IS-95 /CdmaOne Standard. By Mrs.M.R.Kuveskar.
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1 IS-95 /CdmaOne Standard By Mrs.M.R.Kuveskar.
2 CDMA Classification of CDMA Systems CDMA SYSTEMS CDMA one CDMA 2000 IS95 IS95B JSTD 008 Narrow Band Wide Band
3 CDMA Multiple Access in CDMA: Each user is assigned a unique PN code. Each user transmits its information by spreading with unique code. Direct Sequence spread spectrum is used. Users are separated by code,not by time slot and freq slot.
4 CDMA Concept of CDMA Users share same bandwidth User axis shows User cumulative signal strength of all users Code 4 Code 3 Code2 Code 1 Freq
5 IS-95 CDMA Each channel occupies 1.25 MHz Fixed chip rate Mcps Variable user data rate - depends on voice activity Direct sequence spread spectrum signaling on reverse & forward links.
6 IS-95 CDMA Universal frequency reuse fast power control to overcome near-far problem RAKE receiver to take advantage of multipath Soft handoffs
7 CDMA Channel & Frequency Reverse CDMA Channel Forward CDMA Channel 1.25MHz 1.25MHz CDMA Channel Frequency MHz 45 MHz MHz Frequency 7
8 8 Frequency Reuse CDMA D E F G B C D E F B C G D E F C D E B C G A B C F B A A 7 cell Freq Reuse Plan Freq Reuse Plan in CDMA A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A
9 IS-95 Architecture
10 IS-95: Channel Types Forward link Channels Reverse link Channles
11 IS-95: Channel Types
12 Forward Channels
13 IS-95: Channel Types
14 Forward link Channels
15 Forward link Channels Pilot Channel (Wo) Paging Channel (W1-W7) Synch Channel (W32) Traffic Channel ( total:55) (W8-W31& W33-W63)
16 IS-95: Forward link I
17 Pilot Channel (Wo)
18 Paging Channel (W1-W7)
19 Synch Channel (W32)
20 Traffic Channel ( total:55) (W8-W31& W33-W63)
21 IS-95: Reverse link Access Channels Traffic Channels
22 IS-95: Reverse link
23 IS-95: Reverse link
24 Reverse link: Access Channel
25 Reverse link: Traffic Channel
26 IS-95: Call Processing
27 IS-95: Forward link I
28
29
30 To be continued..
31 2.5 Technology
32 CDMA x CDMA EVDO CDMA EVDV Services roadmap Improved performance, decreasing cost of delivery Typical average bit rates (peak rates higher) A number of mobile services are bearer independent in nature Voice & SMS GSM 9.6 kbps 3G-specific services take advantage of higher bandwidth and/or real-time QoS MMS picture / video xhtml browsing Application downloading Presence/location Push-to-talk GPRS 171 kbps Multitasking WEB browsing Corporate data access Streaming audio/video EGPRS 473 kbps Video sharing Video telephony Real-time IP multimedia and games Multicasting WCDMA 2 Mbps Broadband in wide area HSDPA 1-10 Mbps 32
33 GSM Evolution to 3G High Speed Circuit Switched Data Dedicate up to 4 timeslots for data connection ~ 50 kbps Good for real-time applications c.w. GPRS Inefficient -> ties up resources, even when nothing sent Not as popular as GPRS (many skipping HSCSD) GSM 9.6kbps (one timeslot) GSM Data Also called CSD GSM HSCSD GPRS General Packet Radio Services Data rates up to ~ 115 kbps Max: 8 timeslots used as any one time Packet switched; resources not tied up all the time Contention based. Efficient, but variable delays GSM / GPRS core network re-used by WCDMA (3G) Enhanced Data Rates for Global Evolution Uses 8PSK modulation 3x improvement in data rate on short distances Can fall back to GMSK for greater distances Combine with GPRS (EGPRS) ~ 384 kbps Can also be combined with HSCSD EDGE WCDMA
34
35 2.5 Generation: Features Features Includes: Phone Calls Send/Receive Messages Web Browsing Speed : kbps Camera Phones Take a time of 6-9 mins. to download a 3 mins. Mp3 song
36 IMPACT ON EXISTING NETWORK Wireless Data Tech Channel BW Duplex Infrastructure Change Requires New Spectrum Requires New Handsets HSCSD 200KHz FDD Requires Software Upgrade at base station No Yes, New HSCSD handsets provide 57.6Kbps on HSCSD n/w and 9.6 Kbps on GSM n/w with dual mode phones. GSM only phones will not work in HSCSD N/w. GPRS 200KHz FDD Requires new packet overlay including routers and gateways No Yes, New GPRS handsets work on GPRS n/w at 171.2Kbps, 9.6 Kbps on GSM n/w with dual mode phones. GSM only phones will not work in GPRS n/w. EDGE 200KHz FDD Requires new transceivers at base station. Also, software upgrade to the BSC & BTS No Yes, New handsets work on EDGE n/w at 384Kbps, GPRS n/w at 144Kbps, and GSM n/w at 9.6 Kbps with tri-mode phones. GSM and GPRS-only phones will not work in EDGE n/w. W-CDMA 5MHz FDD Requires completely new base stations Yes Yes, New W-CDMA handsets will work on W-CDMA at 2Mbps, EDGE n/w at 384 Kbps, GPRS n/w at 144 Kbps. GSM 36 n/w at 9.9 Kbps. Older handsets will not work in W-CDMA.
37 General Packet Radio Service Modulation GMSK Symbol Rate 270 ksym/s Modulation bit rate 270 kbps Radio data rate per time slot 22.8kbps User data rate per time slot 20kbps (CS4) User data rate (8 time slots) 160kbps, 182.4kbps Applications are required to provide their own error correction scheme as part of carried data payload. 37
38 General Packet Radio Service Packet based Data Network Well suited for non-real time internet usage including retrieval of , faxes and asymmetric web browsing. Supports multi user network sharing of individual radio channels and time slots. Provides packet network on dedicated GSM radio channels 38
39 General Packet Radio Service Throughput depends on coding scheme, From ~ 9 kbps min to max. of kbps (in theory!)
40 EDGE- Enhanced Data Rates for Global Evolution EDGE is add-on to GPRS Uses 8-PSK modulation in good conditions Increases throughput by 3x (8-PSK 3 bits/symbol vs GMSK 1 bit/symbol) Offer data rates of 384kbps, theoretically up to 473.6kbps. 40
41 EDGE- Enhanced Data Rates for Global Evolution Uses 9 Modulation coding schemes (MCS1-9) MCS(1-4) uses GMSK, while MCS(5-9) uses 8PSK modulation Modulation Bit rate 810kbps
42 Coding Schemes for EGPRS 42
43 EDGE- Enhanced Data Rates for Global Evolution Radio data rate per time slot 69.2kbps User data rate per time slot 59.2kbps (MCS9) User data rate (8 time slots) 473.6kbps
44 EDGE- Enhanced Data Rates for Global Evolution New handsets / terminal equipment; additional hardware in the BTS, Core network and the rest remains the same EDGE access develops to connect to 3G core
45 IS-95 B IS-95B is the evolved version of IS-95A and is designated as 2.5G. IS-95B maintains the Physical Layer of IS-95A, but due to an enhanced MAC layer, is capable of providing for higher speed data services.
46 The key aspects of the standard: Theoretical data rates of upto 115 kbps, with generally experienced rates of 64 kbps Additional Walsh codes and PN sequence masks, which enable a mobile user to be assigned up to eight forward or reverse code channels simultaneously, thus enabling a higher data rate
47 3G Standard 3G Standard is created by ITU and is called as IMT-2000.
48 IMT-2000 International Mobile telecommunication ( IMT-2000) is the global standard for Third generation (3G) wireless communications defined by set of interdependent ITU recommendations. ( ITU- International Telecommunication Union).
49 IMT-2000 The aim of IMT-2000 is to harmonize worldwide 3G systems to provide Global Roaming.
50 IMT-2000 IMT-2000 is working towards bringing all the different technologies, all vendors, and all standard making bodies to a common program.
51 Vision of IMT )Common initial spectrum worldwide( GHZ) 2)Multiple Radio Environment ( Cellular, Cordless, Satellite, LANs) 3)Wide Range of Telecommunications Services(Voice, Data, Multimedia, Internet)
52 Vision of IMT ) Global seamless Roaming and service delivery across IMT-2000 family networks. 5) Support of VHE( Virtual Home Environment) and UTP(Universal personal Telecommunications) 6) Integration of Satellite and terrestrial systems to provide Global Coverage.
53 Vision of IMT ) Flexible Radio bearers for increased spectrum efficiency. 9) Data rates upto 2Mbps (Phase-1) for indoor Environments. 10 ) Maximum use of intelligent Networks(IN) capabilities ( for service provision and transport)
54 Performance evolution of cellular technologies 54
55 3G wireless Systems Voice Quality comparable to that of the existing public telephone network. Data rates of 144 kbps for moving vehicles ( cars), 384 kbps for as user walks ( pedestrians ), and 2 Mbps for stationary user.
56 3G wireless Systems A band of 2 GHz. Bandwidth of 2 MHz. Interface to internet.
57 3G Advantages A person can download and watch movie, Can download and listen music. Can surf internet, down load and play games. Can conduct interactive web sessions Video conferencing.
58 The key aspects of the standard:
59
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