters are B =.37 T, p H2 =1-3 Pa. A small-power frame antenna pulse (f=4.1 MHz) goes first (t=1-16 ms) and makes the target plasma. The crankshaft antenna pulse (f=4.5 MHz) goes second (t=16-24 ms). P RF 15 kw. Time dependence of electron temperature evaluated from SXR measurements and optical emission (a.u.). Vertical magenta dotted lines indicate start and stop of the crankshaft antenna RF pulse The light impurity radiation barrier is passed at the beginning of the discharge. After few ms the discharge fades owing to contamination by impurities.
7 U-2M short RF discharge This discharge is as previous, but the crankshaft antenna pulse terminates earlier (t=19 ms). The light impurity radiation barrier is passed at the beginning of the discharge. No contamination by impurities is observed. Time dependence of optical emissions (a.u.)
8 Influence of vertical magnetic field on the discharge #43 I cor =1A #74 I cor =25A Variation of the current in correction coils (I cor =-8A +8A) allows one to control the radial position of the plasma column. For the I cor value of 1A the discharge parameters are higher.
9 Chord measurements of optical emissions The chord measurements of CV and OV line intensities are made shot by shot. The coverage area is central. The chord parameter is z coordinate of the chord footprint at the opposite wall of the vacuum chamber
10 CV and OV emissions I CV, a.u I cor =1A kφ=,34 FULL CONFIGURATION t,ms 17, , ,5 2 2,5 21 I OV, a.u kφ=, FULL CONFIGURATION I cor =1A t,ms 17 17, , ,5 2 2, I cor =25A p, cm p, cm I cor =25A I CV, a.u. 2 I OV, a.u p, cm p,cm The chord distribution of CV is flattened, especially for the maximum intensities (at t=19.5 ms). OV distribution is hollow. This indicates existence of hollow profiles and presence of C 5+ and O 5+ ions in the discharge.
11 Independent operation of crankshaft antenna Time dependence of optical emissions (a.u.) With a new, more wiggled central strap, the crankshaft antenna is able to create plasma idependently
12 U-2M experiments in support for stellarator-mirror hybrid concept Continuous neutral beam injection (NBI) may be used to sustain hot ions. The scheme of NBI similar to addressed D.D. Ryutov (21) is considered. The NBI is normal to the magnetic field and targets plasma just near the fission mantle border. MOISEENKO V.E., et al J Fusion Energy 29 (21) 65. To drive a sub-critical system, the neutrons are generated in deuterium-tritium plasma confined magnetically in a stellarator-type system. Plasma contains warm electron component. The majority of ions (deuterium) are in thermal equilibrium with the electrons. Stellarator provides steady-state operation of the device and offers relatively good confinement for such warm Maxwellian plasma. The hot minority tritium ions are sustained in plasma by radio-frequency (RF) heating. Since high energy ions are poorly confined in stellarator, it is proposed to embed into it a mirror trap with lower magnetic field. The hot ions are supposed to have predominantly perpendicular to the confining magnetic field velocity. Because of mirror trapping effect, their motion is restricted to the mirror part of the device. The localization of the hot sloshing ions and the neutron generating zone to the mirror part is beneficial. It allows to surround the neutron generating zone by a local fission mantle and place all the plasma diagnostics and plasma control aside the fission reactor where the neutron flux is low. V. E. MOISEENKO, et al., 214 Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion
13 Magnetic surfaces in a stellarator with embedded mirror A stellarator with embedded mirror can be modeled in Uragan-2M by switching off one coil of toroidal field. The magnetic surfaces structure of the Uragan-2M torsatron: mode kϕ.24, -14 cm. The mirror created has a mirror ratio ~ 1.5. Then the trapped ion motion is analyzed numerically using constancy of the longitudinal (second) adiabatic invariant. V. E. MOISEENKO, et al., 214 Problems of Atomic Sc. and Tech., 6. p. 26 Magnetic surfaces structure in Uragan-2M when the toroidal magnetic field coil number 8 was switched off. Magnetic surfaces structures in Uragan-2M when the toroidal magnetic field coil number 14 was switched off.
14 .8 ε=.8, A= Drift surfaces calculated ε=.8, A=.5 ε=.8, A=.1 ε=.7, A= z/r_ -.2 z/r_ -.2 z/r_ -.2 z/r_ R/R_ In calculations the normalized energy ε and electric potential A are varied. To be confined, it is sufficient for an ion to have just 1% of total energy in the potential energy in the electric field. z/r_ R/R_ ε=.8, A= R/R_ z/r_ R/R_ ε=.8, A= R/R_ z/r_ R/R_ ε=.9, A= R/R_
15 Plasma production and heating in Uragan- 2m with one disabled toroidal coil When the toroidal coil No. 5 is disabled it is possible to find a regime when plasma is created and heated. One of them is presented in the figure. In general, the plasma parameters are lower then with the standard magnetic configuration. Time dependence of optical emission (a.u.). B =.37 T, p H2 =1-3 Pa, Kφ=.34. I cor =1A.
16 CV emission chord distribution I CV, a.u I cor = -4A kφ=,24 Coil 5 disabled t,ms 17, , ,5 I CV, a.u I cor = -2A p, cm p,cm In contrast to the standard regime, the chord distribution is peaked. For bigger value of the correction magnetic field, I cor =25A, the distribution of CV is similar, but the intensity is lower.
17 Conclusions The radiation barrier of light impurities is passed for the first time at Uragan-2M device. This gives a prospect to use this device for plasma confinement studies; The same is done, but with lower performance, when one toroidal magnetic field coil is switched off. Plasma production and confinement in such a regime is a step towards a plasma device of the hybrid machine; A new version of the crankshaft antenna performs well for plasma production and heating in the Alfvén resonance regime.
18 Thank you!
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