EEE 461 Communication Systems II Lecture Presentation 2

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1 EEE 461 Communication Systems II Lecture Presentation 2 Aykut HOCANIN Dept. of Electrical and Electronic Engineering 1/15 EEE 461 Communication Systems II

2 5.1: Multilevel Modulated Bandpass Signaling In the last lecture we discussed bandpass digital modulation: The binary and multilevel signals for ASK modulation are shown in Fig. 2. The binary signals for PSK modulation are shown in Fig. 3. With multilevel signaling digital inputs with more than two levels are allowed on the transmitter input. Multilevel signals can be generated by using a digital-to-analog converter (DAC). 2/15 EEE 461 Communication Systems II

3 MPSK If the transmitter is a PM (phase modulation) transmitter with M-level digital modulation signal, M ary phase shift keying (MPSK) is generated. The complex envelope is given by g(t) = A c e jθ(t). The phase θ(t) is permitted to have only M values. For example DAC values of 3V, 1V, +1V and +3V correspond to PSK phases of, 9, 18 and 27 respectively. When M = 4, we have the resulting signaling is called QPSK (Quadrature phase-shift-keyed). MPSK can also be generated using two quadrature carriers modulated by the x and y components of the complex envelope: g(t) = A c e jθ(t) = x(t) + jy(t) 3/15 EEE 461 Communication Systems II

4 where the permitted values of x and y are x i = A c cos θ i and y i = A c sin θ i for the permitted phase angles of θ i, i = 1, 2,..., M. 4/15 EEE 461 Communication Systems II

5 Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) QAM signal constellations are not restricted to having signaling points only on a circle of radius A c (This is unlike MPSK). The general QAM signal is where the complex envelope is s(t) = x(t) cos ω c t y(t) sin ω c t g(t) = x(t) + jy(t) = R(t)e jθ(t) OQPSK and π/4 QPSK Offset quadrature phase-shift keying (OQPSK) is M = 4 PSK in which the allowed data transitition times for the I and Q components are offset by a 1/2 symbol interval. 5/15 EEE 461 Communication Systems II

6 A π/4 quadrature phase-shift keying (π/4 QPSK) signal is generated by alternating between two QPSK constellations that are rotated by π/4 with respect to each other. 6/15 EEE 461 Communication Systems II

7 Binary sequence m (t ) s (t ) (a) T BASK signal A -A (b) Figure 1: (a)binary modulating signal, (b)binary ASK signal. (C. Lee) 7/15 EEE 461 Communication Systems II

8 Binary sequence m (t ) (a) 4-ary signal s (t ) (b) 3 A 4-ASK signal A -A -3 A T (c) T Figure 2: (a) Binary signal, (b) 4 ary signal (c) 4 ASK signal. (C. Lee) 8/15 EEE 461 Communication Systems II

9 Binary sequence m (t ) s (t ) (a) T BPSK signal A -A (b) Figure 3: (a)binary signal, (b)binary PSK (BPSK) signal. (C. Lee) 9/15 EEE 461 Communication Systems II

10 Binary sequence s (t ) (a) 4-PSK signal A -A T T (b) Figure 4: (a)binary signal, (b)4 PSK signal. (C. Lee) 1/15 EEE 461 Communication Systems II

11 Q φ IQ Diagram I Figure 5: QPSK signal constellation (permitted values of the complex envelope.)(s. Mandayam) 11/15 EEE 461 Communication Systems II

12 Q I Octophase I-Q Constellation Figure 6: MPSK signal constellation (permitted values of the complex envelope.) (S. Mandayam) 12/15 EEE 461 Communication Systems II

13 Q IQ Diagram 11 1 π/4 I 1 Figure 7: π/4 QPSK. (S. Mandayam) 13/15 EEE 461 Communication Systems II

14 Q I 16-QAM I-Q Constellation Figure 8: 16 Symbol QAM constellation (four levels per dimension) (S. Mandayam). 14/15 EEE 461 Communication Systems II

15 Figure 9: 16 Symbol QAM constellation (four levels per dimension). (Couch 21) 15/15 EEE 461 Communication Systems II

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