Scalable Hybrid WDM/Multi-beam Free Space Optical Network in Tropical Weather

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1 1 st International Conference of Recent Trends in Information and Communication Technologies Scalable Hybrid WDM/Multi-beam Free Space Optical Network in Tropical Weather Samir A. Al-Gailani 1,2*, Abu Bakar Mohammad 1, Redhwan Q. Shaddad 1,3 1 Lightwave Communication Research Group, Info Comm Research Alliance, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia 2 Industrial Technical Institute Mua lla Aden Yemen 3 Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, Taiz University, Yemen Abstract Hybrid wavelength division multiplexing (WDM)/multibeam free-space optics (FSO) is a promising technique to overcome atmospheric attenuation due to heavy rain in tropical regions like Malaysia and to fulfill the growing demand for increased communication bandwidth and scalability. In this study, a hybrid sixteen channel Gb/s WDM/multibeam FSO network having sixteen wavelengths with standard downlink channel spacing of 0.8 nm (100 GHz) is proposed. The hybrid WDM/multibeam FSO technique improved the performance of an FSO link in terms of the received power, link distance, data rate, and scalability under heavy rain attenuation of 19 db/km. The proposed technique provided access data to sixteen end users, each at a data rate of 1.25 Gb/s along an FSO link distance of 1090 m. Keywords. Hybrid WDM/multi-beam FSO; optical networks; atmospheric attenuation; network scalability. *Corresponding author: samiralgailani@yahoo.com IRICT 2014 Proceeding 12 th -14 th September, 2014, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia

2 Samir A. Al-Gailani et. al. /IRICT (2014) Introduction Free space optics (FSO) is a promising communication technique for various types of services in the optical access network. An FSO system is a line-of-sight communication system [1]; thus, no laying of fiber optic cables is needed, no expensive rooftop installations are required, and no security upgrades are necessary. In addition to all these advantages, upgrading of the system can be easily performed, and no RF license is required [2]. Currently, the FSO system can transmit large capacity of data at a date rate of 1.25 Gb/s [3]. Although the FSO system has all these advantages, it suffers from degradation from atmospheric occurrences such as absorption, scattering, and nonselective scattering due to large-sized raindrops [4]. The nonselective scattering is considered as the main drawback of the FSO in tropical countries such as in South East Asian countries. Other parameters that degrade the FSO transmitted power are its physical characteristic such as the installation, location, and increase in the link distance between the transceivers. Single beam FSO system in tropical rainy weather is vulnerable to atmospheric rain attenuation, limited received power, limited distance, and limited scalability. To overcome all these noted drawbacks a hybrid WDM/multi-beam FSO network is proposed and evaluated. WDM is a multiplexing technique in which multiple optical signals are multiplexed on a single medium using different wavelengths. It is a technique to carry more than one optical signal with dissimilar wavelengths. Although the FSO system is a wellstudied topic, the appearance of the WDM technique and the high demand for broadband communications has become a new study in communication area [5]. This technique is proposed to overcome the limited received power, limited distance, and limited scalability, which are experienced by ordinary single-beam FSO systems. Implementing the WDM technique and multi-beam concept in an FSO system results in two beneficial outcomes which are; an increase in the number of end users (EUs) capable of accessing high data rate at low price, and decrease in heavy rain attenuation resulted from tropical weather. To best of our knowledge, the hybridization between multi-beam FSO and WDM technique is proposed here for the first time.

3 Samir A. Al-Gailani et. al. /IRICT (2014) In the WDM-based access, the bandwidth demand has increased rapidly; thus, it is a potential solution for future data transport with regard to all optical wide area networks [6]. In fiber optics communication, WDM is well known and used extensively. Several single-beam FSO WDM transmission systems have been successfully demonstrated [5], where the different wavelengths are carried by one beam. Even though more than one wavelength is used to increase the dada rate, after all, this system lies under a single beam attenuation affect. In the current study, the performance and applicability of the four-beam FSO system in rainy weather is proposed and investigated using WDM. The study is conducted based on simulation using onsite attenuation and rain intensity measurements. It considers the received power, geometrical losses, and atmospheric losses due to heavy rain. This paper is organized as follows: Section 2 demonstrates the detailed block diagram of the proposed network. Section 3 is dedicated to the result analysis and discussion, and finally, Section 4 concludes the paper and suggests a future work. Fig. 1: Detailed block diagram of the hybrid WDM/multi-beam FSO layout.

4 Samir A. Al-Gailani et. al. /IRICT (2014) Layout of Hybrid WDM/Multi-beam FSO The architecture of hybrid WDM/multi-beam FSO layout is structured as in Fig. 1. The architecture is designed to have four sections as follows: (1) FSO-BS, (2) multibeam FSO channel, (3) ODD, and (4) FSO-EUS. The FSO-BS is designed with four transmitters, one optical 16 1 WDM multiplexer, one optical splitter, and four spatially diverse lenses. Sixteen laser diodes (LDs) are installed, which produce optical carrier signals at different wavelengths (λ 1, λ 2, λ 3, and λ 16 ), with a transmit power of 7.7 dbm. These downlink wavelengths are selected in the 1550-nm band with a channel spacing (Δλ) of 0.8 nm (100 GHz) with standard ITU-T G from 1550 nm to 1562 nm, as it is demonstrated by power spectrum given in Fig. 2. Fig. 2: Power spectrum of transmitted power for the sixteen beams with different down link wavelengths

5 Samir A. Al-Gailani et. al. /IRICT (2014) In addition to the LD, each transmitter is designed to have one Mach Zehnder modulator (MZM). The 1.25 Gb/s digital data, composed of binary bits, are generated using a pseudo-random binary sequence generator and modulated with laser using the MZM. These data are then optically multiplexed using the WDM multiplexer into one downlink signal carrying the sixteen wavelengths (λ1, λ2, λ3, and λ16), as shown in Fig. 1. The multiplexed signal is split into four beams (B1, B2, B3, and B4) using the optical power splitter. The four beams are then sent to the FSO channel through an optical lens transmitter (T x ). Based on the two factors which are; the receiver design which provides short spacing between the receiver lenses and the diverging effect of transmitted beam, each transmitted beam is received by the four receiver lenses at the other end. In total, 16 paths are produced propagating through the FSO channel carrying the transmitted data. The FSO channel is subjected to rain attenuation and geometrical loss of 19.0 db/km and db, respectively which were evaluated by [7] using expressions (1) and (2), respectively, and the overall measured FSO transceiver loss is 8 db. where, Rain rain attenuation (db/km) R rain intensity (mm/h) k and rain coefficients k. R A (1) Rain atmos where. P A db N A l db, (2) r 2 geo( ) 10log 10[ RX ( RX ) / ( ) ] pt P r received power N RX P t 4ARX 2 l number of receivers used beam divergence (mrad)

6 Samir A. Al-Gailani et. al. /IRICT (2014) l link distance (km) As noted in [8, 9], the multiple beams that leave the FSO transmitter are completely independent, but over distance, they overlap. By the time they reach the receiver head, they turn to a single high-power spot of beam carrying a strong signal. These four beams are received by four optical lens receivers (Rx) that are connected to the ODD. The ODD combine all received beams using the optical combiner and then demultiplexes them using the 1 16 WDM demultiplexer [10]. Consequently, the output from the ODD produces four high-power beams at a high data rate of 1.25 Gb/s with different wavelengths (λ1, λ2, λ3,, and λ16). These four beams are then sent to the respective FSO EUS to be accessed as Internet service or any other digital services. Each EU is provided by one avalanche photo detector (APD) with a gain of three to convert the optical signal to an electrical signal, followed by one low-pass filter (LPF) to filter the unwanted signals. 3 Results and Discussion Fig. 3 demonstrates the analysis of bit error rate (BER) versus received optical power. This figure also shows the power receiver sensitivity difference of the receivers at the FSO EUs for different wave lengths for the sixteen downlink wavelengths (λ1, λ2, λ3,, and λ16). Fig. 3: BER performance of the received optical power at the FSO EUs.

7 Samir A. Al-Gailani et. al. /IRICT (2014) The power receiver sensitivity difference of the receiver for different wave lengths at required BER of 10 9 is clearly a small value, which is roughly less than 1 db. Fig. 4 shows the maximum distance achieved by the network. It clearly demonstrated that the maximum distance achieved by the network is 1085 m at a BER of The increase in the distance beyond the stated optimum distance causes channel overlapping and degradation of the system performance. Fig. 4: Optimum link distance achieved by the proposed network. The eye diagrams for the entire network at link distance of 1085 m are depicted in Fig. 5. It is clearly seen that the eye opening for all FSO receivers is identical with adequate eye opening to detect the received signal. Fig. 5 Eye diagrams for the entire network at link distance of 1085 m.

8 Samir A. Al-Gailani et. al. /IRICT (2014) Conclusion In this paper, a hybrid WDM/multibeam FSO network has been proposed. The hybrid WDM/multibeam FSO network has provided a significant improvement in the link distance, received optical power, geometrical loss, and scalability. The network performance has been analyzed, and the study concludes that a maximum link distance of 1090 m is achieved by the network under heavy rain attenuation of 19 db/km. The power receiver sensitivity difference of the receiver for different wave lengths at a BER of 10 9 was noted to be a small value, which is approximately less than 1 db. Meanwhile, in terms of scalability, sixteen users can access data each at 1.25 Gb/s, which is considered sufficient compared to conventional multibeam technique accessing data to only one EU. The hybrid WDM/multibeam FSO network can be a good candidate to solve the last mile problem and the rapid increase in capacity demand without requiring new FSO transceivers. At the moment the evaluation is going-on for a real-time system operating in heavy rain as compared to simulation presented here. In the future, increasing the capacity of the hybrid WDM/multibeam FSO network can be studied and implemented to reach up to 32 channels. ACKNOWLEDGMENT This work was supported by research grant from Ministry of Science Technology and Innovation, Malaysia under Vote The authors would like to thank the Research Management Centre (RMC) Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, for facilitating the management of this vote. References 1. Al-Gailani, S.A., Mohammad, A.B., Shaddad, R.Q.: Evaluation of a 1 Gb/s Free Space Optic system in typical Malaysian weather. In: Photonics (ICP), 2012 IEEE 3rd International Conference on, 1-3 Oct , pp Naimullah, B.S.S., Hitam, S., Shah, N.S.M., Othman, M., Anas, S.B.A., Abdullah, M.K.: Analysis of the effect of haze on free space optical communication in the Malaysian environment. In: Telecommunications and Malaysia International Conference on Communications, ICT-MICC IEEE International Conference on, May , pp Amandeep Kaur Virk, J.S.M., Sakshi Pahuja: Link Margin Optimization of Free Space Optical Link under the Impact of Varying Meteorological Conditions. International Journal of Engineering Science and Technology (IJEST) 4, (2012).

9 Samir A. Al-Gailani et. al. /IRICT (2014) Singh, M.S.J., Hassan, S.I.S., Ain, M.F.: Rainfall attenuation and rainfall rate measurements in Malaysia comparison with prediction models. American Journal of Applied Sciences 4(1), 5-7 (2007). 5. Hitam, S., Suhaimi, S.N., Noor, A.S., Anas, S.B., Sahbudin, R.K.: Performance Analysis on 16-Channels Wavelength Division Multiplexing in Free Space Optical Transmission under Tropical Regions Environment. Journal of Computer Science 8(1), 145 (2012). 6. Ab-Rahman, M.S., Guna, H., Harun, M.H., Zan, S.D., Jumari, K.: Cost-Effective Fabrication of Self-Made 1 12 Polymer Optical Fiber-Based Optical Splitters for Automotive Application. American Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences 2(2), (2009). 7. ITU-Recommendations: Specific attenuation model for rain for use in prediction methods. ITU-R P (2005). 8. NUR Haedzerin MD Noor, A.W.N.A.W.A.-K.: Performance analysis of a free space optics link with multiple transmitters/receivers. IIUM Engineering Journal 13, (2012). 9. Al-Gailani, S. A., A. B. Mohammad, and R. Q. Shaddad.: Enhancement of free space optical link in heavy rain attenuation using multiple beam concept. Optik-International Journal for Light and Electron Optics , (2013). 10. Fadhil, H.A., Amphawan, A., Shamsuddin, H.A., Hussein Abd, T., Al-Khafaji, H.M., Aljunid, S., Ahmed, N.: Optimization of free space optics parameters: An optimum solution for bad weather conditions. Optik-International Journal for Light and Electron Optics 124(19), (2013).

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