社団法人 電子情報通信学会 THE THEINSTITUTE OF ELECTRONICS, OF ELECTRONICS, INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERS ENGINEERS 信学技報 IEICE Technica

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1 社団法人 電子情報通信学会 THE THEINSTITUTE OF ELECTRONICS, OF ELECTRONICS, INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERS ENGINEERS IEICE Technical IEICE Report Report of Vivaldi,,,,, () / r-kitano@aero.osakafu-u.ac.jp, manabe@ieee.org, {nishibori.toshiyuki, haruyama.junichi}@jaxa.jp, h-watanabe@um.u-tokyo.ac.jp, hm@um.u-tokyo.ac.jp, UHF, /4.,, (S 11),, Electromagnetic analysis and performance evaluation of a Vivaldi antenna for the Ground Penetrating Radar method to study subsurface-structures of solid bodies in the solar system Ryo KITANO, Takeshi MANABE, Toshiyuki NISHIBORI, Junichi HARUYAMA, Hiroki WATANABE and Hideaki MIYAMOTO Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Nakaku, Sakai, Osaka , Japan Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki , Japan / Institute of Space and Astronautical Science Yoshinodai 3-1-1, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara City, Kanagawa , Japan School of Science, University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyoku, Tokyo , Japan University Museum, University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyoku, Tokyo , Japan Abstract Ground penetrating radar is a powerful sensor to explore subsurface structures on solid planets in future lunar or planetary exploration mission. This paper describes the results of preliminary design and electromagnetic-field analysis of Vivaldi antennas to be used for ground penetrating radars exploring the Moon or asteroids. Their performances are compared with those for a λ/4-patch type monopole antenna. The radiation patterns and the return-loss characteristics were measured for prototype models. Based on the results of the analysis and the measurements, the various design parameters required for lunar and planetary ground penetrating antennas are discussed. Keyword Radar, Vivaldi AntennaAntenna-Pattern 1. [1] [2] [3] (SELENE) (Lunar Radar Sounder: LRS[4]) 1 km HF km 4 m

2 [5]LRS m m 2 cm [9]....,,, TEM 3 MHz9 MHz UHF [6] 3. HFSS3 S S (type, type1, type2), /4., FR-4, 4.8,. [7] UHF S 1 type 2 type1 S 4 / type2, VHF.,., [8].,, 1 type mm 85.6 mm mm 1mm.1 mm 1.8 mm.,. 3 MHz 8 MHz UHF (balanced antipodal Vivaldi antenna). 2 type mm mm mm 1mm.1 mm 1.8 mm,

3 3 type mm mm 26.6 mm 1mm.1 mm 1.8 mm /4 S 11,., type2,. 4 /4 5. mm 5. mm 1mm.1 mm 1.8 mm 4. FR-4( ),. BNC.. type type1. type2 type1. S S 11. S S 11,., ( 6). 6 5 S S MHz. 5 type 8 MHz S 11, S 11 8 MHz. type type1 7 MHz S 11-1 db, 1.1GHz-1 db. S S 11, -1 db. type1 4MHz. type2 S 11 6 MHz -1 db, 1GHz-1 db,. S S 11. 7, db... FR-4, , 4.8.,,.,.

4 db ation. 8 13,,., 3, MHz., 7.,.., /4. /4 2 Eplane Hplane MHz Eplane 9 5MHz Hplane /4 8., 1 7MHz Eplane 11 7MHz Hplane., /4. 5.,.., 1 GHz, 12 9MHz Eplane 13 9MHz Hplane. 1 GHz

5 ., 1GHz 4 MHz., /4 2 MHz,.,., type2,,. [1] H. Miyamoto, J. Haruyama, T. Kobayashi, K. Suzuki, T. Okada, T. Nishibori, A.P. Showman, R. Lorenz, K. Mogi, D.A. Crown, J.A.P. Rodriguez,. R. Okugawa, T. Tokunaga, and K. Masumoto, Mapping the structure and depth of lava tubes using ground penetrating radar, Geophys. Res. Lett., vol. 32, L21316, doi:1.129/25gl24159, 25. [2] H. Miyamoto, J. Haruyama, S. Rokugawa, et al., Acquisition of Ground Penetrationg Radar data to detect lava tubes: Preliminary results on the Komoriana cave at Fuji volcano in Japan, Bull. Eng. Geol. Env., vol. 62, pp , 23. [3] R. E. Grimm, E. Heggy, S. Clifford, C. Dinwiddie, R. McGinnis, and D. Farrel, Absorption and scattering in ground-penetrating radar: Analysis of the Bishop Tuff, J. Geophys. Res., vol. 111, E6S2, 15, 26. [4] T. Ono, A. Kumamoto, H. Nakagawa, Y. Yamaguchi, S. Oshigami, A. Yamaji, T. Kobayashi, Y. Kasahara, and H. Oya, Lunar Radar Sounder observation of subsurface layers under the nearside maria of the Moon, Science, vol. 323, no. 5916, pp , Feb. 29. [5] T. Kobayashi, J. H. Kim, S. R. Lee, H. Araki, and T. Ono, Simultaneous observation of lunar radar sounder and laser altimeter of Kaguya for lunar regolith layer thickness estimate, IEEE Geosci. Remote Sensing Letters, vol. 7, no. 3, pp , July 21. [6] P. J. Gibson, The Vivaldi aerial, Proc. 9the European Microwave Conference, Brighton, U. K., June [7] J. D. S. Langley, P. S. Hall, and P. Newham, Balanced antipodal Vivaldi antenna for wide bandwidth phased arrays, IEE Proc. Microwaves, Antennas and Propagat., vol. 143, no. 2, pp , Apr [8], C. vol. J85-C, no. 7, pp , July 22. [9] E. Gazit, Improved design of the Vivaldi antenna, IEEE Proc. vol. 135, Pt. H, no. 2, pp , April 1988.