McGraw-Hill Irwin DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING. A Computer-Based Approach. Second Edition. Sanjit K. Mitra

Transcription

1 DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING A Computer-Based Approach Second Edition Sanjit K. Mitra Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California, Santa Barbara Jurgen - Knorr- Kbliothek Spende der Siemens AG an den FB Elektrotechnik McGraw-Hill Irwin Boston Burr Ridge, IL Dubuque, IA Madison, Wl New York San Francisco St. Louis Bangkok Bogota Caracas Kuala Lumpur Lisbon London Madrid Mexico City Milan Montreal New Delhi Santiago Seoul Singapore Sydney Taipei Toronto

2 Preface xiii 1 Signals and Signal Processing Characterization and Classification of Signals Typical Signal Processing Operations Examples of Typical Signals Typical Signal Processing Applications Why Digital Signal Processing? 37 2 Discrete-Time Signals and Systems in the Time-Domain Discrete-Time Signals Typical Sequences and Sequence Representation The Sampling Process Discrete-Time Systems Time-Domain Characterization of LTI Discrete-Time Systems Finite-Dimensional LTI Discrete-Time Systems Correlation of Signals Random Signals Summary Problems MATLAB Exercises Discrete-Time Signals in the Transform-Domain The Discrete-Time Fourier Transform The Discrete Fourier Transform Relation between the DTFT and the DFT, and Their Inverses Discrete Fourier Transform Properties Computation of the DFT of Real Sequences Linear Convolution Using the DFT The z-transform Region of Convergence of a Rational z-transform Inverse z-transform z-transform Properties Transform-Domain Representations of Random Signals 176

3 3.12 Summary Problems MATLAB Exercises LTI Discrete-Time Systems in the Transform-Domain Finite-Dimensional Discrete-Time Systems The Frequency Response The Transfer Function Types of Transfer Functions Simple Digital Filters Allpass Transfer Function Minimum-Phase and Maximum-Phase Transfer Functions Complementary Transfer Functions Inverse Systems System Identification DigitalTwo-Pairs Algebraic Stability Test 261 4;B3 Discrete-Time Processing of Random Signals 267-4:14 Matched Filter Summary Problems MATLAB Exercises Digital 1 Processing of Continuous-Time Signals Introduction Sampling of Continuous-Time Signals Sampling of Bandpass Signals Analog Lowpass Filter Design Design of Analog Highpass, Bandpass, and Bandstop Filters Anti-Aliasing Filter Design Sample-and-Hold Circuit Analog-to-Digital Converter Digital-to-Analog Converter Reconstruction Filter Design Effect of Sample-and-Hold Operation Summary Problems MATLAB Exercises Digital Filter Structures Block Diagram Representation Equivalent Structures Basic FIR Digital Filter Structures Basic IIR Digital Filter Structures Realization of Basic Structures Using MATLAB Allpass Filters Tunable IIR Digital Filters IIR Tapped Cascaded Lattice Structures 389

4 - xi 6.9 FIR Cascaded Lattice Structures Parallel Allpass Realization of IIR Transfer Functions Digital Sine-Cosine Generator Computational Complexity of Digital Filter Structures Summary Problems MATLAB Exercises Digital Filter Design Preliminary Considerations Bilinear Transformation Method of IIR Filter Design Design of Lowpass IIR Digital Filters Design of Highpass, Bandpass, and Bandstop IIR Digital Filters Spectral Transformations of IIR Filters FIR Filter Design Based on Windowed Fourier Series Computer-Aided Design of Digital Filters Design of FIR Digital Filters with Least-Mean-Square Error Constrained Least-Square Design of FIR Digital Filters Digital Filter Design Using MATLAB Summary Problems MATLAB Exercises DSP Algorithm Implementation Basic Issues Structure Simulation and Verification Using MATLAB Computation of the Discrete Fourier Transform Number Representation Arithmetic Operations Handling of Overflow Tunable Digital Filters Function Approximation Summary Problems MATLAB Exercises Analysis of Finite Wordlength Effects The Quantization Process and Errors Quantization of Fixed-Point Numbers Quantization of Floating-Point Numbers Analysis of Coefficient Quantization Effects A/D Conversion Noise Analysis Analysis of Arithmetic Round-Off Errors Dynamic Range Scaling Signal-to-Noise Ratio in Low-Order IIR Filters Low-Sensitivity Digital Filters Reduction of Product Round-Off Errors Using Error Feedback Limit Cycles in IIR Digital Filters 639

5 xii Contents 9.12 Round-Off Errors in FFT Algorithm s Summary Problems MATLAB Exercises Multirate Digital Signal Processing The Basic Sample Rate Alteration Devices Filters in Sampling Rate Alteration Systems Multistage Design of Decimator and Interpolator The Polyphase Decomposition Arbitrary-Rate Sampling Rate Converter Digital Filter Banks Nyquist Filters Two-Channel Quadrature-Mirror Filter Bank Perfect Reconstruction Two-Channel FIR Filter Banks L-Channel QMF Banks Cosine-Modulated L-Channel Filter Banks Multilevel Filter Banks Summary Problems MATLAB Exercises Applications of Digital Signal Processing Dual-Tone Multifrequency Signal Detection Spectral Analysis of Sinusoidal Signals Spectral Analysis of Nonstationary Signals Spectral Analysis of Random Signals Musical Sound Processing Digital FM Stereo Generation Discrete-Time Analytic Signal Generation Subband Coding of Speech and Audio Signals Transmultiplexers Discrete Multitone Transmission of Digital Data Digital Audio Sampling Rate Conversion Oversampling A/D Converter Oversampling D/A Converter Sparse Antenna Array Design Summary Problems MATLAB Exercises 834 Bibliography 837 Index 855