Index. Cambridge University Press Computational Photonics: An Introduction with MATLAB Marek S. Wartak. Index.

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Index. Cambridge University Press Computational Photonics: An Introduction with MATLAB Marek S. Wartak. Index."

Transcription

1 448 absorption coefficient, 181 in a two-level system, 168, 169 infrared, 109 of power in photodetectors, 242 spectrum, 243 ultraviolet, 109 acceptance angle, see critical angle active region, 173, 176 in a VCSEL, 173 air mass, 369 amplifier gain, 206 amplifier, erbium-doped fibre (EDFA), typical characteristics, 213, 215 amplifier, semiconductor (SOA) Fabry-Perot (FPA), 223 travelling-wave (TWA), 223, 227 antireflection (AR) coating, 50 1, 205 half-wave layer, 53 quarter-wave layer, 53 array waveguide grating (AWG), 318 asymmetry parameter, 67 attenuation, see loss band gap, 243 in solar cells, 376 bandwidth 3-dB, 207 of a photodetector, 247 of an NRZ signal, 144 of an optical amplifier, 207 of an RZ signal, 143 of gain, 206, 224 Bessel functions modified, 113, 114, 129, 132, 133 ordinary, 113, 129, 131, 132 bit error rate (BER), 240, 252 7, 259, 336 bit-pattern independency, 242 bit-rate transparency, 241 boundary conditions absorbing (ABC) in 1D, absorbing (ABC) in 2D, for a magnetic field, 37 8 for an electric field, 36 7 Mur s first order, Bragg mirror, 53, 54, 62 reflectivity spectrum, 57, 62 Brewster s angle, C-band, see transmission bands carrier generation rate, 182 leakage rate, 183 lifetime, 184 recombination rate, 183 chirping, cloaking, coefficient of finesse, 29 coordinate transformation, 398 Courant-Friedrichs-Levy (CFL) stability condition, 270 Crank-Nicolson scheme, 301, 302 critical angle, 18, 30, 64, 106 cross-gain modulation (XGM), cross-phase modulation (XPM), 233, 235 current bias, 144 dark, 246 forward diode, 372 injection, 143 leakage, 182 photocurrent, 242, 245, 371, 374 reverse saturation, 374 short-circuit, 369 threshold, 143 current density, 35 cutoff wavelength in optical fibres, 122 3, 128 in photodiodes, 245 Debye medium, 280 depletion region, 370 detection coherent, 240 incoherent (direct), 240 diffraction, 396 dispersion equation of the waveguide, 66 group velocity (GVD), 106, 124 in free space, 24 material, 124 8, 136, 280

2 449 modal, 124 multipath, 108 numerical, 269, 270, 283 of a 1D wave, 21 of a Debye medium, 280 of a Lorentz medium, 280 of a pulse in optical fibre, waveguide, distributed Bragg reflector (DBR), 173, 174 Drude relation, 389 dynamic range, 241 E-band, see transmission bands effective index method, effective medium, 391, 394 effective thickness of a slab waveguide, 77 EH modes, 116, 117, 119 electric boundary conditions, field intensity, 35 flux, 35 electron, see carrier emission amplified spontaneous (ASE), 215, 248, 255 spontaneous, 168, 169, 208 stimulated, 168, 169 equivalent circuit, 193 for bulk laser, for PIN photodetector, 245, 250 for solar cell, 373 6, 380 error function, 231 Euler differentiation method, Euler s rule (integration method), 436 Euler-Cromer differentiation method, 431 evanescent waves, 396 excited state, 168 external modulator, 6, 193 eye diagram, 337 Fabry-Perot (FP) interferometer, resonance conditions, 171 resonant modes, 171, 172 resonator, 170 Faraday rotator, 323 Fast Fourier transform (FFT), Fermi golden rule, 180 Fermi level, 176 fibre Bragg grating, 318 filter function, 258 finite difference method, backward differences, 426 central differences, 426 forward differences, 426 finite-difference (FD) approximation, focal length, 19, 20 plane, 19, 20 point, 19 four-wave mixing (FWM), 233, 352 Fourier series, change of interval, of a square wave, Fourier transform, of a chirped Gaussian pulse, 142 of a Gaussian pulse, 141 of a rectangular pulse, 139, 140, 158 of an electric field, 146 Fresnel coefficients and phases for TE polarization, 44 7 coefficients and phases for TM polarization, 47 8 reflection, 45, 47 Fresnel approximation, 290 gain approximate formula, 206 differential, 178 in an EDFA, 213 in semiconductors, peak, 178, 180 ripple, 227, 237 saturation, 190, 207, 216, 234 spectrum of semiconductor laser, 172 Gaussian probability density function (pdf), 255 generation of carriers in laser didoes, 183 in PIN photodiodes, 244 in solar cells, 371 geometrical optics, Goos-Hänchen (G-H) shift, 58 9, 397 graded index, 20, 107 grid, see mesh GRIN system, 20 1 group delay, 124 5, 148 velocity, 32 guides modes in optical fibres, 114 in slab waveguides, 65 6 HE modes, 116, 117, 119 Helmholtz equation, 288, 289, 292, 299 hole, see carrier hybrid modes, 116, 119 impedance, 41 interference in dielectric films, 26 7 intersymbol (ISI), 255 multiple, 27 9 invisibility cloak, see cloaking

3 450 L-band, see transmission bands large-signal analysis (in laser diodes), 192 laser diode distributed feedback laser (DFB), 173, 174 in-plane laser, 172 vertical cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL), 172, 173 leap-frog differentiation method, 431 left-handed materials (LHM), see negative index materials (NIM) lens perfect, 396 thin, 19 linear system, 338 linewidth enhancement factor (Henry factor), 228 Lorentz medium, 280 loss extrinsic, 110 in optical fibres, 108, 129 intrinsic, LP modes, Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI), 235 magic time step, 270 magnetic boundary conditions, 37 8 field intensity, 35 flux, 35 Maxwell s equations, 262 differential form, 35 in cylindrical coordinates, integral form, 36 source-free, 69, 388 mesh 1D generation algorithm, 102 staggered grid, 266 Yeegridin1D,266, 267 Yeegridin2D,276 mid-point differentiation method, 431 mode number azimuthal, 116 radial, 116 modulation format non-return-to-zero (NRZ), return-to-zero (RZ), modulation of semiconductor lasers, 143, 144 modulation response function, 188, Muller s method, 100, negative index materials (NIM), 385, 386 Newton s method, noise Gaussian, in optical amplifiers, in photodetectors, shot, 249 thermal (Johnson), nonlinear Schrödinger equation, normalized guide index, 67, 94 Numerical aperture (NA), 65, O-band, see transmission bands optical black holes, optical cavity, 168 Fabry-Perot, 170 optical communication system, optical coupler, optical fibre bit-rate, 108 extrinsic loss, 110 intrinsic loss, modes, single-mode, optical isolator, optical splitter, p-n junction double heterostructure, homogeneous (homojunction), multijunction, paraxial approximation, permeability, 35 negative, 386, permittivity, 35 negative, 387, , 395 plasmon-like, 386 photocurrent, 245 in photodiodes, 242 in solar cells, 370, 371, 374 photodiode avalanche (APD), 242, 248, 258 metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM), 246 PIN, 242, 244 power, 252 sensitivity, 241, 257 photon density, 183 lifetime, 183, 184, 187 Planck s radiation law, 169 plane wave, 40 1 plasma, 390 frequency, 390, 391 Poisson distribution, 249, 252, 253 polarization circular, 42 3 elliptical, 42 3 linear, 42 transverse electric (TE), 44 transverse electric (TM), 47 polarization of dielectric medium, 148 population inversion, 167, 204, 208 power budget, Poynting vector, 59 60

4 451 propagation constant, 41, 42 in slab waveguides, 66, 95 pulse broadening, 12, 151 in optical fibres, 106 pulse half-width, 142 pulse type chirped Gaussian, 141 2, 159 Gaussian, , 159, 163, 164, rectangular, 138 9, 157, 340 2, 344 Super-Gaussian, 140 1, 159, 162 pulse wave, see waveform pumping, 167, 168 quantum efficiency, 247 quantum well, 173, 232 quasi-fermi level, 175, 176 rate equations in EDFA, 211 rate equations in laser diodes for an electric field, for carriers, for photons, 183 parameters, 184 ray optics, 17 in metamaterials, 389 in slab waveguides, 64 9 Rayleigh scattering, 110 receiver, 331, 343 recombination of carriers, 183 reflection at a plane interface, 17, 18 coefficient, 17, 45, 46, 48 external, 48, 49 internal, 48 of TE polarized waves, 44 7, 61 of TM polarized waves, 48, 61 total internal, see critical angle refractive index, 17 in GRIN structures, 20 negative, 384 numerical values for popular materials, 18 relative difference, 65 relaxation-oscillation frequency, 189 Resonant cavity, see optical cavity rise time, 144 rise time budget, Runge-Kutta method fourth order, 433 second order, 432 S-band, see transmission bands Sellmeier equation, 31, 125 6, 135 signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), 208, 248, 336 Simpson s rule (integration method), slowly varying envelope approximation (SVEA), 150, small-signal analysis (in laser diodes) with linear gain, with non-linear gain, Snell s law, 18 soliton interactions, 363 period, 362 spectral intensity of solar energy, 368, 369 responsivity, 247 split-ring resonator (SRR), split-step Fourier method, steady-state analysis in a laser diode, 187 in an EDFA, step index, 107 Stokes relations, 24 6 susceptibility, 186 TE modes in optical fibres, in slab waveguides, 71 2 three-level system, 210 threshold carrier density, 178, 182 current, 143 time constant in photodetectors, 246, 247 time division multiplexing (TDM), 11 time-harmonic field, TM modes in optical fibres, in slab waveguides, 71 2 train of pulses, see waveform transatlantic telecommunications cable (TAT), 6 transfer function, 339 transfer matrix approach for antireflection (AR) coatings, 51 3 for Bragg mirrors, 54 7 for slab waveguides, transitions in a two-level system, in semiconductors, transmission bands, 10 transmittance of Fabry-Perot interferometer, 29, 33 transmitter, 331, 342 transparency density, 178 transparent boundary conditions, transverse resonance condition, 66 7 normalized form, 67 9 trapezoidal rule (integration method), 437 two-level system (TLS), 167, 169 U-band, see transmission bands velocity group, 23 4, 124, 126 phase, 21 3, 32 Verlet differentiation method, 432

5 452 wave equation, 38 9 for TE modes, 72 for TM modes, 72 in cylindrical coordinates, 112 in metamaterials, 388 waveform, 145, 160 waveguide 2D, asymmetric slab (planar), 75 9, 95 cylindrical (optical fibre), lossy, 86 symmetric slab (planar), 72 5 wavevector, see propagation constant weakly guiding approximation (wga), wire medium, 395 Y-junction, 14, 325, 327 Yee algorithm lossless in 1D, 266 8, 282 lossless in 2D, 275 7, 285 lossy in 1D, 271 2

CONTENTS. Chapter 1 Wave Nature of Light 19

CONTENTS. Chapter 1 Wave Nature of Light 19 CONTENTS Chapter 1 Wave Nature of Light 19 1.1 Light Waves in a Homogeneous Medium 19 A. Plane Electromagnetic Wave 19 B. Maxwell's Wave Equation and Diverging Waves 22 Example 1.1.1 A diverging laser

More information

Optical Fibers p. 1 Basic Concepts p. 1 Step-Index Fibers p. 2 Graded-Index Fibers p. 4 Design and Fabrication p. 6 Silica Fibers p.

Optical Fibers p. 1 Basic Concepts p. 1 Step-Index Fibers p. 2 Graded-Index Fibers p. 4 Design and Fabrication p. 6 Silica Fibers p. Preface p. xiii Optical Fibers p. 1 Basic Concepts p. 1 Step-Index Fibers p. 2 Graded-Index Fibers p. 4 Design and Fabrication p. 6 Silica Fibers p. 6 Plastic Optical Fibers p. 9 Microstructure Optical

More information

Elements of Optical Networking

Elements of Optical Networking Bruckner Elements of Optical Networking Basics and practice of optical data communication With 217 Figures, 13 Tables and 93 Exercises Translated by Patricia Joliet VIEWEG+ TEUBNER VII Content Preface

More information

Fiber-Optic Communication Systems

Fiber-Optic Communication Systems Fiber-Optic Communication Systems Second Edition GOVIND P. AGRAWAL The Institute of Optics University of Rochester Rochester, NY A WILEY-iNTERSCIENCE PUBLICATION JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC. NEW YORK / CHICHESTER

More information

Lecture 6 Fiber Optical Communication Lecture 6, Slide 1

Lecture 6 Fiber Optical Communication Lecture 6, Slide 1 Lecture 6 Optical transmitters Photon processes in light matter interaction Lasers Lasing conditions The rate equations CW operation Modulation response Noise Light emitting diodes (LED) Power Modulation

More information

Principles of Optics for Engineers

Principles of Optics for Engineers Principles of Optics for Engineers Uniting historically different approaches by presenting optical analyses as solutions of Maxwell s equations, this unique book enables students and practicing engineers

More information

Semiconductor Optical Communication Components and Devices Lecture 18: Introduction to Diode Lasers - I

Semiconductor Optical Communication Components and Devices Lecture 18: Introduction to Diode Lasers - I Semiconductor Optical Communication Components and Devices Lecture 18: Introduction to Diode Lasers - I Prof. Utpal Das Professor, Department of lectrical ngineering, Laser Technology Program, Indian Institute

More information

Optical Amplifiers Photonics and Integrated Optics (ELEC-E3240) Zhipei Sun Photonics Group Department of Micro- and Nanosciences Aalto University

Optical Amplifiers Photonics and Integrated Optics (ELEC-E3240) Zhipei Sun Photonics Group Department of Micro- and Nanosciences Aalto University Photonics Group Department of Micro- and Nanosciences Aalto University Optical Amplifiers Photonics and Integrated Optics (ELEC-E3240) Zhipei Sun Last Lecture Topics Course introduction Ray optics & optical

More information

Lecture 9 External Modulators and Detectors

Lecture 9 External Modulators and Detectors Optical Fibres and Telecommunications Lecture 9 External Modulators and Detectors Introduction Where are we? A look at some real laser diodes. External modulators Mach-Zender Electro-absorption modulators

More information

21. (i) Briefly explain the evolution of fiber optic system (ii) Compare the configuration of different types of fibers. or 22. (b)(i) Derive modal eq

21. (i) Briefly explain the evolution of fiber optic system (ii) Compare the configuration of different types of fibers. or 22. (b)(i) Derive modal eq Unit-1 Part-A FATIMA MICHAEL COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY Senkottai Village, Madurai Sivagangai Main Road, Madurai - 625 020. [An ISO 9001:2008 Certified Institution] DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND

More information

Microwave and optical systems Introduction p. 1 Characteristics of waves p. 1 The electromagnetic spectrum p. 3 History and uses of microwaves and

Microwave and optical systems Introduction p. 1 Characteristics of waves p. 1 The electromagnetic spectrum p. 3 History and uses of microwaves and Microwave and optical systems Introduction p. 1 Characteristics of waves p. 1 The electromagnetic spectrum p. 3 History and uses of microwaves and optics p. 4 Communication systems p. 6 Radar systems p.

More information

Index. Cambridge University Press Silicon Photonics Design Lukas Chrostowski and Michael Hochberg. Index.

Index. Cambridge University Press Silicon Photonics Design Lukas Chrostowski and Michael Hochberg. Index. absorption, 69 active tuning, 234 alignment, 394 396 apodization, 164 applications, 7 automated optical probe station, 389 397 avalanche detector, 268 back reflection, 164 band structures, 30 bandwidth

More information

Optodevice Data Book ODE I. Rev.9 Mar Opnext Japan, Inc.

Optodevice Data Book ODE I. Rev.9 Mar Opnext Japan, Inc. Optodevice Data Book ODE-408-001I Rev.9 Mar. 2003 Opnext Japan, Inc. Section 1 Operating Principles 1.1 Operating Principles of Laser Diodes (LDs) and Infrared Emitting Diodes (IREDs) 1.1.1 Emitting Principles

More information

LASER DIODE MODULATION AND NOISE

LASER DIODE MODULATION AND NOISE > 5' O ft I o Vi LASER DIODE MODULATION AND NOISE K. Petermann lnstitutfiir Hochfrequenztechnik, Technische Universitdt Berlin Kluwer Academic Publishers i Dordrecht / Boston / London KTK Scientific Publishers

More information

Introduction Fundamentals of laser Types of lasers Semiconductor lasers

Introduction Fundamentals of laser Types of lasers Semiconductor lasers ECE 5368 Introduction Fundamentals of laser Types of lasers Semiconductor lasers Introduction Fundamentals of laser Types of lasers Semiconductor lasers How many types of lasers? Many many depending on

More information

Basic concepts. Optical Sources (b) Optical Sources (a) Requirements for light sources (b) Requirements for light sources (a)

Basic concepts. Optical Sources (b) Optical Sources (a) Requirements for light sources (b) Requirements for light sources (a) Optical Sources (a) Optical Sources (b) The main light sources used with fibre optic systems are: Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) Semiconductor lasers (diode lasers) Fibre laser and other compact solid-state

More information

Absorption: in an OF, the loss of Optical power, resulting from conversion of that power into heat.

Absorption: in an OF, the loss of Optical power, resulting from conversion of that power into heat. Absorption: in an OF, the loss of Optical power, resulting from conversion of that power into heat. Scattering: The changes in direction of light confined within an OF, occurring due to imperfection in

More information

Review of Semiconductor Physics

Review of Semiconductor Physics Review of Semiconductor Physics k B 1.38 u 10 23 JK -1 a) Energy level diagrams showing the excitation of an electron from the valence band to the conduction band. The resultant free electron can freely

More information

EE119 Introduction to Optical Engineering Spring 2003 Final Exam. Name:

EE119 Introduction to Optical Engineering Spring 2003 Final Exam. Name: EE119 Introduction to Optical Engineering Spring 2003 Final Exam Name: SID: CLOSED BOOK. THREE 8 1/2 X 11 SHEETS OF NOTES, AND SCIENTIFIC POCKET CALCULATOR PERMITTED. TIME ALLOTTED: 180 MINUTES Fundamental

More information

OPTICAL COMMUNICATIONS S

OPTICAL COMMUNICATIONS S OPTICAL COMMUNICATIONS S-108.3110 1 Course program 1. Introduction and Optical Fibers 2. Nonlinear Effects in Optical Fibers 3. Fiber-Optic Components 4. Transmitters and Receivers 5. Fiber-Optic Measurements

More information

Examination Optoelectronic Communication Technology. April 11, Name: Student ID number: OCT1 1: OCT 2: OCT 3: OCT 4: Total: Grade:

Examination Optoelectronic Communication Technology. April 11, Name: Student ID number: OCT1 1: OCT 2: OCT 3: OCT 4: Total: Grade: Examination Optoelectronic Communication Technology April, 26 Name: Student ID number: OCT : OCT 2: OCT 3: OCT 4: Total: Grade: Declaration of Consent I hereby agree to have my exam results published on

More information

2 in the multipath dispersion of the optical fibre. (b) Discuss the merits and drawbacks of cut bouls method of measurement of alternation.

2 in the multipath dispersion of the optical fibre. (b) Discuss the merits and drawbacks of cut bouls method of measurement of alternation. B.TECH IV Year I Semester (R09) Regular Examinations, November 2012 1 (a) Derive an expression for multiple time difference tt 2 in the multipath dispersion of the optical fibre. (b) Discuss the merits

More information

Optical Amplifiers (Chapter 6)

Optical Amplifiers (Chapter 6) Optical Amplifiers (Chapter 6) General optical amplifier theory Semiconductor Optical Amplifier (SOA) Raman Amplifiers Erbium-doped Fiber Amplifiers (EDFA) Read Chapter 6, pp. 226-266 Loss & dispersion

More information

S Optical Networks Course Lecture 2: Essential Building Blocks

S Optical Networks Course Lecture 2: Essential Building Blocks S-72.3340 Optical Networks Course Lecture 2: Essential Building Blocks Edward Mutafungwa Communications Laboratory, Helsinki University of Technology, P. O. Box 2300, FIN-02015 TKK, Finland Tel: +358 9

More information

Figure 1. Schematic diagram of a Fabry-Perot laser.

Figure 1. Schematic diagram of a Fabry-Perot laser. Figure 1. Schematic diagram of a Fabry-Perot laser. Figure 1. Shows the structure of a typical edge-emitting laser. The dimensions of the active region are 200 m m in length, 2-10 m m lateral width and

More information

Introduction and concepts Types of devices

Introduction and concepts Types of devices ECE 6323 Introduction and concepts Types of devices Passive splitters, combiners, couplers Wavelength-based devices for DWDM Modulator/demodulator (amplitude and phase), compensator (dispersion) Others:

More information

Electromagnetics, Microwave Circuit and Antenna Design for Communications Engineering

Electromagnetics, Microwave Circuit and Antenna Design for Communications Engineering Electromagnetics, Microwave Circuit and Antenna Design for Communications Engineering Second Edition Peter Russer ARTECH HOUSE BOSTON LONDON artechhouse.com Contents Preface xvii Chapter 1 Introduction

More information

Optical Communication and Networks M.N. Bandyopadhyay

Optical Communication and Networks M.N. Bandyopadhyay Optical Communication and Networks M.N. Bandyopadhyay Director National Institute of Technology (NIT) Calicut Delhi-110092 2014 OPTICAL COMMUNICATION AND NETWORKS M.N. Bandyopadhyay 2014 by PHI Learning

More information

White Paper Laser Sources For Optical Transceivers. Giacomo Losio ProLabs Head of Technology

White Paper Laser Sources For Optical Transceivers. Giacomo Losio ProLabs Head of Technology White Paper Laser Sources For Optical Transceivers Giacomo Losio ProLabs Head of Technology September 2014 Laser Sources For Optical Transceivers Optical transceivers use different semiconductor laser

More information

Introduction Fundamental of optical amplifiers Types of optical amplifiers

Introduction Fundamental of optical amplifiers Types of optical amplifiers ECE 6323 Introduction Fundamental of optical amplifiers Types of optical amplifiers Erbium-doped fiber amplifiers Semiconductor optical amplifier Others: stimulated Raman, optical parametric Advanced application:

More information

Robert G. Hunsperger. Integrated Optics. Theory and Technology. Sixth Edition. 4ü Spri rineer g<

Robert G. Hunsperger. Integrated Optics. Theory and Technology. Sixth Edition. 4ü Spri rineer g< Robert G. Hunsperger Integrated Optics Theory and Technology Sixth Edition 4ü Spri rineer g< 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Advantages of Integrated Optics 2 1.1.1 Comparison of Optical Fibers with Other Interconnectors

More information

Contents. 3 Pulse Propagation in Dispersive Media Maxwell s Equations 1. 4 Propagation in Birefringent Media 132

Contents. 3 Pulse Propagation in Dispersive Media Maxwell s Equations 1. 4 Propagation in Birefringent Media 132 vi 2.13 Propagation in Negative-Index Media, 71 2.14 Problems, 74 3 Pulse Propagation in Dispersive Media 83 Contents Preface xii 1 Maxwell s Equations 1 1.1 Maxwell s Equations, 1 1.2 Lorentz Force, 2

More information

The Fiber-Optic Gyroscope

The Fiber-Optic Gyroscope The Fiber-Optic Gyroscope Second Edition Herve C. Lefevre ARTECH HOUSE BOSTON LONDON artechhouse.com Contents Preface to the First Edition Preface to the Second Edition xvii xix Introduction 1 References

More information

Optical Communications and Networking 朱祖勍. Sept. 25, 2017

Optical Communications and Networking 朱祖勍. Sept. 25, 2017 Optical Communications and Networking Sept. 25, 2017 Lecture 4: Signal Propagation in Fiber 1 Nonlinear Effects The assumption of linearity may not always be valid. Nonlinear effects are all related to

More information

Optics and Lasers. Matt Young. Including Fibers and Optical Waveguides

Optics and Lasers. Matt Young. Including Fibers and Optical Waveguides Matt Young Optics and Lasers Including Fibers and Optical Waveguides Fourth Revised Edition With 188 Figures Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York London Paris Tokyo Hong Kong Barcelona Budapest Contents

More information

OPTICAL GUIDED WAVES AND DEVICES

OPTICAL GUIDED WAVES AND DEVICES OPTICAL GUIDED WAVES AND DEVICES Richard Syms John Cozens Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine McGRAW-HILL BOOK COMPANY London New York

More information

Chapter 12: Optical Amplifiers: Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifiers (EDFAs)

Chapter 12: Optical Amplifiers: Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifiers (EDFAs) Chapter 12: Optical Amplifiers: Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifiers (EDFAs) Prof. Dr. Yaocheng SHI ( 时尧成 ) yaocheng@zju.edu.cn http://mypage.zju.edu.cn/yaocheng 1 Traditional Optical Communication System Loss

More information

Table of Contents. Abbrevation Glossary... xvii

Table of Contents. Abbrevation Glossary... xvii Table of Contents Preface... xiii Abbrevation Glossary... xvii Chapter 1 General Points... 1 1.1. Microwave photonic links... 1 1.2. Link description... 4 1.3. Signal to transmit... 5 1.3.1. Microwave

More information

Optoelectronics ELEC-E3210

Optoelectronics ELEC-E3210 Optoelectronics ELEC-E3210 Lecture 4 Spring 2016 Outline 1 Lateral confinement: index and gain guiding 2 Surface emitting lasers 3 DFB, DBR, and C3 lasers 4 Quantum well lasers 5 Mode locking P. Bhattacharya:

More information

Advanced Optical Communications Prof. R. K. Shevgaonkar Department of Electrical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay

Advanced Optical Communications Prof. R. K. Shevgaonkar Department of Electrical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay Advanced Optical Communications Prof. R. K. Shevgaonkar Department of Electrical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay Lecture No. # 27 EDFA In the last lecture, we talked about wavelength

More information

3. (a) Derive an expression for the Hull cut off condition for cylindrical magnetron oscillator. (b) Write short notes on 8 cavity magnetron [8+8]

3. (a) Derive an expression for the Hull cut off condition for cylindrical magnetron oscillator. (b) Write short notes on 8 cavity magnetron [8+8] Code No: RR320404 Set No. 1 1. (a) Compare Drift space bunching and Reflector bunching with the help of Applegate diagrams. (b) A reflex Klystron operates at the peak of n=1 or 3 / 4 mode. The dc power

More information

Lecture 4 Fiber Optical Communication Lecture 4, Slide 1

Lecture 4 Fiber Optical Communication Lecture 4, Slide 1 Lecture 4 Optical transmitters Photon processes in light matter interaction Lasers Lasing conditions The rate equations CW operation Modulation response Noise Light emitting diodes (LED) Power Modulation

More information

FIBER OPTICS. Prof. R.K. Shevgaonkar. Department of Electrical Engineering. Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay. Lecture: 18.

FIBER OPTICS. Prof. R.K. Shevgaonkar. Department of Electrical Engineering. Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay. Lecture: 18. FIBER OPTICS Prof. R.K. Shevgaonkar Department of Electrical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay Lecture: 18 Optical Sources- Introduction to LASER Diodes Fiber Optics, Prof. R.K. Shevgaonkar,

More information

Optical communications

Optical communications Optical communications Components and enabling technologies Optical networking Evolution of optical networking: road map SDH = Synchronous Digital Hierarchy SONET = Synchronous Optical Network SDH SONET

More information

Optical Amplifiers. Continued. Photonic Network By Dr. M H Zaidi

Optical Amplifiers. Continued. Photonic Network By Dr. M H Zaidi Optical Amplifiers Continued EDFA Multi Stage Designs 1st Active Stage Co-pumped 2nd Active Stage Counter-pumped Input Signal Er 3+ Doped Fiber Er 3+ Doped Fiber Output Signal Optical Isolator Optical

More information

Optical switches. Switching Technology S Optical switches

Optical switches. Switching Technology S Optical switches Optical switches Switching Technology S38.165 http://www.netlab.hut.fi/opetus/s38165 13-1 Optical switches Components and enabling technologies Contention resolution Optical switching schemes 13-2 1 Components

More information

Lecture 18: Photodetectors

Lecture 18: Photodetectors Lecture 18: Photodetectors Contents 1 Introduction 1 2 Photodetector principle 2 3 Photoconductor 4 4 Photodiodes 6 4.1 Heterojunction photodiode.................... 8 4.2 Metal-semiconductor photodiode................

More information

Ph 77 ADVANCED PHYSICS LABORATORY ATOMIC AND OPTICAL PHYSICS

Ph 77 ADVANCED PHYSICS LABORATORY ATOMIC AND OPTICAL PHYSICS Ph 77 ADVANCED PHYSICS LABORATORY ATOMIC AND OPTICAL PHYSICS Diode Laser Characteristics I. BACKGROUND Beginning in the mid 1960 s, before the development of semiconductor diode lasers, physicists mostly

More information

R.B.V.R.R. WOMEN S COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS) Narayanaguda, Hyderabad.

R.B.V.R.R. WOMEN S COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS) Narayanaguda, Hyderabad. R.B.V.R.R. WOMEN S COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS) Narayanaguda, Hyderabad. DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS QUESTION BANK FOR SEMESTER III PAPER III OPTICS UNIT I: 1. MATRIX METHODS IN PARAXIAL OPTICS 2. ABERATIONS UNIT II

More information

SHF Communication Technologies AG

SHF Communication Technologies AG SHF Communication Technologies AG Wilhelm-von-Siemens-Str. 23 Aufgang D 12277 Berlin Marienfelde Germany Phone ++49 30 / 772 05 10 Fax ++49 30 / 753 10 78 E-Mail: sales@shf.biz Web: http://www.shf.biz

More information

Modulation of light. Direct modulation of sources Electro-absorption (EA) modulators

Modulation of light. Direct modulation of sources Electro-absorption (EA) modulators Modulation of light Direct modulation of sources Electro-absorption (EA) modulators Why Modulation A communication link is established by transmission of information reliably Optical modulation is embedding

More information

Application Instruction 001. The Enhanced Functionalities of Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers and their Role in Advanced Optical Networking

Application Instruction 001. The Enhanced Functionalities of Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers and their Role in Advanced Optical Networking The Enhanced Functionalities of Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers and their Role in Advanced Optical Networking I. Introduction II. III. IV. SOA Fundamentals Wavelength Conversion based on SOAs The Role

More information

Photonics and Fiber Optics

Photonics and Fiber Optics 1 UNIT V Photonics and Fiber Optics Part-A 1. What is laser? LASER is the acronym for Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation. The absorption and emission of light by materials has been

More information

ECE 340 Lecture 29 : LEDs and Lasers Class Outline:

ECE 340 Lecture 29 : LEDs and Lasers Class Outline: ECE 340 Lecture 29 : LEDs and Lasers Class Outline: Light Emitting Diodes Lasers Semiconductor Lasers Things you should know when you leave Key Questions What is an LED and how does it work? How does a

More information

Optical Transmission Fundamentals

Optical Transmission Fundamentals Optical Transmission Fundamentals F. Vasey, CERN-EP-ESE Context Technology HEP Specifics 12 Nov 2018 0 Context: Bandwidth Demand Internet traffic is growing at ~Moore s law Global interconnection bandwidth

More information

Key Questions. What is an LED and how does it work? How does a laser work? How does a semiconductor laser work? ECE 340 Lecture 29 : LEDs and Lasers

Key Questions. What is an LED and how does it work? How does a laser work? How does a semiconductor laser work? ECE 340 Lecture 29 : LEDs and Lasers Things you should know when you leave Key Questions ECE 340 Lecture 29 : LEDs and Class Outline: What is an LED and how does it How does a laser How does a semiconductor laser How do light emitting diodes

More information

Lasers PH 645/ OSE 645/ EE 613 Summer 2010 Section 1: T/Th 2:45-4:45 PM Engineering Building 240

Lasers PH 645/ OSE 645/ EE 613 Summer 2010 Section 1: T/Th 2:45-4:45 PM Engineering Building 240 Lasers PH 645/ OSE 645/ EE 613 Summer 2010 Section 1: T/Th 2:45-4:45 PM Engineering Building 240 John D. Williams, Ph.D. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering 406 Optics Building - UAHuntsville,

More information

Chapter 1 Introduction

Chapter 1 Introduction Chapter 1 Introduction 1-1 Preface Telecommunication lasers have evolved substantially since the introduction of the early AlGaAs-based semiconductor lasers in the late 1970s suitable for transmitting

More information

CONTENTS. 2.2 Schrodinger's Wave Equation 31. PART I Semiconductor Material Properties. 2.3 Applications of Schrodinger's Wave Equation 34

CONTENTS. 2.2 Schrodinger's Wave Equation 31. PART I Semiconductor Material Properties. 2.3 Applications of Schrodinger's Wave Equation 34 CONTENTS Preface x Prologue Semiconductors and the Integrated Circuit xvii PART I Semiconductor Material Properties CHAPTER 1 The Crystal Structure of Solids 1 1.0 Preview 1 1.1 Semiconductor Materials

More information

Optical MEMS in Compound Semiconductors Advanced Engineering Materials, Cal Poly, SLO November 16, 2007

Optical MEMS in Compound Semiconductors Advanced Engineering Materials, Cal Poly, SLO November 16, 2007 Optical MEMS in Compound Semiconductors Advanced Engineering Materials, Cal Poly, SLO November 16, 2007 Outline Brief Motivation Optical Processes in Semiconductors Reflectors and Optical Cavities Diode

More information

Solid-State Laser Engineering

Solid-State Laser Engineering Walter Koechner Solid-State Laser Engineering Fourth Extensively Revised and Updated Edition With 449 Figures Springer Contents 1. Introduction 1 1.1 Optical Amplification 1 1.2 Interaction of Radiation

More information

UNIT-III SOURCES AND DETECTORS. According to the shape of the band gap as a function of the momentum, semiconductors are classified as

UNIT-III SOURCES AND DETECTORS. According to the shape of the band gap as a function of the momentum, semiconductors are classified as UNIT-III SOURCES AND DETECTORS DIRECT AND INDIRECT BAND GAP SEMICONDUCTORS: According to the shape of the band gap as a function of the momentum, semiconductors are classified as 1. Direct band gap semiconductors

More information

UNIT - 7 WDM CONCEPTS AND COMPONENTS

UNIT - 7 WDM CONCEPTS AND COMPONENTS UNIT - 7 WDM CONCEPTS AND COMPONENTS WDM concepts, overview of WDM operation principles, WDM standards, Mach-Zehender interferometer, multiplexer, Isolators and circulators, direct thin film filters, active

More information

Chapter 8. Wavelength-Division Multiplexing (WDM) Part II: Amplifiers

Chapter 8. Wavelength-Division Multiplexing (WDM) Part II: Amplifiers Chapter 8 Wavelength-Division Multiplexing (WDM) Part II: Amplifiers Introduction Traditionally, when setting up an optical link, one formulates a power budget and adds repeaters when the path loss exceeds

More information

Actuality and Future of Optical Systems

Actuality and Future of Optical Systems Actuality and Future of Optical Systems Nataša Živić Institute for Data Communications Systems University of Siegen Siegen, Germany E-mail: natasa.zivic@uni-siegen.de Abstract Today's high-capacity telecommunication

More information

CHAPTER 4 RESULTS. 4.1 Introduction

CHAPTER 4 RESULTS. 4.1 Introduction CHAPTER 4 RESULTS 4.1 Introduction In this chapter focus are given more on WDM system. The results which are obtained mainly from the simulation work are presented. In simulation analysis, the study will

More information

Laser Diode. Photonic Network By Dr. M H Zaidi

Laser Diode. Photonic Network By Dr. M H Zaidi Laser Diode Light emitters are a key element in any fiber optic system. This component converts the electrical signal into a corresponding light signal that can be injected into the fiber. The light emitter

More information

Simulation of a DBR Edge Emitting Laser with External Air Gap Tuning Mirror

Simulation of a DBR Edge Emitting Laser with External Air Gap Tuning Mirror Engineered Excellence A Journal for Process and Device Engineers Simulation of a DBR Edge Emitting Laser with External Air Gap Tuning Mirror Abstract A methodology for simulating an edge emitting laser

More information

EE119 Introduction to Optical Engineering Fall 2009 Final Exam. Name:

EE119 Introduction to Optical Engineering Fall 2009 Final Exam. Name: EE119 Introduction to Optical Engineering Fall 2009 Final Exam Name: SID: CLOSED BOOK. THREE 8 1/2 X 11 SHEETS OF NOTES, AND SCIENTIFIC POCKET CALCULATOR PERMITTED. TIME ALLOTTED: 180 MINUTES Fundamental

More information

1. Evolution Of Fiber Optic Systems

1. Evolution Of Fiber Optic Systems OPTICAL FIBER COMMUNICATION UNIT-I : OPTICAL FIBERS STRUCTURE: 1. Evolution Of Fiber Optic Systems The operating range of optical fiber system term and the characteristics of the four key components of

More information

Microwave Engineering

Microwave Engineering Microwave Circuits 1 Microwave Engineering 1. Microwave: 300MHz ~ 300 GHz, 1 m ~ 1mm. a. Not only apply in this frequency range. The real issue is wavelength. Historically, as early as WWII, this is the

More information

ELECTROMAGNETIC METAMATERIALS: TRANSMISSION LINE THEORY AND MICROWAVE APPLICATIONS

ELECTROMAGNETIC METAMATERIALS: TRANSMISSION LINE THEORY AND MICROWAVE APPLICATIONS ELECTROMAGNETIC METAMATERIALS: TRANSMISSION LINE THEORY AND MICROWAVE APPLICATIONS The Engineering Approach CHRISTOPHE CALOZ Ecole Polytechnique de Montreal TATSUO ITOH University of California at Los

More information

LW Technology. Passive Components. LW Technology (Passive Components).PPT - 1 Copyright 1999, Agilent Technologies

LW Technology. Passive Components. LW Technology (Passive Components).PPT - 1 Copyright 1999, Agilent Technologies LW Technology Passive Components LW Technology (Passive Components).PPT - 1 Patchcords Jumper cables to connect devices and instruments Adapter cables to connect interfaces using different connector styles

More information

ELSEVIER FIRST PROOFS

ELSEVIER FIRST PROOFS OPTICAL AMPLIFIERS / Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers 1 OPTICAL AMPLIFIERS A5 S5 P5 P1 Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers M J Connelly, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland q 24, Elsevier Ltd. All Rights

More information

ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES AND ANTENNAS

ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES AND ANTENNAS Syllabus ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES AND ANTENNAS - 83888 Last update 20-05-2015 HU Credits: 4 Degree/Cycle: 1st degree (Bachelor) Responsible Department: Applied Phyisics Academic year: 1 Semester: 2nd Semester

More information

Figure Responsivity (A/W) Figure E E-09.

Figure Responsivity (A/W) Figure E E-09. OSI Optoelectronics, is a leading manufacturer of fiber optic components for communication systems. The products offer range for Silicon, GaAs and InGaAs to full turnkey solutions. Photodiodes are semiconductor

More information

Semiconductor Optoelectronics Prof. M. R. Shenoy Department of Physics Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi

Semiconductor Optoelectronics Prof. M. R. Shenoy Department of Physics Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi Semiconductor Optoelectronics Prof. M. R. Shenoy Department of Physics Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi Lecture - 26 Semiconductor Optical Amplifier (SOA) (Refer Slide Time: 00:39) Welcome to this

More information

MAHALAKSHMI ENGINEERING COLLEGE TIRUCHIRAPALLI

MAHALAKSHMI ENGINEERING COLLEGE TIRUCHIRAPALLI MAHALAKSHMI ENGINEERING COLLEGE TIRUCHIRAPALLI - 621213 DEPARTMENT : ECE SUBJECT NAME : OPTICAL COMMUNICATION & NETWORKS SUBJECT CODE : EC 2402 UNIT III: SOURCES AND DETECTORS PART -A (2 Marks) 1. What

More information

Light Sources, Modulation, Transmitters and Receivers

Light Sources, Modulation, Transmitters and Receivers Optical Fibres and Telecommunications Light Sources, Modulation, Transmitters and Receivers Introduction Previous section looked at Fibres. How is light generated in the first place? How is light modulated?

More information

The Optics Revolution

The Optics Revolution The Optics Revolution 1960 The beginning of the 20 th century optics renaissance... 1998 Dawn of the optics revolution... Source: Han Le & Assoc Photonics Component Development Detector Source Circuit,

More information

VERTICAL CAVITY SURFACE EMITTING LASER

VERTICAL CAVITY SURFACE EMITTING LASER VERTICAL CAVITY SURFACE EMITTING LASER Nandhavel International University Bremen 1/14 Outline Laser action, optical cavity (Fabry Perot, DBR and DBF) What is VCSEL? How does VCSEL work? How is it different

More information

Application Instruction 002. Superluminescent Light Emitting Diodes: Device Fundamentals and Reliability

Application Instruction 002. Superluminescent Light Emitting Diodes: Device Fundamentals and Reliability I. Introduction II. III. IV. SLED Fundamentals SLED Temperature Performance SLED and Optical Feedback V. Operation Stability, Reliability and Life VI. Summary InPhenix, Inc., 25 N. Mines Road, Livermore,

More information

APPLIED ELECTROMAGNETICS: EARLY TRANSMISSION LINES APPROACH

APPLIED ELECTROMAGNETICS: EARLY TRANSMISSION LINES APPROACH APPLIED ELECTROMAGNETICS: EARLY TRANSMISSION LINES APPROACH STUART M. WENTWORTH Auburn University IICENTBN Nlfll 1807; WILEY 2 OO 7 ; Ttt^TlLtftiTTu CONTENTS CHAPTER1 Introduction 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5

More information

OPTI510R: Photonics. Khanh Kieu College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona Meinel building R.626

OPTI510R: Photonics. Khanh Kieu College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona Meinel building R.626 OPTI510R: Photonics Khanh Kieu College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona kkieu@optics.arizona.edu Meinel building R.626 Photodetectors Introduction Most important characteristics Photodetector

More information

Figure Figure E E-09. Dark Current (A) 1.

Figure Figure E E-09. Dark Current (A) 1. OSI Optoelectronics, is a leading manufacturer of fiber optic components for communication systems. The products offer range for Silicon, GaAs and InGaAs to full turnkey solutions. Photodiodes are semiconductor

More information

is a method of transmitting information from one place to another by sending light through an optical fiber. The light forms an electromagnetic

is a method of transmitting information from one place to another by sending light through an optical fiber. The light forms an electromagnetic is a method of transmitting information from one place to another by sending light through an optical fiber. The light forms an electromagnetic carrier wave that is modulated to carry information. The

More information

TC - Wire and Optical Transmission

TC - Wire and Optical Transmission Coordinating unit: Teaching unit: Academic year: Degree: ECTS credits: 2016 230 - ETSETB - Barcelona School of Telecommunications Engineering 739 - TSC - Department of Signal Theory and Communications

More information

Department of Electrical and Computer Systems Engineering

Department of Electrical and Computer Systems Engineering Department of Electrical and Computer Systems Engineering Technical Report MECSE-2-2005 MOCSS2004: Monash Optical Communication System Simulator for Optically Amplified DWDM Advanced Modulation Formats

More information

A continuous-wave Raman silicon laser

A continuous-wave Raman silicon laser A continuous-wave Raman silicon laser Haisheng Rong, Richard Jones,.. - Intel Corporation Ultrafast Terahertz nanoelectronics Lab Jae-seok Kim 1 Contents 1. Abstract 2. Background I. Raman scattering II.

More information

Semiconductor Lasers Semiconductors were originally pumped by lasers or e-beams First diode types developed in 1962: Create a pn junction in

Semiconductor Lasers Semiconductors were originally pumped by lasers or e-beams First diode types developed in 1962: Create a pn junction in Semiconductor Lasers Semiconductors were originally pumped by lasers or e-beams First diode types developed in 1962: Create a pn junction in semiconductor material Pumped now with high current density

More information

EXAMINATION FOR THE DEGREE OF B.E. and M.E. Semester

EXAMINATION FOR THE DEGREE OF B.E. and M.E. Semester EXAMINATION FOR THE DEGREE OF B.E. and M.E. Semester 2 2009 101908 OPTICAL COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING (Elec Eng 4041) 105302 SPECIAL STUDIES IN MARINE ENGINEERING (Elec Eng 7072) Official Reading Time:

More information

Contents for this Presentation. Multi-Service Transport

Contents for this Presentation. Multi-Service Transport Contents for this Presentation SDH/DWDM based Multi-Service Transport Platform by Khurram Shahzad ad Brief Contents Description for this of Presentation the Project Development of a Unified Transport Platform

More information

UNIT I INTRODUCTION TO OPTICAL FIBERS

UNIT I INTRODUCTION TO OPTICAL FIBERS UNIT I INTRODUCTION TO OPTICAL FIBERS 9 Evolution of fiber optic system Element of an Optical Fiber Transmission link Total internal reflection Acceptance angle Numerical aperture Skew rays Ray Optics

More information

Fiber Optic Communications Communication Systems

Fiber Optic Communications Communication Systems INTRODUCTION TO FIBER-OPTIC COMMUNICATIONS A fiber-optic system is similar to the copper wire system in many respects. The difference is that fiber-optics use light pulses to transmit information down

More information

EC Optical Communication And Networking TWO MARKS QUESTION AND ANSWERS UNIT -1 INTRODUCTION

EC Optical Communication And Networking TWO MARKS QUESTION AND ANSWERS UNIT -1 INTRODUCTION EC6702 - Optical Communication And Networking TWO MARKS QUESTION AND ANSWERS UNIT -1 INTRODUCTION Ray Theory Transmission 1. Write short notes on ray optics theory. Laws governing the nature of light are

More information

The absorption of the light may be intrinsic or extrinsic

The absorption of the light may be intrinsic or extrinsic Attenuation Fiber Attenuation Types 1- Material Absorption losses 2- Intrinsic Absorption 3- Extrinsic Absorption 4- Scattering losses (Linear and nonlinear) 5- Bending Losses (Micro & Macro) Material

More information

Safa O. Kasap Electrical Engineering Department, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, S7N 5A9, Canada

Safa O. Kasap Electrical Engineering Department, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, S7N 5A9, Canada 1 Optoelectronics Safa O. Kasap Electrical Engineering Department, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, S7N 5A9, Canada e-mail: kasap@engr.usask.ca Abstract It is useful to view today s optoelectronics

More information

Photodiode: LECTURE-5

Photodiode: LECTURE-5 LECTURE-5 Photodiode: Photodiode consists of an intrinsic semiconductor sandwiched between two heavily doped p-type and n-type semiconductors as shown in Fig. 3.2.2. Sufficient reverse voltage is applied

More information

visibility values: 1) V1=0.5 2) V2=0.9 3) V3=0.99 b) In the three cases considered, what are the values of FSR (Free Spectral Range) and

visibility values: 1) V1=0.5 2) V2=0.9 3) V3=0.99 b) In the three cases considered, what are the values of FSR (Free Spectral Range) and EXERCISES OF OPTICAL MEASUREMENTS BY ENRICO RANDONE AND CESARE SVELTO EXERCISE 1 A CW laser radiation (λ=2.1 µm) is delivered to a Fabry-Pérot interferometer made of 2 identical plane and parallel mirrors

More information

Fibre Optic Sensors: basic principles and most common applications

Fibre Optic Sensors: basic principles and most common applications SMR 1829-21 Winter College on Fibre Optics, Fibre Lasers and Sensors 12-23 February 2007 Fibre Optic Sensors: basic principles and most common applications (PART 2) Hypolito José Kalinowski Federal University

More information