ETSI ES V1.3.1 ( ) ETSI Standard

Transcription

1 Standard Speech and multimedia Transmission Quality (STQ); Transmission requirements for wideband VoIP terminals (handset and headset) from a QoS perspective as perceived by the user

2 2 Reference RES/STQ Keywords quality, telephony, terminal, VoIP 650 Route des Lucioles F Sophia Antipolis Cedex - FRANCE Tel.: Fax: Siret N NAF 742 C Association à but non lucratif enregistrée à la Sous-Préfecture de Grasse (06) N 7803/88 Important notice Individual copies of the present document can be downloaded from: The present document may be made available in more than one electronic version or in print. In any case of existing or perceived difference in contents between such versions, the reference version is the Portable Document Format (PDF). In case of dispute, the reference shall be the printing on printers of the PDF version kept on a specific network drive within Secretariat. Users of the present document should be aware that the document may be subject to revision or change of status. Information on the current status of this and other documents is available at If you find errors in the present document, please send your comment to one of the following services: Copyright Notification No part may be reproduced except as authorized by written permission. The copyright and the foregoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media. European Telecommunications Standards Institute All rights reserved. DECT TM, PLUGTESTS TM, UMTS TM, TIPHON TM, the TIPHON logo and the logo are Trade Marks of registered for the benefit of its Members. 3GPP TM is a Trade Mark of registered for the benefit of its Members and of the 3GPP Organizational Partners. LTE is a Trade Mark of currently being registered for the benefit of its Members and of the 3GPP Organizational Partners. GSM and the GSM logo are Trade Marks registered and owned by the GSM Association.

3 3 Contents Intellectual Property Rights... 5 Foreword... 5 Introduction Scope References Normative references Informative references Definitions and abbreviations Definitions Abbreviations General considerations Coding algorithm End-to-end considerations Parameters to be investigated Basic parameters Further parameters with respect to speech processing devices Test equipment IP half channel measurement adaptor Environmental conditions for tests Accuracy of measurements and test signal generation Network impairment simulation Acoustic environment s and associated measurement methodologies Test setup Setup for handsets and headsets Position and calibration of HATS Test signal levels Setup of background noise simulation Coding independent parameters Send Frequency response Send Loudness Rating (SLR) D-Factor Linearity range for SLR Send distortion Send noise SideTone Masking Rating STMR (mouth to ear) Sidetone delay Terminal Coupling Loss weighted (TCLw) Stability loss Receive frequency response Receive Loudness Rating (RLR) Receive distortion Minimum activation level and sensitivity in receive direction Receive noise Automatic gain control in receive Double talk Performance Attenuation range in send direction during double talk A H,S,dt Attenuation range in receive direction during double talk A H,R,dt Detection of echo components during double talk Minimum activation level and sensitivity of double talk detection Switching characteristics... 30

4 Activation in send direction Silence Suppression and Comfort Noise Generation Background noise performance Performance in send in the presence of background noise Speech quality in the presence of background noise Quality of background noise transmission (with far end speech) Quality of background noise transmission (with near end speech) Quality of echo cancellation Temporal echo effects Spectral Echo Attenuation Occurrence of Artefacts Variant Impairments; Network Dependant Delay versus Time Send Delay versus Time Receive Quality of jitter buffer adjustment Codec Specific s Send Delay Receive delay Objective listening speech quality MOS-LQOM in send direction Objective listening quality MOS-LQOM in receive direction Efficiency of Packet Loss Concealment (PLC) Efficiency of delay variation removal Annex A (informative): Annex B (informative): Annex C (informative): Processing delays in VoIP terminals Bibliography Optimum Frequency Responses for Wideband Transmission in Receive Direction - Underlying Subjective Experiments History... 47

5 5 Intellectual Property Rights IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to. The information pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for members and non-members, and can be found in SR : "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to in respect of standards", which is available from the Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the Web server ( Pursuant to the IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by. No guarantee can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in SR (or the updates on the Web server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document. Foreword This Standard (ES) has been produced by Technical Committee Speech and multimedia Transmission Quality (STQ). Introduction Traditionally, the analogue and digital telephones were interfacing switched-circuit 64 kbit/s PCM networks. With the fast growth of IP networks, wideband terminals providing higher audio-bandwidth and directly interfacing packet-switched networks (VoIP) are being rapidly introduced. Such IP network edge devices may include gateways, specifically designed IP phones, soft phones or other devices connected to the IP based networks and providing telephony service. Since the IP networks will be in many cases interworking with the traditional PSTN and private networks, many of the basic transmission requirements have to be harmonized with specifications for traditional digital terminals. However, due to the unique characteristics of the IP networks including packet loss, delay, etc. New performance specification, as well as appropriate measuring methods, will have to be developed. Terminals are getting increasingly complex, advanced signal processing is used to address the IP specific issues. NOTE: limits are given in tables, the associated curve when provided is given for illustration.

6 6 1 Scope The present document provides speech transmission performance requirements for 8 khz wideband VoIP handset and headset terminals; it addresses all types of IP based terminals, including wireless and soft phones. In contrast to other standards which define minimum performance requirements it is the intention of the present document to specify terminal equipment requirements which enable manufacturers and service providers to enable good quality end-to-end speech performance as perceived by the user. In addition to basic testing procedures, the present document describes advanced testing procedures taking into account further quality parameters as perceived by the user. 2 References References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or non-specific. For a specific reference, subsequent revisions do not apply. Non-specific reference may be made only to a complete document or a part thereof and only in the following cases: - if it is accepted that it will be possible to use all future changes of the referenced document for the purposes of the referring document; - for informative references. Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication cannot guarantee their long term validity. 2.1 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of the present document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For non-specific references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. [1] I-ETS : "Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN); Technical characteristics of telephony terminals; Part 5: Wideband (7 khz) handset telephony". [2] ITU-T Recommendation G.107: "The E-model, a computational model for use in transmission planning". [3] ITU-T Recommendation G.108: "Application of the E-model: A planning guide". [4] ITU-T Recommendation G.109: "Definition of categories of speech transmission quality". [5] ITU-T Recommendation G.122: "Influence of national systems on stability and talker echo in international connections". [6] ITU-T Recommendation G.711: "Pulse code modulation (PCM) of voice frequencies". [7] ITU-T Recommendation G.722: "7 khz audio-coding within 64 kbit/s". [8] ITU-T Recommendation G.722.1: "Low-complexity coding at 24 and 32 kbit/s for hands-free operation in systems with low frame loss".

7 7 [9] ITU-T Recommendation G.729.1: "G.729 based Embedded Variable bit-rate coder: An 8-32 kbit/s scalable wideband coder bitstream interoperable with G.729". [10] ITU-T Recommendation G.1020: "Performance parameter definitions for quality of speech and other voiceband applications utilizing IP networks". [11] ITU-T Recommendation P.50: "Artificial voices". [12] ITU-T Recommendation P.56: "Objective measurement of active speech level". [13] ITU-T Recommendation P.57: "Artificial ears". [14] ITU-T Recommendation P.58: "Head and torso simulator for telephonometry". [15] ITU-T Recommendation P.64: "Determination of sensitivity/frequency characteristics of local telephone systems". [16] ITU-T Recommendation P.79: "Calculation of loudness ratings for telephone sets". [17] ITU-T Recommendation P.340: "Transmission characteristics and speech quality parameters of hands-free terminals". [18] ITU-T Recommendation P.380: "Electro-acoustic measurements on headsets". [19] ITU-T Recommendation P.501: "Test signals for use in telephonometry". [20] ITU-T Recommendation P.502: "Objective test methods for speech communication systems using complex test signals". [21] ITU-T Recommendation P.581: "Use of head and torso simulator (HATS) for hands-free terminal testing". [22] ITU-T Recommendation P.862: "Perceptual Evaluation of Speech Quality (PESQ): An objective method for end-to-end speech quality assessment of narrow-band telephone networks and speech codecs". [23] IEC 61260: "Electroacoustics - Octave-band and fractional-octave-band filters". [24] ISO 3 (1973): "Preferred numbers - Series of preferred numbers". [25] L16-256: "TIA-920, Transmission s for Wideband Digital Wireline Telephones, TELECOMMUNICATIONS INDUSTRY ASSOCIATION, TIA/EIA". 2.2 Informative references The following referenced documents are not essential to the use of the present document but they assist the user with regard to a particular subject area. For non-specific references, the latest version of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. [i.1] [i.2] [i.3] [i.4] [i.5] EG : "Speech Processing, Transmission and Quality Aspects (STQ); Specification and measurement of speech transmission quality; Part 1: Introduction to objective comparison measurement methods for one-way speech quality across networks". EG : "Speech and multimedia Transmission Quality (STQ); Speech quality performance in the presence of background noise; Part 1: Background noise simulation technique and background noise database". EG : "Speech Processing, Transmission and Quality Aspects (STQ); Definition and implementation of VoIP reference point". EG : "Speech Processing, Transmission and Quality Aspects (STQ); Speech Quality performance in the presence of background noise Part 3: Background noise transmission - Objective test methods". ITU-T Recommendation P.800.1: "Mean Opinion Score (MOS) Terminology".

8 8 [i.6] [i.7] NOTE: [i.8] NOTE: [i.9] TR : "Speech Processing, Transmission and Quality Aspects (STQ); Test Methodologies for Test Events and Results; Part 1: VoIP Speech Quality Testing". NIST net. Available at ( Netem. Available at ( Trace Control for Netem (TCN): "A. Keller, Trace Control for Netem, Semester Thesis SA , ETH Zürich, 2006". [i.10] Poschen, S., Kettler, F.; Raake, A.; Spors, S.: "Testing Wideband Terminals", DAGA 2008, March 10-13, Dresden, Proceedings. 3 Definitions and abbreviations 3.1 Definitions For the purposes of the present document, the following terms and definitions apply: artificial ear: device for the calibration of earphones incorporating an acoustic coupler and a calibrated microphone for the measurement of the sound pressure and having an overall acoustic impedance similar to that of the median adult human ear over a given frequency band codec: combination of an analogue-to-digital encoder and a digital-to-analogue decoder operating in opposite directions of transmission in the same equipment diffuse field equalization: equalization of the HATS sound pick-up, equalization of the difference, in db, between the spectrum level of the acoustic pressure at the ear Drum Reference Point (DRP) and the spectrum level of the acoustic pressure at the HATS Reference Point (HRP) in a diffuse sound field with the HATS absent using the reverse nominal curve given in table 3 of ITU-T Recommendation P.58 [14] ear-drum Reference Point (DRP): point located at the end of the ear canal, corresponding to the ear-drum position freefield reference point: point located in the free sound field, at least in 1,5 m distance from a sound source radiating in free air (in case of a head and torso simulator (HATS) in the centre of the artificial head with no artificial head present) Head And Torso Simulator (HATS) for telephonometry: manikin extending downward from the top of the head to the waist, designed to simulate the sound pick-up characteristics and the acoustic diffraction produced by a median human adult and to reproduce the acoustic field generated by the human mouth Mouth Reference Point (MRP): is located on axis and 25 mm in front of the lip plane of a mouth simulator nominal setting of the volume control: when a receive volume control is provided, the setting which is closest to the nominal RLR of 2 db 3.2 Abbreviations For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply: CSS D DRP EL ELR HATS Composite Source Signal D-value of terminal ear Drum Reference Point Echo Loss Echo Loudness Rating Head And Torso Simulator

9 9 MOS-LQOy Mean Opinion Score - Listening Quality Objective NOTE: See ITU-T Recommendation P [i.5]. ADC AM-FM DAC ERP HRP IP LAN MOS-LQOM MRP N NLP PCM PLC POI PSTN QoS RLR SLR Ssi(diff) Ssi(direct) STMR TCLw TCN TOSQA VAD VoIP A/D-Converter Amplitude Modulation - Frequency Modulation D/A-Converter Ears Reference Point HATS Reference Point Internet Protocol Local Area Network Mean Opinion Score - Listening Quality, Objective, Mixed Mouth Reference Point Noise Non Linear Processor Pulse Code Modulation Packet Loss Concealment Point Of Interconnect Public Switched Telephone Network Quality of Service Receive Loudness Rating Send Loudness Rating Send sensitivity, Diffuse Sound Field Send sensitivity, Direct Sound Field SideTone Masking Rating Terminal Coupling Loss (weighted) Trace Control for Netem Telecommunication Objective Speech Quality Assessment Voice Activity Detection Voice over IP 4 General considerations 4.1 Coding algorithm The assumed coding algorithm is according to ITU-T Recommendation G.722 [7]. VoIP terminals may support other coding algorithms. NOTE: Associated Packet Loss Concealment, e.g. as defined in ITU-T Recommendation G.722 [7], Appendixes 3 and 4 should be used. 4.2 End-to-end considerations In order to achieve a desired end-to-end speech transmission performance (mouth-to-ear) it is recommended that the general rules of transmission planning are carried out with the E-model of ITU-T Recommendation G.107 [2] taking into account that the E-model does not yet address wideband transmission planning; this includes the a-priori determination of the desired category of speech transmission quality as defined in ITU-T Recommendation G.109 [4]. While, in general, the transmission characteristics of single circuit-oriented network elements, such as switches or terminals can be assumed to have a single input value for the planning tasks of ITU-T Recommendation G.108 [3], this approach is not applicable in packet based systems and thus there is a need for the transmission planner's specific attention. In particular the decision as to which delay measured according to the present document should is acceptable or representative for the specific configuration is the responsibility of the individual transmission planner. ITU-T Recommendation G.108 [3] with its amendments provides further guidance on this important issue.

10 10 The following optimum terminal parameters from a user's perspective need to be considered: minimized delay in send and receive direction; optimum loudness Rating (RLR, SLR); compensation for network delay variation; packet loss recovery performance; maximized terminal coupling loss. 4.3 Parameters to be investigated Basic parameters The basic parameters are based on I-ETS [1] Further parameters with respect to speech processing devices For VoIP terminals that contain non-linear speech processing devices, the following parameters require additional attention in the context of the present document: objective evaluation of speech quality for VoIP terminals; doubletalk capability; time-variant impairments: - switching behaviour; - partial echo effects; - occurrence of artefacts; - clock accuracy; background noise performance of the terminal; etc. The measurements of these further parameters with respect to speech processing devices which are a novelty to terminal requirement standards have been successfully used in the VoIP speech quality test events TR [i.6]. 5 Test equipment 5.1 IP half channel measurement adaptor The IP half channel measurement adaptor is described in EG [i.3]. 5.2 Environmental conditions for tests The following conditions shall apply for the testing environment: a) ambient temperature: 15 C to 35 C (inclusive); b) relative humidity: 5 % to 85 %; c) air pressure: 86 kpa to 106 kpa (860 mbar to mbar).

11 Accuracy of measurements and test signal generation Unless specified otherwise, the accuracy of measurements made by test equipment shall be equal to or better than: Table 1: Measurement accuracy Item Accuracy Electrical signal level ±0,2 db for levels -50 dbv ±0,4 db for levels < -50 dbv Sound pressure ±0,7 db Frequency ±0,2 % Time ±0,2 % Application force ±2 N Unless specified otherwise, the accuracy of the signals generated by the test equipment shall be better than: Table 2: Accuracy of test signal generation Quantity Accuracy Sound pressure level at Mouth Reference Point (MRP) ±3 db for frequencies from 100 Hz to 200 Hz ±1 db for frequencies from 200 Hz to Hz ±3 db for frequencies from Hz to Hz Electrical excitation levels ±0,4 db across the whole frequency range. Frequency generation ±2 % (see note) Time ±0,2 % Specified component values ±1 % NOTE: This tolerance may be used to avoid measurements at critical frequencies, e.g. those due to sampling operations within the terminal under test. For terminal equipment which is directly powered from the mains supply, all tests shall be carried out within ±5 % of the rated voltage of that supply. If the equipment is powered by other means and those means are not supplied as part of the apparatus, all tests shall be carried out within the power supply limit declared by the supplier. If the power supply is a.c., the test shall be conducted within ±4 % of the rated frequency. 5.4 Network impairment simulation At least one set of requirements is based on the assumption of an error free packet network, and at least one other set of requirements is based on a defined simulated malperformance of the packet network. An appropriate network simulator has to be used, for example NIST Net [i.7] ( or Netem [i.8]. Based on the positive experience, STQ have made during the Speech Quality Test Events with "NIST Net" this will be taken as a basis to express and describe the variations of packet network parameters for the appropriate tests. Here is a brief blurb about NIST Net: The NIST Net network emulator is a general-purpose tool for emulating performance dynamics in IP networks. The tool is designed to allow controlled, reproducible experiments with network performance sensitive/adaptive applications and control protocols in a simple laboratory setting. By operating at the IP level, NIST Net can emulate the critical end-to-end performance characteristics imposed by various wide area network situations (e.g. congestion loss) or by various underlying subnetwork technologies (e.g. asymmetric bandwidth situations of xdsl and cable modems).

12 12 NIST Net is implemented as a kernel module extension to the Linux operating system and an X Window System-based user interface application. In use, the tool allows an inexpensive PC-based router to emulate numerous complex performance scenarios, including: tunable packet delay distributions, congestion and background loss, bandwidth limitation, and packet reordering/duplication. The X interface allows the user to select and monitor specific traffic streams passing through the router and to apply selected performance "effects" to the IP packets of the stream. In addition to the interactive interface, NIST Net can be driven by traces produced from measurements of actual network conditions. NIST Net also provides support for user defined packet handlers to be added to the system. Examples of the use of such packet handlers include: time stamping/data collection, interception and diversion of selected flows, generation of protocol responses from emulated clients. The key points of Netem can be summarized as follows: Netem is nowadays part of most Linux distributions, it only has to be switched on, when compiling a kernel. With Netem, there are the same possibilities as with NIST Net, there can be generated loss, duplication, delay and jitter (and the distribution can be chosen during runtime). Netem can be run on a Linux-PC running as a bridge or a router (NIST Net only runs on routers). With an amendment of Netem, Trace Control for Netem (TCN) which was developed by ETH Zurich, it is even possible, to control the behaviour of single packets via a trace file. So it is for example possible to generate a single packet loss, or a specific delay pattern. This amendment is planned to be included in new Linux kernels, nowadays it is available as a patch to a specific kernel and to the iproute2 tool (iproute2 contains Netem). It is not advised to define specific distortion patterns for testing in standards, because it will be easy to adapt devices to these patterns (as it is already done for test signals). But if a pattern is unknown to a manufacturer, the same pattern can be used by a test lab for different devices and gives comparable results. It is also possible to take a trace of NIST Net distortions, generate a file out of this and playback exact the same distortions with Netem. 6 Acoustic environment In general two possible approaches need to be taken into account: EITHER room noise and background noise are an inherent part of the test environment OR room noise and background noise shall be eliminated to such an extent that their influence on the test results can be neglected. Unless stated otherwise measurements shall be conducted under quiet and "anechoic" conditions. Depending on the distance of the transducers from mouth and ear a quiet office room may be sufficient e.g. for handsets where artificial mouth and artificial ear are located close to the acoustical transducers. However, for some headsets or handset terminals with smaller dimension an anechoic room will be required. In cases where real or simulated background noise is used as part of the testing environment, the original background noise must not be noticeably influenced by the acoustical properties of the room. In all cases where the performance of acoustic echo cancellers shall be tested a realistic room which represents the typical user environment for the terminal shall be used. 7 s and associated measurement methodologies NOTE 1: In general the test methods as described in the present document apply. If alternative methods exist they may be used if they have been proven to give the same result as the method described in the present document. This will be indicated in the test report. NOTE 2: Due to the time variant nature of IP connections delay variation may impair the measurements. In such cases the measurement has to be repeated until a valid measurement result is achieved.

13 Test setup The preferred acoustical access to terminals is the most realistic simulation of the "average" subscriber. This can be made by using Head And Torso Simulator (HATS) with appropriate ear simulation and appropriate means to fix handset and headset terminals in a realistic and reproducible way to the HATS. HATS is described in ITU-T Recommendation P.58 [14], appropriate ears are described in ITU-T Recommendation P.57 [13] (type 3.3 and type 3.4 ear), a proper positioning of handsets under realistic conditions is to be found in ITU-T Recommendation P.64 [15]. The preferred way of testing a terminal is to connect it to a network simulator with exact defined settings and access points. The test sequences are fed in either electrically, using a reference codec or using the direct signal processing approach or acoustically using ITU-T specified devices. IP-Half-Channel Measurement Adapter (VoIP Reference Point) Gateway Simulation Path through IP network Network simulator delay, jitter, packet loss Path through IP network VoIP Terminal under test POI Electrical Reference Point Measurement System Figure 1: Half channel terminal measurement Setup for handsets and headsets When using a handset telephone the handset is placed in the HATS position as described in ITU-T Recommendation P.64 [15]. The artificial mouth shall be conform with ITU-T Recommendation P.58 [14]. The artificial ear shall be conform with ITU-T Recommendation P.57 [13], type 3.3 or type 3.4 ears shall be used. Recommendations for positioning headsets are given in ITU-T Recommendation P.380 [18]. If not stated otherwise headsets shall be placed in their recommended wearing position. Further information about setup and the use of HATS can be found in ITU-T Recommendation P.380 [18]. Unless stated otherwise if a volume control is provided the setting is chosen such that the nominal RLR is met as close as possible. Unless stated otherwise the application force of 8N is used for handset testing. No application force is used for headsets.

14 Position and calibration of HATS All the send and receive characteristics shall be tested with the HATS, it shall be indicated what type of ear was used at what application force. For handsets if not stated otherwise 8 N application force shall be used. The horizontal positioning of the HATS reference plane shall be guaranteed within ±2º. The HATS shall be equipped with two type 3.3 or type 3.4 artificial ears. For binaural headsets two artificial ears are required. The type 3.3 or type 3.4 artificial ears as specified in ITU-T Recommendation P.57 [13] shall be used. The artificial ear shall be positioned on HATS according to ITU-T Recommendation P.58 [14]. The exact calibration and equalization can be found in ITU-T Recommendation P.581 [21]. If not stated otherwise, the HATS shall be diffuse-field equalized. The reverse nominal diffuse field curve as found in table 3 of ITU-T Recommendation P.58 [14] shall be used Test signal levels Unless specified otherwise, the test signal level shall be -4,7 dbpa at the MRP. Unless specified otherwise, the applied test signal level at the digital input shall be -16 dbm Setup of background noise simulation A setup for simulating realistic background noises in a lab-type environment is described in EG [i.2]. EG [i.2] contains a description of the recording arrangement for realistic background noises, a description of the setup for a loudspeaker arrangement suitable to simulate a background noise field in a lab-type environment and a database of realistic background noises, which can be used for testing the terminal performance with a variety of different background noises. The principle loudspeaker setup for the simulation arrangement is shown in figure 2. 2 m 2 m 2 m 2 m Subwoofer Figure 2: Loudspeaker arrangement for background noise simulation The equalization and calibration procedure for the setup is described in detail in EG [i.2]. If not stated otherwise this setup is used in all measurements where background noise simulation is required.

15 15 The following noises of EG [i.2] shall be used: Recording in pub Pub_Noise_binaural 30 s Recording at sales counter Cafeteria_Noise_binaural 30 s Recording in business office Work_Noise_Office_Callcenter_binaural 30 s L: 77,8 db(a) R: 78,9 db(a) L: 68,4 db(a) R: 67,3 db(a) L: 56,6 db(a) R: 57,8 db(a) binaural Binaural Binaural 7.2 Coding independent parameters Send Frequency response The send frequency response of the handset or the headset shall be within a mask as defined in table 3 and shown in figure 3. This mask shall be applicable for all types of handsets and headsets. NOTE: Table 3 Frequency Upper Limit Lower Limit 100 Hz 0 db 200 Hz 5 db -5 db Hz 5 db -5 db Hz 5 db -10 db Hz 5 db The limits for intermediate frequencies lie on a straight line drawn between the given values on a linear (db) logarithmic (Hz) scale. 10 Send Frequency response Mask Lower limit Upper limit Target curve (informative) Relative leve l[db] Frequency [Hz] Figure 3: Send frequency response mask NOTE 1: The basis for the target frequency responses in send and receive is the orthotelefonic reference response which is measured between 2 subjects in 1 m distance under free field conditions and is assuming an ideal receive characteristic. Under these conditions the overall frequency response shows a rising slope. In opposite to other standards the present document no longer uses the ERP as the reference point for receive but the diffusefield. With the concept of diffusefield based receive measurements, a rising slope for the overall frequency response is achieved by a flat target frequency response in send and a diffusefield based receive frequency response.

16 16 NOTE 2: A "balanced" frequency response is preferable from the perception point of view. If frequency components in the low frequency domain are attenuated in a similar way frequency components in the high frequency domain should be attenuated. The test signal to be used for the measurements shall be the artificial voice according to ITU-T Recommendation P.50 [11]. If the signal to noise ratio in the high frequency domain is not sufficient Composite Source Signal (CSS) as defined in ITU-T Recommendation P.501 [19] shall be used. The spectrum of acoustic signal produced by the artificial mouth is calibrated under free field conditions at the MRP. The test signal level shall be -4,7 dbpa, duration 20 s (10 s female, 10 s male voice), measured at the MRP. The test signal level is averaged over the complete test signal sequence. The handset terminal is setup as described in clause 7.1. The handset is mounted in the HATS position (see ITU-T Recommendation P.64 [15]). The application force used to apply the handset against the artificial ear is noted in the test report. In case of headset measurements the tests are repeated 5 times, in conformance with ITU-T Recommendation P.380 [18]. The results are averaged (averaged value in db, for each frequency). Measurements shall be made at one twelfth-octave intervals as given by the R.40 series of preferred numbers in ISO 3 [24] for frequencies from 100 Hz to 8 khz inclusive. For the calculation the averaged measured level at the electrical reference point for each frequency band is referred to the averaged test signal level measured in each frequency band at the MRP. The sensitivity is expressed in terms of dbv/pa Send Loudness Rating (SLR) The nominal value of Send Loudness Rating (SLR) shall be: SLR(set) = 8 db ± 3 db The test signal to be used for the measurements shall be the artificial voice according to ITU-T Recommendation P.50 [11], duration 20 s (10 s female, 10 s male voice). If the signal to noise ratio in the high frequency domain is not sufficient CSS as defined in ITU-T Recommendation P.501 [19] shall be used. The spectrum of acoustic signal produced by the artificial mouth is calibrated under free field conditions at the MRP. The test signal level shall be -4,7 dbpa, measured at the MRP. The test signal level is averaged over the complete test signal sequence. The handset or headset terminal is setup as described in clause 7.1. The handset is mounted in the HATS position (see ITU-T Recommendation P.64 [15]). The application force used to apply the handset against the artificial ear is noted in the test report. In case of headset measurements the tests are repeated 5 times, in conformance with ITU-T Recommendation P.380 [18]. The results are averaged (averaged value in db, for each frequency). The send sensitivity shall be calculated from each band of the 20 frequencies given in table 1 of ITU-T Recommendation P.79 [16], bands 1 to 20. For the calculation the averaged measured level at the electrical reference point for each frequency band is referred to the averaged test signal level measured in each frequency band at the MRP. The sensitivity is expressed in terms of dbv/pa and the SLR shall be calculated according to ITU-T Recommendation P.79 [16], see annex A.

17 D-Factor For VoIP terminals the D-factor shall be: D-factor (DelSM) 2 db NOTE: Wideband calculation is for further study, provisionally the measurement is based on narrowband. The background noise simulation as described in clause 7.1 is used. Handset or headset terminals are mounted as described in clause 7.1. Measurements are made on one-third octave bands according to IEC [23] for the 14 bands centred at 200 Hz to 4 khz (bands 4 to 17). For each band the diffuse sound sensitivity Ssi(diff) is measured. The sensitivity shall be expressed in terms of dbv/pa. The direct sound field sensitivity Ssi(direct) is measured as described in clause (SLR). The D value according to ITU-T Recommendation P.79 [16], annex E, formulas E2 and E3 is calculated in bands 4 to 17. The coefficients Ki as described in table E1 are used. The direct sound sensitivity shall be measured using the test set-up specified in clause 7.1 and a speech like test signal as defined in ITU-T Recommendation P.50 [11] or P.501 [19]. The type of test signal used shall be stated in the test report. The direct sound sensitivity is measured in one-third octave bands according to IEC [23] for the 14 bands centred at 200 Hz to 4 khz (bands 4 to 17). For each band the direct sound sensitivity Ssi(direct) is measured. The sensitivity shall be expressed in terms of dbv/pa. The value of the D-factor shall be calculated according to ITU-T Recommendation P.79 [16], annex E, formulas E2 and E3, over the bands from 4 to 17, using the coefficients Ki from table E1 of ITU-T Recommendation P.79 [16] Linearity range for SLR The sensitivity determined with input sound pressure levels between -24,7 dbpa and 5,3 dbpa shall not differ by more than ±2 db from the sensitivity determined with an input sound pressure level of -4,7 dbpa. For the input sound pressure level of 5,3 dbpa a limit of +4 db to -2 db applies. Table 4 Linearity range of SLR: ΔSLR = SLR - SLR@-4,7 dbpa Input Level Target ΔSLR Upper limit Lower limit -24,7 dbpa 0 2 db -2 db -19,7 dbpa 0 2 db -2 db -14,7 dbpa 0 2 db -2 db -9,7 dbpa 0 2 db -2 db -4,9 dbpa 0 2 db -2 db -4,7 dbpa 0 0 db 0 db -4,5 dbpa 0 2 db -2 db 0,3 dbpa 0 2 db -2 db 5,3 dbpa 0 4 db -4 db NOTE: It is assumed that the variation of gain is mostly codec independent. In case codec specific requirements are needed, they are found in clause 7.3. The test signal to be used for the measurements shall be the artificial voice according to ITU-T Recommendation P.50 [11]. If the signal to noise ratio in the high frequency domain is not sufficient CSS as defined in ITU-T Recommendation P.501 [19] shall be used. The spectrum of acoustic signal produced by the artificial mouth is calibrated under free field conditions at the MRP. The test signal levels shall be -24,7 dbpa up to 5,3 dbpa in steps of 5 db, measured at the MRP. The test signal level is averaged over the complete test signal sequence.

18 18 The handset terminal is setup as described in clause 7.1. The handset is mounted in the HATS position (see ITU-T Recommendation P.64 [15]). The application force used to apply the handset against the artificial ear is noted in the test report. The send sensitivity shall be calculated from each band of the 20 frequencies given in table 1 of ITU-T Recommendation P.79 [16], bands 1 to 20. For the calculation the averaged measured level at the electrical reference point for each frequency band is referred to the averaged test signal level measured in each frequency band at the MRP. The sensitivity is expressed in terms of dbv/pa and the SLR shall be calculated according to ITU-T Recommendation P.79 [16], annex A Send distortion The terminal will be positioned as described in clause 7.1. The ratio of signal to harmonic distortion shall be above the following mask: Table 5 NOTE: Frequency Ratio 315 Hz 26 db 400 Hz 30 db 1 khz 30 db 2 khz 30 db Limits at intermediate frequencies lie on a straight line drawn between the given values on a linear (db ratio) - logarithmic (frequency) scale. The terminal will be positioned as described in clause 7.1. The signal used is an activation signal followed by a sine wave signal with a frequency at 315 Hz, 400 Hz, 500 Hz, 630 Hz, 800 Hz, Hz and Hz. The duration of the sine wave shall be less than 1 s. The sinusoidal signal level shall be calibrated to -4,7 dbpa at the MRP. The signal to harmonic distortion ratio is measured selectively up to 6,3 khz. An artificial voice according to ITU-Recommendation P.50 [11] or a speech like test signal as described in ITU-T Recommendation P.501 [19] can be used for activation. Level of this activation signal will be -4,7 dbpa at the MRP. NOTE: Depending on the type of codec the test signal used may need to be adapted Send noise The maximum noise level produced by the VoIP terminal at the POI under silent conditions in the send direction shall not exceed -68 dbm0 (A). No peaks in the frequency domain higher than 10 db above the average noise spectrum shall occur. For the actual measurement no test signal is used. In order to reliably activate the terminal an activation signal is introduced before the actual measurement. The activation signal shall be a sequence of 4 composite source signals (CSS) as described in ITU-T Recommendation P.501 [19]. The spectrum of the acoustic signal produced by the artificial mouth is calibrated under free field conditions at the MRP. The activation signal level shall be -4,7 dbpa, measured at the MRP. The activation signal level is averaged over the complete activation signal sequence. Alternatively other speech like test signals (e.g. artificial voice) with the same signal level can be used for activation.

19 19 The handset terminal is set-up as described in clause 7.1. The handset is mounted at the HATS position (see ITU-T Recommendation P.64 [15]). The send noise is measured at the POI in the frequency range from 100 Hz to 8 khz. The analysis window is applied directly after stopping the activation signal but taking into account the influence of all acoustical components (reverberations). The averaging time is 1 s. The test house has to ensure (e.g. by monitoring the time signal) that during the test the terminal remains in activated condition. If the terminal is deactivated during the measurement, the measurement time has to be reduced to the period where the terminal remains in activated condition. The noise level is measured in dbm0(c) SideTone Masking Rating STMR (mouth to ear) The STMR shall be 16 db ± 4 db for nominal setting of the volume control. For all other positions of the volume control, the STMR must not be below 8 db. NOTE: It is preferable to have a constant STMR independent of the volume control setting. The test signal to be used for the measurements shall be the artificial voice according to ITU-T Recommendation P.50 [11]. The spectrum of the acoustic signal produced by the artificial mouth is calibrated under free field conditions at the MRP. The test signal level shall be -4,7 dbpa, measured at the MRP. The test signal level is averaged over the complete test signal sequence. The handset or the headset terminal is setup as described in clause 7.1. The handset is mounted in the HATS position (see ITU-T Recommendation P.64 [15]) and the application force shall be 13 N on the artificial ear type 3.3 or type 3.4. Where a user operated volume control is provided, the measurements shall be carried out the nominal setting of the volume control. In addition the measurement is repeated at the maximum volume control setting. Measurements shall be made at one twelfth-octave intervals as given by the R.40 series of preferred numbers in ISO 3 [24] for frequencies from 100 Hz to 8 khz inclusive. For the calculation the averaged measured level at each frequency band (ITU-T Recommendation P.79 [16], table 3, bands 1 to 20) is referred to the averaged test signal level measured in each frequency band. The Sidetone path loss (LmeST), as expressed in db, and the SideTone Masking Rate (STMR) (in db) shall be calculated from the formula 5-1 of ITU-T Recommendation P.79 [16], using m = 0,225 and the weighting factors from table 3 of ITU-T Recommendation P.79 [16] Sidetone delay The maximum sidetone-round-trip delay shall be 5 ms, measured in an echo-free setup. The handset or the headset terminal is setup as described in clause 7.1. The handset is mounted in the HATS position (see ITU-T Recommendation P.64 [15]). The test signal is a CS-signal complying with ITU-T Recommendation P.501 [19] using a pn sequence with a length of points (for the 48 khz sampling rate) which equals to the period T. The duration of the complete test signal is as specified in ITU-T Recommendation P.501 [19]. The level of the signal shall be -4,7 dbpa at the MRP. The cross-correlation function Φxy(τ) between the input signal S x (t) generated by the test system in send direction and the output signal S y (t) measured at the artificial ear is calculated in the time domain: Φ xy T / 2 ( τ ) = S ( t) S ( t +τ ) lim (1) x T t= T / 2 y

20 20 The measurement window T shall be exactly identical with the time period T of the test signal, the measurement window is positioned to the pn-sequence of the test signal. The sidetone delay is calculated from the envelope E(τ) of the cross-correlation function Φxy(τ). The first maximum of the envelope function occurs in correspondence with the direct sound produced by the artificial mouth, the second one occurs with a possible delayed sidetone signal. The difference between the two maxima corresponds to the sidetone delay. The envelope E(τ) is calculated by the Hilbert transformation H {xy(τ)} of the cross-correlation: H { xy( )} = Π xy ( u) ( τ u) Φ τ (2) { H[ φxy( } 2 E ( τ ) [ φxy( τ )] 2 + τ )] It is assumed that the measured sidetone delay is less than T/2. = (3) Terminal Coupling Loss weighted (TCLw) The TCLw shall be 55 db. With the volume control set to maximum TCLw shall be 46 db. The volume control shall be set back to nominal after each call unless TCLw 55 db can be maintained also with maximum volume setting. The handset or headset terminal is setup as described in clause 7.1. The handset is mounted in the HATS position (see ITU-T Recommendation P.64 [15]) and the application force shall be 2 N on the artificial ear type 3.3 or type 3.4 as specified in ITU-T Recommendation P.57 [13]. The ambient noise level shall be less than -64 dbpa(a) for handset and headset terminals. The attenuation from electrical reference point input to electrical reference point output shall be measured using a speech like test signal. Before the actual test a training sequence consisting of 10 s male artificial voice followed by 10 s female artificial voice according to ITU-T Recommendation P.50 [11] is applied. The training sequence level shall be -16 dbm0 in order not to overload the codec. The test signal following immediately the training sequence is a PN-sequence complying with ITU-T Recommendation P.501 [19] with a length of points (for the 48 khz sampling rate) and a crest factor of 6 db. The length of the complete test signal composed of at least four sequences of CSS shall be at least one second (1,0 s). The test signal level is -3 dbm0 (from 50 Hz to 7 khz). The low crest factor is achieved by random alternation of the phase between -180 and 180. The TCLw is calculated according to ITU-T Recommendation G.122 [5], clause B.4 (trapezoidal rule) but using the frequency range of 300 Hz to Hz (instead of 300 Hz to Hz). For the calculation the averaged measured echo level at each frequency band is referred to the averaged test signal level measured in each frequency band. For the measurement a time window has to be applied adapted to the duration of the actual pn-sequence of the test signal (200 ms) choosing the pn-sequence of the third CS-Signal. NOTE: The extension of the frequency range is for further study Stability loss With the handset lying on and the transducers facing a hard surface, the attenuation from the digital input to the digital output shall be at least 6 db at all frequencies in the range of 100 Hz to 8 khz. In case of headsets the requirement applies for the closest possible position between microphone and headset receiver. NOTE: Depending on the type of headset it may be necessary to repeat the measurement in different positions.

21 21 Before the actual test a training sequence consisting of 10 s male artificial voice followed by 10 s female artificial voice according to ITU-T Recommendation P.50 [11] is applied. The training sequence level shall be -16 dbm0 in order not to overload the codec. The test signal is a PN sequence complying with ITU-T Recommendation P.501 [19] with a length of points (for the 48 khz sampling rate) and a crest factor of 6 db. The duration of the test signal is 250 ms. With an input signal of -3 dbm0, the attenuation from digital input to digital output shall be measured for frequencies from 100 Hz to 8 khz under the following conditions: a) the handset or the headset, with the transmission circuit fully active, shall be positioned on one inside surface that is of three perpendicular plane, smooth, hard surfaces forming a corner. Each surface shall extend 0,5 m from the apex of the corner. One surface shall be marked with a diagonal line, extending from the corner formed by the three surfaces, and a reference position 250 mm from the corner, as shown in figure 4; b1) the handset, with the transmission circuit fully active, shall be positioned on the defined surface as follows: 1) the mouthpiece and ear cup shall face towards the surface; 2) the handset shall be placed centrally, the diagonal line with the ear cup nearer to the apex of the corner; 3) the extremity of the handset shall coincide with the normal to the reference point, as shown in figure 4; b2) the headset, with the transmission circuit fully active, shall be positioned on the defined surface as follows: 1) the microphone and the receiver shall face towards the surface; 2) the headset receiver shall be placed centrally at the reference point as shown in figure 4; 3) the headset microphone is positioned as close as possible to the receiver. 250 Reference point 250 Reference point NOTE: All dimensions in mm. Figure 4

22 Receive frequency response The receive frequency response of the handset or the headset shall be within a mask as defined in table 6 and shown in figure 5. The application force for handsets is 2 N, 8 N and 13 N. This mask defined for 8 N application force shall be applicable for all types of headsets. Table 6: Receive frequency response mask Frequency Upper limit Lower limit Upper limit Lower limit Upper limit Lower limit 8 N 8 N 2 N 2 N 13 N 13 N 100 Hz 3 db 3 db 6 db 120 Hz 3 db -5 db 3 db -10 db 6 db -5 db 200 Hz 3 db -5 db 3 db -8 db 6 db -5 db 400 Hz 3 db -5 db 3 db -8 db 6 db -5 db Hz See note 1-5 db See note 1-8 db 6 db -5 db Hz See note 1-8 db See note 1-8 db 6 db -8 db Hz See note 1-8 db See note 1-8 db See note 1-8 db Hz 9 db -3 db 9 db -3 db 9 db -3 db Hz 9 db -3 db 9 db -3 db 9 db -3 db Hz 9 db -13 db 9 db -13 db 9 db -13 db Hz 9 db 9 db 9 db NOTE 1: The limit curves shall be determined by straight lines joining successive co-ordinates given in the table, where frequency response is plotted on a linear db scale against frequency on a logarithmic scale. The mask is a floating or "best fit" mask. NOTE 2: The basis for the target frequency responses in send and receive is the orthotelefonic reference response which is measured between 2 subjects in 1 m distance under free field conditions and is assuming an ideal receive characteristic. This flat response characteristics is shown as the target curve. Under these conditions the overall frequency response shows a rising slope. In opposite to other standards the present document no longer uses the ERP as the reference point for receive but the diffuse field. With the concept of diffuse field based receive measurements a rising slope for the overall frequency response is achieved by a flat target frequency response in send and a diffusefield based receive frequency response. NOTE 3: With current technology it may be difficult or even not possible to achieve the desired frequency response characteristics for handsets with 2 N application force. NOTE 4: With current technology it may be difficult or even not possible to achieve the desired frequency response characteristics for headsets below 250 Hz. NOTE 5: The basis for the frequency response mask requirements is a subjective experiment which is described in Annex C. It may be difficult to be compliant with both this frequency response mask and the current frequency response mask as defined in TIA-920 [25].