NATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATION AGENCY

Transcription

1 NATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATION AGENCY ACT No OF FEBRUARY 18, 2013 THE SUPERINTENDENT OF RADIOFREQUENCY AND SUPERVISION OF THE NATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS AGENCY - ANATEL, in exercise of the powers conferred on it by Directive No. 186 of April 19, 2006, and; WHEREAS the competence given by sub-items XIII and XIV of Article 19 of Law 9472/97 - General Telecommunications Law; WHEREAS the sub-items I and II of Article 9 th of the Regulations for the Certification and Homologation of Telecommunication Products, approved by Resolution No. 242 of November 30, 2000; and Equipment. WHEREAS the Regulation on Restricted Radiation Radio Communication RESOLVES: Art. 1 st Approve publication of procedures for technical conformity assessment test of Radio Communication Equipment of Restricted Radiation in the laboratory environment, in the form of the Annex to this Act. Art. 2 nd Determine that, after 180 (one hundred eighty) days from the date of publication of this Act, compliance with the provisions contained in the Test Procedure for Restricted Radiation Equipment will be compulsory. Art. 3 rd The test procedures in Annex will be published on the Anatel website. Art. 4 th This Act shall enter into force on the date of its publication. MARCUS VINICIUS PAOLUCCI

2 ANNEX OF ACT No. 1135, OF FEBRUARY 18, TEST PROCEDURE FOR RESTRICTED RADIATION EQUIPMENT 1. OBJECTIVE 1.1. This document is intended to guide laboratories and OCDs as to the test procedure used in the technical conformity assessment of Restricted Radiation Equipment, in processes of certification and homologation of telecommunications products. 2. APPLICABLE REGULATION 2.1. Regulation for certification and homologation of telecommunications products Standard for certification and homologation of telecommunications products Regulation about Radiocommunication Equipments of Restricted Radiation Technical requirements for Certification of Telecommunications Products. 3. GENERAL GUIDELINES 3.1. This guidance defines the test methods applicable to Restricted Radiation Equipment operating in the band of 9 khz to 40 GHz The test procedures contained in this document set out the minimum requirements needed for standardization of methods, instruments and facilities used in the laboratory environment for carrying out the tests. 4. DEFINITIONS I. Center Frequency: equipment function which defines the center frequency to be observed. II. Duty Cycle: is the value of the sum of the widths of pulses in a period (or 100ms), divided by the period size (or 100ms). III. EIRP: equivalent power isotropically radiated. IV. ERP: power effectively radiated V. EUT: equipment under test (ESE). VI. EMI: electromagnetic interference. VII. Frequency Span*: equipment function which defines the frequency window to be observed. VIII. Effective Bandwidth (EBW): is the width of the signal between two points, one below and one above the fundamental frequency, which are 26 db below the amplitude of the central frequency. IX. Max Hold: function of the measuring equipment that keeps the maximum measurement performed. 1/26

3 X. Peak Conducted Maximum Power**: maximum power level measured with a peak detector using a filter with a width and shape sufficient to measure correctly the signal bandwidth. XI. Resolution Bandwidth (RBW): resolution of the spectrum analyzer filter. XII. Average value: measurement result of the physical quantity in question when using an average value detector as specified by CISPR 16. XIII. Peak value: measurement result of the physical quantity in question when using a measuring instrument with peak value detector as specified by CISPR 16. XIV. Quasi-Peak value: measurement result of the physical quantity in question when using a quasi-peak value detector as specified by CISPR 16. XV. Video Bandwidth (VBW): video bandwidth. XVI. Video trigger: function of the equipment that initiates the measurement (or measurements) after adjusted trigger level has been reached. * The frequency span can be reduced to 0 Hz, in this case, the measure is similar to a oscilloscope (amplitude versus time). ** The maximum conducted output power is defined as the total transmit power provided for all antennas and antenna elements when the transmitter is operating with the maximum power possible to be adjusted in its control software. 5. GENERAL TEST CONDITIONS 5.1. The use of appropriate measuring instruments is essential for obtaining accurate and reproducible measurement results. However, other equipment besides those presented herein can be used to perform the measurements provided that it is proven that the method is capable of producing equivalent results to the set forth herein Measuring equipment This procedure recognizes that both spectrum analyzers and EMI receptors (EMI Receiver) can be used to perform emission measurements. Such instruments shall be in conformity with the standards: -ANSI C63.2, or - CISPR A spectrum analyzer will not normally meet all requirements present in ANSI C63.2 or CISPR 16 without the use of additional accessories. Appropriate accessories such as pre-selection filters, quasi-peak detector and specific FI filters may be used in conjunction with the spectrum analyzer. This combination may be equivalent to a receptor which meets the requirements in any specification. 2/26

4 5.3. Care with the use of spectrum analyzers and EMI receivers The use of spectrum analyzer is allowed for the measurement of conducted and radiated emissions. Must be taken into consideration that the analyzers without additional accessories do not meet the assumptions set out in general conditions for radiated emission To meet the assumptions of general conditions for radiated emission, the spectrum analyzer must be equipped with the quasi-peak detector set as the reference detector for measurements up to 1GHz. However, it is permitted to perform measurements using the peak detector to show compliance the requirement, since this detector will produce equal or greater amplitudes as the ones measured with quasi-peak detector. When this detector is used, the results presented will be more discerning and this condition should be clearly stated in the test report By using spectrum analyzers and EMI receivers the following conditions must be observed: a) Overload: the majority of RF spectrum analyzers have no pre-selection in the frequency band up to 2 GHz, that is, the input signal drives directly a wide band mixer. To avoid overload and damage that preclude the analyzer to operate in its linear response region, the amplitude of the incoming signal to the mixer should be less than 150 mv of peak. The use of input attenuators or pre-selectors may be required to satisfy this condition. b) Linearity Test: The linearity can be checked by measuring a specific signal and repeating the measuring after the addition of an external attenuator 6 db at measuring input. A new reading of the amplitude signal must not differ from initial one of ± 0,5 db. For pulsed signals, the linearity test may be performed using the Max Hold function. c) Signal Acquisition: The frequency spectrum that varies in time may be captured with the peak detection function (unless otherwise indicated in specific regulation) and sweeps must be performed according to Table 1 below: Frequency Band RBW 9 khz to 150 khz 1 khz 150 khz to 30 MHz 10 khz 30 MHz to 1000 MHz 100 khz Above 1 GHz 1 MHz Table 1 - Values of RBW to be used in peak sweep 3/26

5 d) Multiple sweeps, slow or faster sweeps can be used for correct signal Acquisition: The sweeps start time can be varied to prevent that no synchronization with a periodic or pulsed transmition equipment hides the signal to be measured. The total observation time for a given frequency range must always be longer than the time between emissions. e) Depending on the type of disturbance, measurements with peak detector can replace all or part of the necessary measurements as a quasi-peak detector is used. In this condition, re-testing using a quasi-peak detector will be then performed at frequencies where the maximum emissions are found. f) The frequency spectrum that varies in time may be captured with the peak detection function (unless otherwise indicated in specific regulation). The sweeps up to 1000 MHz should be performed using a bandwidth of 100 khz and other frequencies should be using a 1 MHz RBW. Multiple sweeps, slow or faster sweeps can be used for correct signal Acquisition: The sweeps start time can be varied to prevent that no synchronization with a periodic or pulsed transmition equipment hides the signal to be measured. g) Average value detector: The average value detection in a spectrum analyzer is achieved by reducing the value of VBW. The sweep time should be increased to obtain a better measurement accuracy. For measures in accordance with the CISPR 16, the VBW value should be set to 10 Hz in order to ensure appropriate integration time. For this measure the spectrum analyzer must be adjusted for detection in a linear mode that is, when its indication is given in units of voltage or power without being in logarithmic scale (db / division). h) Selecting the display mode: it is recommended that the display is in detection mode of positive peak to ensure that the highest emission level is displayed. Observation: When using a spectrum analyzer or other instrument having a spectral display, the VBW should be set to a value three times greater than the RBW value. 6. GENERAL CONDITIONS FOR RADIATED EMISSIONS MEASUREMENT 6.1. Distance of measurement for frequencies greater than or equal to 30 MHz Measurements can be performed in a different distance from the one specified in the specific regulations, provided they are not carried out in the region of near field. The test must be performed at a distance greater than 30 m for frequencies above 30 MHz By performing the measurements at a different distance from specified, the results are extrapolated to the specified distance, using an extrapolation factor of 20 db / decade. The test report shall clearly describe the extrapolation factor used. 4/26

6 6.2. Distance of measurement for frequencies lower than 30 MHz By performing the measurements at a lower distance from the specified distance, the results are extrapolated using an extrapolation factor of 40 db / decade Measures around the EUT The measurements shall be performed on a test site that has a turntable that allows a 360 rotation of the EUT. Such turntable installed at the test site and remotely controlled, must support the EUT and allow determination of the direction of maximum radiation for each emission frequency Continuous azimuth monitoring should be performed. When a continuous azimuth Monitoring can not be carried out, for example, on a large scale equipment, that is not feasible to put it on the turntable, is permitted taking measurements at various angles, so to cover the entire 360º. This measurement should be performed at a minimum of 16 angles of azimuth, nominally spaced In case of use of antennas with narrow radiation diagrams (especially above 1 GHz), it must be analyzed case by case and determine the need to use a smaller spacing. In case of use of rod type antenna, the same azimuth monitoring criteria should be used When used loop type antenna, a minimum of 4 positions for the measures should be considered, these being equally spaced Antenna height For measuring frequencies above 30 MHz the antenna height should be varied from 1 to 4 meters For measurement frequencies less than 30 MHz the antenna height should be 1 meter, measured from the center of the antenna Limits conversion If necessary, power limits may be converted to field intensity limits by the equation: EIRP = P x G = (E x d) 2 / 30 Where: P = Output power [watts] G = Numerical antenna gain [dimensionless] E =Electric field intensity [V/m] d =Distance of measure in meter [m] 5/26

7 6.6. Measurement in the band of frequencies smaller than or equal to 1000 MHz Unless otherwise indicated in specific regulation, for the measure of frequencies smaller than or equal to MHz should be used a detector employing quasi-peak function, unless otherwise specified by specific requirement of the product to be tested. The specifications of the quasi-peak detector are described in the CISPR Frequencies above 1000 MHz Unless otherwise indicated in specific regulation, in any frequency or frequencies above 1000 MHz, the measurements must be performed with measuring instruments adjusted for the function of average value detector. When an average limit is specified for the EUT, the peak emission also should be measured to ensure that the emission is less than 20 db above the average value limit or below the peak limit specified for the EUT Pulsed emissions average value Unless otherwise indicated in specific regulation, when the radiated emission limit is determined by the emission average value and the product employs pulse modulation, the average value of the electric field intensity should be calculated on a full burst of pulses, including blank delays, provided that the burst takes no more than 0.1 seconds. If the product generates a burst of pulses greater than 0.1 seconds or if the pulse lasts longer than 0.1 seconds, the measurement and calculation must be made at an interval of 0.1 seconds at which the field intensity is maximum. Where: Dt = 20log (T On /T) Dt = desensitization factor T On = Active transmition time at an interval of 100ms T = 100ms The factor obtained is then added to the peak measure to obtain the average value. 7. GENERAL CONFIGURATION CONDITIONS - RADIATED AND CONDUCTED EMISSIONS 7.1. Measurement frequency band The measured frequency spectrum of radiated or conducted form must be verified as described in Table 2 below, this value may be changed by the specific technical guidance. Frequency of Operation f < 1,705 MHz Measurement Frequency Band 9 khz to 30MHz 6/26

8 1,705 f 30 MHz 30 < f < 108 MHz 108 < f < 500 MHz 500 f < 1000 MHz f 1000 MHz Fundamental up to 1 GHz 30 MHz to 1 GHz 30 MHz to 2 GHz 30 MHz to 5 GHz 30 MHz to 18 GHz or frequency of operation of the equipment (whichever is greater) Table 2 Measurement Frequency Band 7.2. Channels to be evaluated Measurements of intentional emissions should be performed all equipment operation bands and the number of frequencies to be evaluated must be in conformity with Table The number of channels to be evaluated for the fundamental frequency should be used in all relevant tests. Equipment Operating Band Fundamental Channels evaluated Harmonics and Spurious Operating Modes 1 MHz or lower Center Center Channel 1-10 MHz Initial and Final Initial and Final Channel > 10 MHz Initial, Center and Final Initial and Final Channel Table 3 - Configurations to be evaluated Equipment operating with techniques of frequency sweep should have their frequency fixed in each of the channels in Table 3. Equipment operating pulsed modulation should have the modulation adjusted to produce duty cycle greater than 90% or being adjusted to continuous transmition during measurements Modulation Unless otherwise specified, the typical modulation of the equipment shall be used If the equipment has connectors for external modulation, typical signs of modulation should be applied with the maximum amplitude allowed by the input of the EUT. If the EUT only use voice modulation, should be tested applying a 1 khz signal by means of acoustic coupling without electric contact with the EUT. The level used should be appropriate for the type of equipment and be able to produce the maximum frequency or amplitude deviation determined for the modulation technique used. 7/26

9 7.4. Test software provided by the manufacturer The software for the exercise of the EUT shall be designed to allow the device operate with streaming transmition (for streaming means the use of duty cycle greater than 98%). Moreover, the test software should allow (but not limit to) the following features: a) Setup and operation in all available channels; b) Setup and operation with all the modulations and data transmition rates available; c) The software should allow setup and operation in all available power levels; Observation: Mandatory testing should be performed on condition of maximum output power and its maximum adjustment by software. If the test software sent the manufacturer allows configuration of a power level different of the maximum level allowed by the normal mode of operation, the level which is likely to be selected by the normal mode must be used. In all cases this configuration should be clearly described in the test report. The description of test software used should be reported in the test report. d) For systems in frequency hopping, the software should allow the hopping sequence be turned off and the transmition in only one channel is possible. Additionally, the software must have a frequency hopping streaming mode to perform the measures: time of occupation and hopping channels separation; whenever is applicable. 8. TEST GENERAL PROCEDURE 8.1. Radiated measurement Field intensity measurement a) Some restricted radiation equipments are subject to a limit of output power and not to a level of field intensity over a specific bandwidth. b) When this happens, the field intensity measurement should be performed using instrumentation with a bandwidth (RBW) equal to or greater than the bandwidth of 6 db of the signal or the integration methods described in c) In these cases the field intensity should be converted to power levels using the methodology described in item Harmonics and Spurious a) The spectrum of frequencies should be investigated as defined in Table 2. The signal acquisition shall be performed according to item 5.3, observing the conditions of item 2. 8/26

10 b) Ensure that the fundamental frequency is contained within the limits specified for its operation. This investigation can be performed using the conditions specified above, however, the filter used in peak sweep may interfere with the measurement by making the measured level being higher than the real value. In these cases, the following procedure should be used to determine the equipment conformity. Perform the measurement of the amplitude of the fundamental frequency using appropriate detectors (quasi-peak, peak or average) Adjust the meter SPAN in order to view the fundamental frequency emission peak and the signal out of band under investigation. Adjust the RBW of the analyzer about 1% to 5% of SPAN with the VBW equal to or greater than the RBW, unless otherwise specified. Record the fundamental peak values, the emission out of band in the transition limit and the difference between these values. Subtract the difference obtained in item b) from the value measured in item a). The final value of arithmetic operation is used to demonstrate the conformity of the equipment with the requirement. This technique can be used for measurements of emissions distant up to 2 times from the RBW defined in item from the edges of the allowed operating band ERP: power effectively radiated a) Configuration of the spectrum analyzer to measure the signal bandwidth to 26 db: Center Frequency = Frequency of the selected channel in the EUT Frequency Span = adjust the signal to occupy the entire screen With the Peak Search and CF functions, center the signal on the screen Attenuation = AUTO RBW = must exceed the bandwidth of the equipment to 26 db. VBW = greater or equal to the RBW (preferably 3 times higher) Detector = Peak Display = Max Hold b) Convert the measure at dbuv to dbm by one of the formulas: P[dBm] = EdBμV (valid value for measurement at 1 meter) P[dBm] = EdBμV 95.2 (valid value for measurement at 3 meter) P[dBm] = EdBμV 84.8 (valid value for measurement at 10 meter) 9/26

11 c) To the value obtained, add the antenna factor (AF), subtract the Gain of the amplifier used and add system losses (cables and attenuators) P = P[dBm] + K P = E[dBμV] X + K Notes: K = AF G + C, where C = cable/attenuator loss, AF =Antenna Factor and G = amplifier gain. X = correction factor in function of used measurement distance. The equation for conversion is valid for frequencies above 30 MHz. d) If it is not possible to adjust the RBW to a value greater than the bandwidth of the measured the procedure below should be followed: Center Frequency = Frequency of the selected channel in the Frequency Span (adjust until the signal fills half of the spectrum analyzer screen). Attenuation = AUTO RBW = 1 MHz VBW = 3 MHz Display = Max Hold Use the analyzer function integrated band power measurement or equivalent function corresponding to 99% of the integration of the measured signal band. Notes: 8.2. Frequency stability 1) If the spectrum analyzer does not have the function used for power measuring over the entire band, it can alternatively perform the sum in power linear units at every MHz. 2) To perform this measurement, proceed as follows: Place the cursor of the spectrum analyzer on the lowest frequency point that corresponds to 26 db below the maximum value of the fundamental and note the value. Repeat the operation successively at every 1MHz up to the higher point of frequency that corresponds to 26 db below the maximum value of the fundamental. Convert the measured values for power linear power unit or select the analyzer to this mode (mw) and add all the values. Convert again the sum of the signal to the desired unit (e.g. dbm) The equipment must be powered on their nominal voltage. In cases of battery operated equipment, a new battery should be used. The measurements must be performed at power on, then after 2, 5 and 10 minutes. Measuring equipment should be adjusted using the same test parameters of bandwidth described in item /26

12 In cases where it is required frequency stability with temperature variation measurements shall be made at the end of each level of temperature specified. In these cases, one must take care that the proximity of the antenna in relation to the walls of the climatic chamber does not interfere with operating frequency of the EUT. If necessary, the antenna length can be reduced and/or an impedance matching device may be used in place of the antenna For cases where the variation is requested for equipment input voltage, measurements shall be performed at nominal voltage, after 30 minutes at each of the specified voltages Register the frequency values measured for each condition of measurements described above or in the applicable regulation. The frequency stability is the percent deviation between the channel nominal frequency and each of the annotated values, including in relation to the initial measurement. The result must be presented in %, and the calculated value should be lower than the limit specified If the frequency of the EUT will fluctuate in a given measurement, statistics techniques should be applied for the correct presentation and calculation of frequency stability Climatic tests for frequency stability The equipment must be powered on their nominal voltage. In cases of battery operated equipment, a new battery should be used. The adjustment parameters of the measuring equipment should be the same ones used for the bandwidth measurement. Adjust the climatic chamber for minimum temperature specified. After the chamber stabilizes the adjusted temperature, await a period of 2 hours. Power on the equipment and perform measurements at power on, then after 2, 5 and 10 minutes Adjust the climatic chamber for maximum temperature specified. After the chamber stabilizes the adjusted temperature, await a period of 2 hours. Power on the equipment and perform measurements at power on, then after 2, 5 and 10 minutes If the frequency of the EUT will fluctuate in a given measurement, statistics techniques should be applied for the correct presentation and calculation of frequency stability. Note: For temperatures below 10 C is not necessary moisture control, always take the necessary measures to prevent condensation. The temperature tolerance should be ± 2 C. The tolerance of moisture should be of ± 5% RH. For cases where the relative humidity is not specified, shall be taken the necessary measures to prevent sample condensation Bandwidth The measurements should be performed with the equipment operating in its nominal voltage and with a new battery or fully charged, whenever applicable. It is recommended to adjust the VBW three times larger than the RBW and use the detector in peak mode. The equipment shall be configured as specified below: 11/26

13 Frequency to be measured Minimum RBW to be used 9 khz to 30 MHz 1 khz 30 MHz to 1000 MHz 10 khz 1000 MHz to 40 GHz 100 khz Table 4 Adjust of RBW for Bandwidth Unless otherwise specified, the measurement should be performed at points at 26 db from peak Channelling or Operating frequency of the EUT Adjust the analyzer RBW and VBW to AUTO mode, the detector used in peak mode. The SPAN must be adjusted so that the signal occupies approximately half of the spectrum analyzer screen and attenuation adjusted so that the signal is as close as possible to the top of the screen The initial and final frequencies should be adjusted to the specified operating band for the product Alternatively, the use of other equipment (frequency meter by example) is permitted for performing the measurement, since the bandwidth, amplitude, and modulation used are compatible with the input of the measuring equipment be used and it is able to provide equally reliable results Operation limitation Configure the spectrum analyzer as follows: Center Frequency = Frequency of the selected channel in the EUT Frequency Span = adjust the signal to occupy near half screen of the spectrum analyzer: With the Peak Search and CF functions, center the signal on the screen Attenuation = RBW = VBW = Auto Ref. Level = adjust adequately Frequency Span = 0 Hz Sweep time = adjust adequately to have the resolution needed to measure channel timing. Display = Max Hold With Delta Marker function, determine the value of the pulse width. Note: Alternatively, it is possible to use other instruments capable of measuring pulse width, provided that such instruments are capable of provide the accuracy required and have enough bandwidth to perform signal acquisition, as example of a "Pulse Power Meter". 12/26

14 8.7. Frequency Deviation The spectrum analyzer should be adjusted with the same parameters of bandwidth test. The measurement may be performed in conducted or radiated form. A modulation frequency with fixed amplitude should be used in the band from 20 Hz to 20 khz. The modulation frequency should be varied until be verified the higher bandwidth of the signal measured at 20 db The frequency deviation is given at the points 20 db in relation to the central frequency and must be below the established limit Channel dynamic selection The measurement may be performed in conducted or radiated form. For the setup of conducted forms a power divider should be used to signal application and that the frequency of operation of the EUT can be measured The Figure 1 below presents an example of setup for testing made in radiated form The level of the signal transmitted by the EUT should be measured and then generated a continuous signal on the same frequency with a level 6 db below the measured After applying the CW signal the equipment should change its operating frequency to another channel without interfering carrier. Signal Generator Amplifier Rx Tx EUT Figure 1 - Channel dynamic selection test method 9. PROCEDURE FOR CONDUCTED MEASUREMENTS 9.1. Output power The maximum peak power is defined as the maximum power measured by a peak detector with filter having sufficient width and shape to accept the entire bandwidth of the measured signal The measurement must be performed over an interval of streaming transmition of the EUT Preferably, it should be using a power meter, having bandwidth equal to or greater than the bandwidth of the signal being measured at 6 db, once the power meter is able to provide results with a smaller uncertainty. 13/26

15 However, it is permissible to employ alternative methods whenever there is no instrument with sufficient bandwidth to perform the measurement. Thus, 3 methods are described below in their order of preference The procedures below are for the measurements performed in conducted form, that is, the measuring equipment connected directly to the output of antenna. However, in cases where measures can not be undertaken in conducted form, the tests can be made in radiated form In cases where the tests are conducted radiated form, the power or measured field intensity should be converted to power levels equivalent. The maximum equivalent conducted power should be determined by subtracting antenna gain of the EUT of the measured EIRP level The conducted measurements must be performed using the measuring instrument with the same nominal impedance of the antenna output or use of appropriate impedance matching and correct the factors caused by mismatch The conducted measurements must be performed using one of the options below: a) Option 1: power meter The maximum peak power can be measured by power meter with an input sensor having larger bandwidth than the bandwidth of the measured signal. b) Option 2: RBW equipment bandwidth Configure the spectrum analyzer as follows: Adjust RBW equipment bandwidth Adjust VBW 3 x RBW (Alternatively, the is permitted use of VBW = RBW used when the used RBW is the largest RBW of the measuring instrument, typically 3MHz) Adjust SPAN RBW, as the signal occupies near half screen of the spectrum analyzer: Sweep time = Auto Detector = Peak Display = Max Hold Wait for the trace to stabilize and record the maximum measured value. c) Option 3: integration method. This procedure should be used when the largest available RBW is smaller than the signal bandwidth. The spectrum analyzer must be configured as below: Adjust RBW = adjust to the maximum available (at least 1 MHz) Adjust VBW 3 x RBW (Alternatively, is permitted use of VBW = RBW when the used RBW is the largest RBW of the measuring instrument, typically 3MHz) Adjust the SPAN for complete visualization of the signal 14/26

16 Detector = Peak Sweep time = Auto Display = Max Hold Wait for the trace to stabilize and use the analyzer function integrated band power measurement or equivalent function corresponding to 99% of the integration of the measured signal band. Notes: 1) If the spectrum analyzer does not have the function used for power measuring over the entire band, it can alternatively perform the sum in power linear units at every 1 MHz. 2) To perform this measurement, proceed as follows: Place the cursor of the spectrum analyzer on the lowest frequency point that corresponds to 26 db below the maximum value of the fundamental and note the value. Repeat the operation successively at every 1MHz up to the higher point of frequency that corresponds to 26 db below the maximum value of the fundamental. Convert the measured values for power linear power unit or select the analyzer to this mode (mw) and add all the values. Convert again the sum of the signal to the desired unit (e.g. dbm). 10. SPECIFIC PROCEDURE FOR EQUIPMENT WITH FREQUENCY HOPPING (FHSS) Separation of hopping channels The equipment must be enabled for the transmition in hopping" mode and configure the spectrum analyzer as follows: SPAN = Sufficient to capture transmition of two adjacent channels Resolution Bandwidth (RBW) (or IF) > 1% of span Video Bandwidth (VBW)(or Average) RBW Sweep Time = Auto Detector = Peak Display = Max Hold Wait for the trace to stabilize and use the analyzer function delta to measure the separation between two adjacent channels Number of frequency hopping The equipment must be enabled for the transmition in frequency hopping mode and configure the spectrum analyzer as follows: Frequency Span =Operating band permitted by regulations RBW = 1% of span 15/26

17 VBW = RBW Sweep Time = Auto Detector = Peak Display = Max Hold Occupation time. The equipment must be enabled for the transmition in frequency hopping mode and configure the spectrum analyzer as follows: Center Frequency = A center frequency of one of the hopping channels Frequency Span = adjust the signal to occupy near half screen of the spectrum analyzer: With the Peak Search and CF functions, center the signal on the screen Frequency Span = 0 Hz with center frequency of one of the hopping channels RBW = 1 MHz VBW = RBW Sweep Time = Sufficient to capture signal transmition Detector = Peak Display = Max Hold Use the analyzer function delta to measure the transmition time Note: Alternatively, it is possible to use other instruments capable of measuring pulse width, provided that such instruments are capable of provide the accuracy required and have enough bandwidth to perform signal acquisition, as example of a "Pulse Power Meter" Bandwidth at 20 db The spectrum analyzer must be configured as follows: Frequency Span = approximately 2 to 3 times the bandwidth at 20 db. RBW 1% the bandwidth at 20 db. VBW = RBW Sweep Time = Sufficient to capture signal transmition Detector = Peak Display = Max Hold Wait for the trace to stabilize and use the spectrum analyzer function bandwidth measurement at 20 db of the spectrum analyze, if available: Alternatively, peak search function to set the emission peak value can be used, adjusting the display line to a value 20 db below measured emission peak and using the delta function 16/26

18 to measure the bandwidth between the points of intersection of the display line with the signal Emission out of the band The spectrum analyzer must be configured as follows: Start Frequency = Frequency of the initial channel of the EUT MHz. Stop Frequency = Frequency of the last channel of the EUT RBW = 100 khz and VBW = 300 khz Scale = Log with 10 db/div Detection mode = Positive peak Ref. Level = adjust adequately Sweep time = Auto Display = Max Hold With Delta Marker function, determine the delta between the fundamental frequency and the higher spurious, Repeat for the procedure above, considering: Start Frequency = 30 MHz Stop Frequency = Frequency of the initial channel of the EUT Start Frequency = Frequency of the last channel of the EUT Stop Frequency = Frequency of the last channel of the EUT MHz Start Frequency = Frequency of the last channel of the EUT Stop Frequency = MHz 11. SPECIFIC PROCEDURE FOR EQUIPMENT WITH SPREAD SPECTRUM OR OTHER DIGITAL MODULATION TECHNIQUES IN THE BANDS ,5 MHz, MHz, ,5 MHz and MHz Bandwidth at 6 db The spectrum analyzer must be configured as follows: Central frequency = Channel to be measured Frequency Span = Sufficient for channel visualization RBW = 100 khz VBW = 300 khz Display = Max Hold Sweep Time = Auto Detection mode = Positive peak Wait for the trace to stabilize and use the analyzer function bandwidth measurement at 6 db of the spectrum analyzer, if available: Alternatively, 17/26

19 peak search function to set the emission peak value can be used, adjusting the display line to a value 6 db below measured emission peak and use the delta function to measure the bandwidth between the points of intersection of the display line with the signal Maximum Peak Power Use the procedure of Item Power density peak The spectrum analyzer must be configured as follows: Central frequency = Channel to be measured SPAN = 5 to 30% of channel bandwidth RBW = 3 MHz VBW = 10 khz Detector = Peak Sweep Time = Auto Trace = Max Hold Wait for the trace to stabilize and use the Peak search function to perform the measurement Emission out of the band Use the procedure of Item SPECIFIC PROCEDURE FOR EQUIPMENT WITH SPREAD SPECTRUM OR OTHER DIGITAL MODULATION TECHNIQUES IN THE BANDS from 5150 to 5350 MHz and from 5470 to 5725 MHz Output power For the following items, T is the transmition duration during which the EUT is on and transmitting at its maximum power level. The measurements are typically performed with a spectrum analyzer. The three methods below are proposed to accommodate the possible limitations of the measuring equipment The values of transmition time T and duty cycle can be measured by means of function zero span of the spectrum analyzer or by means of a power meter. The analyzer should only be used if the response time and spacing of the acquisition points in the sweep are sufficient for proper signal acquisition. The function of zero span can only be used if the values of RBW and VBW are greater than 50/T, and the number of sweep points over the interval T are greater than 100. For example, if the values of RBW and VBW are limited to 3 MHz, this method should not be used if T is less than 16.7 microseconds The measurements must be performed using one of the methods below: a) Method 1: 18/26

20 The equipment must be set for continuous transmition condition. The trigger function can be used to ensure that acquisitions are performed on maximum output power. The spectrum analyzer must be configured as below: Frequency Span = adjust the signal occupies near half screen of the spectrum analyzer RBW = 1 MHz VBW = 3 MHz The number of acquisitions in the sweep should be greater than or equal to 2 SPAN / RBW (this condition ensures that the spacing between acquisition points is smaller than RBW / 2 therefore, the narrowband signals are not lost). Sweep = Auto Detector = RMS if available. Otherwise use the sample mode. Case the duty cycle is smaller than 98%, use the video trigger to ensure signal acquisition on maximum output power. Case the software used enable the EUT for continuous transmition or with duty cycle greater than 98%, this function can be left on free run. Trace average = 100 Measure the signal power using the function of power measurement over the entire band at 26 db Notes: 1) If the spectrum analyzer does not have the function the function of power measurement over the entire band, it can alternatively perform the sum in power linear units at every MHz, throughout the bandwidth of the signal. 2) To perform this measurement, proceed as follows: Place the cursor of the spectrum analyzer on the lowest frequency point that corresponds to 26 db below the maximum value of the channel and note the value. Repeat the operation successively at every 1 MHz up to the higher point of frequency that corresponds to 26 db below the maximum value of the channel. Convert the measured values to power linear unit or select the analyzer for this mode (mw) and add all the values. Convert again the sum of the signal to the desired unit (e.g. dbm). b) Method 2: This method should be used if the necessary conditions for Method 1 cannot be obtained and the equipment presents a consistent duty cycle during the measurement. The spectrum analyzer must be configured as follows: Measure the duty cycle Center Frequency = Frequency of the selected channel to be measured Frequency Span = adjust the signal to occupy near half screen of the spectrum analyzer RBW = 1 MHz 19/26

21 VBW = 3 MHz The number of acquisitions in the sweep should be greater than or equal to 2 SPAN / RBW (this condition ensures that the spacing between acquisition points is smaller than RBW / 2, therefore, the narrowband signals are not lost). Sweep = Auto Trace average = 100 Video Trigger = Free Run Measure the signal power using the function of power measurement over the entire band at 26 db Add to the measured value 10 log (1/x), where x is the measured duty cycle. This correction is necessary because the measure includes the ON and OFF times of transmition. For example, add 10 log (1/0,25) = 6 db se o duty cycle for de 25%. c) Method 3: If the conditions in methods 1 and 2 can not be obtained, the procedure below should be used, the spectrum analyzer must be configured as follows: Center Frequency = Frequency of the channel to be measured Frequency Span = adjust the signal to occupy near half screen of the spectrum analyzer RBW = 1 MHz Sweep trigger = Free run VBW = 1/T The number of acquisitions in the sweep should be greater than or equal to 2 SPAN / RBW (this condition ensures that the spacing between acquisition points is smaller than RBW / 2, therefore, the narrowband signals are not lost). Sweep = Auto Detector = Peak Video = Linear Trace = Max Hold Wait for Max hold for a minimum of 60 seconds or as long as necessary to stabilize the trace and measure power throughout the bandwidth at 26 db. d) Method 4: The measurements must be performed using a power meter. Case the equipment is not in streaming, the correction by duty cycle is required Power spectral density 20/26

22 The same adjustments of methods 1, 2 and 3 of item shall be used according to the method used for measuring the signal. However the RBW should be always set to 1 MHz, and SPAN must be greater than 20 MHz The density is obtained from the measured peak Emission out of the band The spectrum analyzer must be configured as follows: Start Frequency = Frequency of the initial channel in the EUT MHz. Stop Frequency = Frequency of the last channel in the EUT RBW = 1 MHz e VBW = 3 MHz Scale = Log with 10 db/div Detection mode = Positive peak Ref. Level = adjust adequately Sweep time = Auto Display = Max Hold With Delta Marker function, determine the delta between the fundamental frequency and the higher spurious, repeat for the procedure above, considering : Start Frequency = 30 MHz Stop Frequency = Frequency of the initial channel of the EUT Start Frequency = Frequency of the last channel of the EUT Stop Frequency = Frequency of the last channel of the EUT MHz Start Frequency = Frequency of the last channel of the EUT Stop Frequency = MHz Frequency dynamic selection (FDS) To perform the test should be used configuration of Figure 2. RADAR SIGNAL GENERATOR ATENUATOR SPLITTER ATENUATOR SPLITTER ATENUATOR EUT (MASTER) SPECTRUM ANALYZER CLIENT ATENUATOR Figure 2 - FDS test method 21/26

23 The shape of the pulse to be applied shall meet the characteristics listed in Table 5. Pulse Width Repetition rate 1 microsecond 1428 microseconds Table 5 - DFS Pulse Specification The values of RBW and VBW should be adjusted to a minimum of 3 MHz. The sweep time should be adjusted to view that the equipment has ceased the application in the specified period. 13. EQUIPMENT WITH MULTIPLE OUTPUTS OF ANTENNA Output power The measures should be undertaken in all antenna outputs and summed to obtain the total power transmitted by the device. The sum should be made in power linear units Power density The measures should be undertaken in each antenna output. Due to difficulty of the sum of the densities measured ( necessary to make the sum point-to-point) the highest value measured at each antenna output can be added to 10 * Log (N), where N is the number of outputs. The addition of this factor represents equal contribution of each antenna to the output power If the value obtained exceeds the normative limit, the value obtained for a specific frequency can be checked at each of the three outputs and summed in power linear units to obtain a better accuracy Emission out of the band If the normative requirement asks the relative measure on between the fundamental frequency level and the highest level out of band (for example 20 db) the conformity can be verified by compliance with the requirement in each one of the available outputs Requirements that specify a limit of X + 10log(P) in relation to fundamental power are not relative and the compliance with the requirement must be verified through summation of powers transmitted in each one of the outputs EIRP measurements Where specific regulations establish e.i.r.p. power limits, the effect of combined gain of multiple antennas should be considered in the calculation. 22/26

24 Transmitions are classified as correlated (when correlation exists between the signals transmitted by at least two antennas) or as not correlated. In case of correlated signals the combined gain of the antennas is regarded as 100%, even though in practice this effect is smaller. Examples of correlated transmitions: 1) The same digital data are transmitted from two or more antennas, even with different encoding and phase offset; 2) Multiple transmitters are intended to focus energy on certain direction; 3) The transmition mode combines related techniques with unrelated techniques If the device has multiple antenna of same gain and has correlated transmition the gain to be computed should be: Directional Gain = Gant + 10 * Log (N), where N is the number of outputs. If the signal is not correlated, the Directional Gain = Gant dbi For devices that have multiple antennas with different gains, the directional gain is given by: Correlated signals = 10 * Log [(10 G1/ G2/ Gn/20 ) 2 / N], where N is the number of outputs. The denominator of the exponent "20" refers to the quadratic sum of the terms If the signals are uncorrelated directional gain shall be given by 10 * Log [(10 G1/ G2/ Gn/10 ) / N]. 14. EQUIPMENT OPERATING IN MULTIPLE BANDS When concurrent transmissions occur in two or more bands, ensure that all requirements established for each of the bands are in compliance Effective bandwidth (EBW) measures at frequency of 5 GHz For non-contiguous channels suffering overlapping measurement should be performed considering the total width of the two channels. The delta of 26 db should be performed relative to the higher amplitude channel. 23/26

25 Figure 3 Measurement of effective bandwidth for non-contiguous and overlapping channels For channels that do not overlap the effective bandwidth is given by sum of the individual bands. Figure 4 Measurement of effective bandwidth for non-contiguous and non overlapping channels Channels with effective bandwidth using two distinct bands of operation the delta should be undertaken in respect of higher signal amplitude. An effective bandwidth of the signal in each band must be in conformity with the requirement established. BAND 1 BAND 1 BAND 2 Figure 5 Measurement of effective bandwidth for signals that occupy distinct operating bands Power density peak Emissions in each band must meet the peak limit of the power density specified in the requirement established for that band. 24/26

26 14.4. Maximum Output Power The maximum conducted power in each operating band must be in conformity with limit specified in the requirements established for that band For channels that use more than one operating band, the measurement must be performed considering the portion of the signal present in each band, as shown in Figure 6. BAND 1 BAND 2 BAND 1 BAND 2 BAND 1 BAND 1 BAND 2. Figure 6 Measurement of the maximum output power for signals that occupy more than one operating band Emission out of the band Equipment operating simultaneously in two frequency bands and have different requirements, must meet the higher spurious limit among the requirements established. 15. REFERENCE DOCUMENTS I. ANSI C63.4: 2003 American National Standard for Methods of Measurement of Radio- Noise Emissions from Low-Voltage Electrical and Electronic Equipment in the Range of 9 khz to 40 GHz. II. ANSI C63.10:2009 American National Standard for Testing Unlicensed Wireless Devices. III. ANSI C63.17: 2006 American National Standard for Methods of Measurement of the Electromagnetic and Operational Compatibility of Unlicensed Personal Communications Services (UPCS) Devices. IV. ANSI C63.2: 1996 American National Standard for Electromagnetic Noise and Field Strength Instrumentation, 10 Hz to 40 GHz Specifications. V. FCC: DTS Meas Guidance DR VI. FCC: DA /26

27 VII. FCC: D01 General UNII Test Procedures v01r01. VIII. FCC: D01 Determining ERP and EIRP v01. IX. FCC: D01 Multiple Transmitter Output v01r01. X. FCC: D01 Guidance for IEEE ac v01. XI. Recommendation ITU-R SM Unwanted emissions in the spurious domain. 16. FINAL PROVISIONS The management of samples and the determination of the applicable tests for certification is the responsibility of OCD that is driving the process, in conformity with current legislation Will only be accepted for certification and homologation purposes, test reports contains a description of the characteristics of the tested product, as well as legible photos showing, at least, the product model Any differences in test procedures should be described in the Report issued by the Laboratory, and properly evaluated and justified, by the OCD specialist, in the Conformity Assessment Report. 26/26