Not for New Design. For existing customer transition, and for new customers or new applications,

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1 Not for New Design These parts are in production but have been determined to be NOT FOR NEW DESIGN. This classification indicates that sale of this device is currently restricted to existing customer applications. The device should not be purchased for new design applications because obsolescence in the near future is probable. Samples are no longer available. Date of status change: September 3, 2018 Recommended Substitutions: For existing customer transition, and for new customers or new applications, contact factory. NOTE: For detailed information on purchasing options, contact your local Allegro field applications engineer or sales representative. reserves the right to make, from time to time, revisions to the anticipated product life cycle plan for a product to accommodate changes in production capabilities, alternative product availabilities, or market demand. The information included herein is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, assumes no responsibility for its use; nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties which may result from its use.

2 FEATURES AND BENEFITS Sensorless (no Hall sensors required) Soft switching for reduced audible noise Minimal external components PWM speed input FG speed output Low power standby mode Lock detection Optional overcurrent protection Variant A automotive qualified to AEC-Q100 Grade 2 PACKAGE: 16-pin TSSOP with exposed thermal pad (suffix LP) DESCRIPTION The A4941 three-phase motor driver incorporates BEMF sensing to eliminate the requirement for Hall sensors in fan applications. A pulse wave modulated (PWM) input is provided to control motor speed, allowing system cost savings by eliminating external variable power supply. PWM input can also be used as an on/off switch to disable motor operation and place the IC into a low power standby mode. The A4941 is provided in a 16-pin TSSOP package (suffix LP) with an exposed thermal pad. It is lead (Pb) free, with 100% matte tin leadframe plating. Not to scale Functional Block Diagram 12 V 0.1 µf 0.1 µf VCP CP1 CP2 10 µf VBB SLEW PWM +V INT Soft Switch Control Logic 3-Phase Half Bridges Charge Pump M 25 khz OSC Timers OCP SENSE FC O/C TEST Startup OSC Sequencer (Direction) Ω CDCOM Adaptive Commutation Delay + 10 kω FG FCOM + + BEMF Comparator A4941-DS, Rev. 6 MCO September 21, 2018

3 SELECTION GUIDE Part Number Application Packing A4941GLPTR-T Commerical/Industrial 4000 pieces per 13-in. reel A4941GLPTR-A-T Automotive 4000 pieces per 13-in. reel ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS Characteristic Symbol Notes Rating Unit Supply Voltage 20 V Logic Input Voltage Range V IN PWM, SLEW 0.3 to 5.5 V FC 0.3 to V Logic Output Voltage V OUT FG V Output Current I OUT Peak (startup and lock rotor) 1.25 A rms, duty cycle = 100% 900 ma Operating Ambient Temperature T A G temperature range 40 to 105 C Maximum Junction Temperature T J (max) 150 C Storage Temperature T stg 55 to 150 C RECOMMENDED OPERATING CONDITIONS Characteristic Symbol Conditions Min. Typ. Max. Unit Supply Voltage 5 16 V Output Current I OUT Peak (startup and lock rotor) 1 A Run current <500 ma THERMAL CHARACTERISTICS: May require derating at maximum conditions Characteristic Symbol Test Conditions* Value Unit Package Thermal Resistance R θja On 4-layer PCB based on JEDEC standard 34 C/W On 2-layer PCB with 1 in. 2 of copper area each side 52 C/W *Additional thermal information available on the Allegro website 2

4 Pinout Diagram CP1 CP2 VCP SLEW PWM FG PAD SENSE 13 VBB FC 9 TEST Terminal List Table Name Number Function CP1 2 Charge pump CP2 3 Charge pump 12 Motor terminal center tap FC 10 Logic input FG 8 Speed output signal 5, 11 Ground 15 Motor terminal A 16 Motor terminal B 1 Motor terminal C PWM 7 Logic input SENSE 14 Sense resistor connection SLEW 6 Logic input TEST 9 Test use only, leave open circuit VBB 13 Input supply VCP 4 Charge pump 3

5 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS: Valid at T J = 40 to 105 C, = 5 to 16 V*, unless otherwise noted VBB Supply Current Characteristics Symbol Test Conditions Min. Typ. Max. Unit I BB ma I BBST Standby mode, PWM = 0 V, SLEW = FC = O/C µa Total Driver R DS(on) (Sink + Source) R DS(on) I = 800 ma, T J = 25 C mω Overcurrent Threshold V OCL mv PWM Low Level V IL 0.8 V PWM High Level V IH 2 V Input Hysteresis V HYS mv Logic Input Current I IN SLEW, V IN = 0 V µa PWM, V IN = 0 V µa FC, V IN = 0 V µa Output Saturation Voltage V SAT I = 5 ma 0.3 V FG Output Leakage I FG V = 16 V 1 µa PROTECTION CIRCUITRY Lock Protection t on s t off s Thermal Shutdown Temperature T JTSD Temperature increasing C Thermal Shutdown Hysteresis T JHYS Recovery = T JTSD T J 15 C VBB Undervoltage Lockout (UVLO) V UVLO rising V *For the A4941GLPTR-T, the electrical test is performed at 12 V only and characterized across the voltage range. 4

6 FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION The driver system is a three-phase, BEMF sensing motor controller and driver. Commutation is controlled by a proprietary BEMF sensing technique. The motor drive system consists of three half bridge NMOS outputs, BEMF sensing circuits, adaptive commutation control, and state sequencer. The sequencer determines which output devices are active. The BEMF sensing circuits and adaptive commutation circuits determine when the state sequencer advances to the next state. A complete self-contained BEMF sensing commutation scheme is provided. The three half-bridge outputs are controlled by a state machine with six possible states, shown in figure 1. Motor BEMF is sensed at the tri-stated output for each state. BEMF sensing motor commutation relies on the accurate comparison of the voltage on the tri-stated output to the voltage at the center tap of the motor. The BEMF zero crossing, the point where the tri-stated motor winding voltage crosses the center tap voltage, is used as a positional reference. The zero crossing occurs roughly halfway through one commutation cycle. Adaptive commutation circuitry and programmable timers determine the optimal commutation points with minimal external components. The major blocks within this system are: the BEMF zero crossing detector, Commutation Delay timer, and the Blank timer. BEMF ZERO CROSS DETECTION BEMF zero crossings are detected by comparing the voltage at the tri-stated motor winding to the voltage at the motor center tap. Zero crossings are indicated by the FCOM signal, which goes high at each valid zero crossing and low at the beginning of the next commutation. In each state, the BEMF detector looks for the first correct polarity zero crossing and latches it until the next state. This latching action, along with precise comparator hysteresis, makes for a robust sensing system. At the beginning of each commutation event, the BEMF detectors are inhibited for a period of time set by the Blank timer. This is done so that commutation transients do not disturb the BEMF sensing system. COMMUTATION EVENT See figure 1 for timing relationships. The commutation sequence is started by a CDCOM pulse or a valid XCOM at startup. After Output State A B C D E F A B C D E F FCOM CDCOM FG Figure 1. Motor Terminal Output States 5

7 the commutation delay period, a CDCOM is asserted, starting the Blank timer. The Blank signal disables the BEMF detector so the comparator is not active during the commutation transients. The next zero crossing, detected on the tri-stated output, causes FCOM to go high. This triggers the Commutation Delay timer and the sequence repeats. Connection pin for motor center-tap if available. If not available (such as with delta type motors), can be left open and the null point will be generated internally. STARTUP At startup, commutations are provided by an onboard oscillator. These commutations are part of the startup scheme, to step the motor to generate BEMF until legitimate BEMF zero crossings are detected and normal BEMF sensing commutation is achieved. Until an appropriate number of FCOM pulses are achieved (96), 100% PWM will be applied to the motor windings. STANDBY MODE Driving PWM low for 500 µs causes the IC to enter a low power standby mode. LOCK DETECT Valid FCOM signals must be detected to ensure the motor is not stalled. If a valid FG is not detected for 2 s, the outputs will be disabled for 5 s before an auto-restart is attempted. FG OUTPUT The FG output provides fan speed information to the system. FG is an open drain output. PWM INPUT The duty cycle applied to the PWM pin is translated directly to an average duty cycle applied across the motor windings to control speed. For voltage controlled applications, where controls the speed, PWM can be left open circuit. PWM is internally pulledup to logic high level. PWM also can be used as a control input to start and stop the motor. For PWM applications, input frequencies in the range 15 to 30 khz are applied directly to the motor windings. If the PWM duty cycle is very small, then the IC will apply a minimum pulse width of typically 6 µs. This minimum pulse width effects the minimum speed. As a result of having a minimum pulse width, the IC can startup and operate down to very short duty cycles. SLEW INPUT Enables or disables soft switching by connection as follows: SLEW Pin Connection Open Soft Start Status Enabled Disabled FC INPUT This is the logic input to set force commutation time at startup, by connection as follows: Startup Commutation Time FC Pin Connection (ms) 100 VBB 50 Open 200 OVERCURRENT PROTECTION If needed, a sense resistor can be installed to limit current. (See Applications Information section for more details.) The current limit trip point would be set by: I OCL = 200 mv / R S. When the trip point is reached, if the threshold voltage, V OCL, is exceeded, the drivers will be disabled for 25 µs. 6

8 INPUT/OUTPUT STRUCTURES VCP CP1 CP2 100 kω 250 kω SLEW 8 V PWM 8 V VBB 25 V MOS Parasitic MOS Parasitic FC FG TEST 8 V 7

9 APPLICATION INFORMATION M Name Typical Value Description C2 C3 R CP1 CP2 VCP SLEW PWM FG 16 A SENSE 14 R1 VBB 13 PAD 12 C1 11 FC 10 TEST 9 D2 D1 C1 10 µf / 25 V VBB supply capacitor, minimum 10 µf, electrolytic can be used C2,C3 0.1 µf / 25 V Charge pump ceramic capacitors R2 10 kω FG pull-up resistor, can be pulled-up to if required D1 >1.5 A rated Optional blocking diode for supply reverse polarity protection D2 15 V Transient voltage suppressor (TVS) Typical Application Circuit; speed adjusted via VBB R Ω Current limiting sense resistor, required for low resistance motors STARTUP OSCILLATOR SETTING (FC) Typically, the 50 ms setting is optimum for motors appropriate for use with the A4941. If the motor does not produce a proper BEMF signal at startup when power is applied, a longer setting may be required. SLEW SETTING Connect SLEW to ground to enable the soft switching function. For some motors, soft switching may reduce audible noise. Enabling the soft switching function can result in motor stall for some motors, specifically motors with large inductance that run at higher speeds. For this situation, there are two potential solutions: Limit the motor speed by lowering the maximum demand, by reducing either V motor (max) or the PWM duty applied. Disable soft switching by leaving SLEW pin open circuit. CURRENT LIMITING Use of the current limit circuit is not required. If motor resistance (phase-to-phase) will limit the current below the rating in the Absolute Maximum table, then simply connect the SENSE pin to ground. That is: If ( (max) / R motor ) < 1.25 A, eliminate R S. If ( (max) / R motor ) > I OUT (max), the choice of R S determines the current limit setting; recommended range is 167 mω < R S < 250 mω. Note: For some motor types, use of the current limit circuit may prevent proper startup due to the effect of the chopping on the BEMF voltage appearing on the tri-stated winding. LAYOUT NOTES Connect pins (5,11) to exposed pad ground area under package. Add thermal vias from exposed pad to bottom side ground plane. Place decoupling capacitor as close to the IC as possible. Place sense resistor, (if used), as close to the IC as possible. 8

10 Package LP, 16-Pin TSSOP with Exposed Thermal Pad ±0.10 8º 0º B 3 NOM 4.40± ± ±0.15 A 1.00 REF 16X 0.10 C NOM Branded Face SEATING PLANE C 0.25 BSC SEATING PLANE GAUGE PLANE C PCB Layout Reference View BSC MAX For Reference Only; not for tooling use (reference MO-153 ABT) Dimensions in millimeters Dimensions exclusive of mold flash, gate burrs, and dambar protrusions Exact case and lead configuration at supplier discretion within limits shown A Terminal #1 mark area B Exposed thermal pad (bottom surface); dimensions may vary with device C Reference land pattern layout (reference IPC7351 SOP65P640X110-17M); All pads a minimum of 0.20 mm from all adjacent pads; adjust as necessary to meet application process requirements and PCB layout tolerances; when mounting on a multilayer PCB, thermal vias at the exposed thermal pad land can improve thermal dissipation (reference EIA/JEDEC Standard JESD51-5) 9

11 REVISION HISTORY Number Date Description 4 December 20, 2012 Add information on, Automotive variant 5 February 24, 2015 Added to information 6 September 21, 2018 Updated product status to not for new design; minor editorial updates Copyright 2018, reserves the right to make, from time to time, such departures from the detail specifications as may be required to permit improvements in the performance, reliability, or manufacturability of its products. Before placing an order, the user is cautioned to verify that the information being relied upon is current. Allegro s products are not to be used in any devices or systems, including but not limited to life support devices or systems, in which a failure of Allegro s product can reasonably be expected to cause bodily harm. The information included herein is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, assumes no responsibility for its use; nor for any infringement of patents or other rights of third parties which may result from its use. Copies of this document are considered uncontrolled documents. For the latest version of this document, visit our website: 10