ELECTRIC CURRENT VERY SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS
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1 ELECTRIC CURRENT VERY SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS 1. Give the equivalent of V A Ten identical wires, each having a resistance of one ohm, are joined in parallel. What is the equivalent resistance of this parallel combination? 3. In the previous question, what is the resistance of the block measured between the two opposing rectangular faces? 4. Name two substances whose resistivity decreases with the rise of temperature. 5. What is the SI unit of drift velocity? 6. If x ampere of current flows for y second in a conductor, how much charge in coulomb has passed through that conductor? 7. A silver wire is stretched to make it 1% longer. What is the effect on its (i) resistance (ii) specific resistance? 8. What is the effect of temperature on the relaxation time of free electrons in a metallic conductor? 9. How is specific resistance of a wire related to the diameter of the wire. 10. Name three materials whose resistance increases with the increase of temperature. 11. A wire is cut into half. What is the effect on its specific resistance? 12. Why resistances are connected in series in a circuit? 13. Why resistances are connected in parallel in a circuit? 14. Arrange the following materials in order, starting with the best conductor and ending with the best insulator. Mercury, nichrome, platinum, Copper, silver, tungsten, glass, iron, carbon, silicon, glass, hard rubber 15. How can you combine three resistances, each of 4 Ω, such that the total resistance of the circuit is 6 Ω? 16. Specific resistances of copper, constantan and silver are ohm cm, ohm cm and 10-6 ohm cm respectively. Which is the best conductor and why? 1
2 17. The sequence of colours on a resistor is red, orange and gold. What is the resistance? 18. Why copper wires are suitable as connecting wires in an electrical circuit? 19. A one meter long wire is bent at in the middle and the two halves are twisted together. What will be the effect on resistance? 20. What is represented by the slope of the I-V graph in Fig? The resistance of human body is very large. Then why does one experience a strong shock (sometimes even fatal )when one accidentally touches the live wire of, say, a 240 V supply? 23. The radius of a copper wire is doubled. What will be its new specific resistance? 24. The sequence of bands marked on a carbon resistor is red, red, red, silver. What is the resistance? Also give tolerance. 25. The sequence of bands marked on a carbon resistor is brown, black, brown and gold. What is the value of the resistance? 26. If a wire is stretched to double its original length without loss of mass, how will the resistivity of the wire be influenced? 27. Resistivities of copper, silver and manganin are Ω m, Ω m and Ω m respectively. Which of these is the best conductor? 28. What is the SI unit of resistivity? 29. A carbon resistor is marked in coloured bands in the sequence blue, green, orange and gold. What is the resistance and tolerance value of the resistor? 30. Will the drift speed of free electrons in a metallic conductor increase or decrease with the increase in temperature? 31. What is means by drift velocity of free electrons? 32. What is the significance of the direction of electric current? 2
3 33. A wire of resistivity ρ is stretched to three times its length. What will be its new resistivity? 34. Why is constantan or manganin used for making standard resistors? Give two reasons. 35. What is non-ohmic device? State one example of it. 36. A carbon resistor has three strips of red colour on its surface and a gold strip at one end of it. What is the value of this resistance? SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS 1. What is the dimensional formula of conductance? 2. A wire is carrying current. Is it charged? 3. Determine the dimensional formula of resistance. 4. What is the cause of resistance of a conductor? 5. When resistances are connected in parallel, the effective resistance is reduced. Why? 6. For making resistors having different values of resistance, carbon is generally mixed with certain materials. Name those materials. 7. Bends in a rubber pipe reduce the flow of water through it. How would the bends in a wire affect its electric resistance? 8. The current flowing in an iron wire is allowed to flow through another iron wire of half the radius. What will be the effect on the drift velocity? 9. A 8 Ω resistance wire is bent at the middle by Both the halves are twisted together. What is the new resistance? 10. When a metallic wire is connected across a battery, the current is initially larger but soon become steady at a lower value, although the emf remains the same. Why? 11. What should be the value of R in Fig for which the current in it is zero? 3
4 12. The sequence of bands marked on a carbon resistor are yellow, red, orange and silver. What is its (i) resistance and (ii) tolerance? 13. V I graphs for parallel and series combination of two metallic resistors are shown in Fig. Which graph represents parallel combination? Justify your answer Two wires of equal lengths, one of copper and the other of manganin, have the same resistance. Which wire is thicker? 16. Establish the dimensional formula for potential difference. 17. n identical resistors, each of resistance R, when connected in series have an effective resistance of X Ω. When these resistors are connected in parallel, their effective resistance is Y Ω What is the relation between R, X and Y? 18. You have three resistances, each of value R. How will you connect them for obtaining a total resistance of? 19. A wire of resistance 4R is bent in the form of a circle. What is the effective resistance between the ends of diameter? 20. What are the dimensions of electrical conductivity? 21. Write down a simple relationship to show the variation of resistance with temperature. Define temperature coefficient of resistance. 22. Define resistivity of a material. What are the factors on which it depends? 4
5 23. Two wires A and B are of the same metal and of the same length. Their areas of cross-section are in the ratio of 2 : 1. If the same potential difference is applied across each wire in turn, What will be the ratio of the currents flowing in A and B? 24. The current voltage graphs for a given metallic wire at two different temperatures T 1 and T 2 are shown in Fig. The temperature T 2 is greater than temperature T 1. State whether this statement is true or false, giving reasons in brief to support your answer. 25. Why the resistance of the conductor increases with rise in temperature? 26. A large number of free electrons are present in metals. Why is there no current in the absence of the electric field across it? 27. Name three materials used for making standard resistances. Give two reasons. 28. The potential difference across a given copper wire is increased. When happens to the drift velocity of the charge carriers? 29. If potential difference V applied across a conductor is increased to 2V, how will the drift velocity of electrons change? 30. A current flowing in a copper wire is passed through another copper wire of the same length but doubled the radius of the first one. How would the drift velocity of free electrons change? 31. Two wires of the same material having diameters in the ratio of 2 : 3 are connected in series with a battery. What is the ratio of the voltages across the two wires if their lengths are in the ratio 1 : 2? 32. What happens to the drift velocity of electrons and to the resistance, if length of conductor is doubled keeping potential difference unchanged? 33. A wire having resistance R is stretched so as to reduce its diameter to half of its previous value. What will be its new resistance? 5
6 34. Explain how does the resistivity of a conductor depend upon (i) number density n of free electrons, and (ii) relaxation time τ. 35. Draw V-I graph for ohmic and non-ohmic material. Give one example for each. 36. Define the term temperature coefficient of resistivity. Write its SI unit. Plot a graph showing the variation of resistivity of copper with temperature. 37. A wire of resistance 15 Ω is cut into three equal parts. The three equal parts are then joined in parallel. What is the resistance of the combination? 38. Sketch a graph showing variation of resistivity of carbon with temperature. 39. Write the mathematical relation between mobility and drift velocity of charge carriers in a conductor. Name the mobile charge carries responsible for conduction of electric current in (i) an electrolyte (ii) an ionized gas. 40. A wire of resistance 10 Ω is bent in the form of a circle. What is the effective resistance between the ends of a diameter of this circle? 41. Find the equivalent resistance of the network (Fig) between A and B, when (a) Key is open (b) Key is closed. 42. Fig shows cross-sections through three wires of equal length and of the same material. The figure also gives the length of each side in mm. Rank the wires according to their resistances (measured end to end along each wire s length), greatest first. 43. What is the momentum acquired by free electrons in a wire of length when current I flows in the wire? Given : m = mass of electron and e = charge on electron. 6
7 44. How the colour code of radial lead type resistor differs from the colour code of axial lead type resistor? 45. The resistance of two conductors in parallel is 7.5 Ω. Their resistance becomes 40 Ω when connected in series. Calculate the resistances of the individual conductors. 46. A potential difference V is applied across a conductor of length L and diameter D. How are the electric field E and the resistance R of conductor affected, When in turn (a) V is halved (b) L is halved and (c) D is doubled? 47. A student obtains resistances of 3,4,12 and 16 ohm using two metallic resistance wires, either separately or joined together. What is the value of the resistance of these wires? 48. The equivalent resistance between the points A and B of the circuit shown in Fig is..fill in the blank. CONCEPTUAL PROBLEMS 1. How does the resistivity of (i) conductor and (ii) a semiconductor vary with temperature? Give reasons for each use. 2. A 100 Ω resistor has 10% tolerance. What is the possible range of resistance? 3. A wire of resistivity ρ is stretched to double its length. What will be its new resistivity? 4. Name the carriers of electric current in the following : (i) A bar made of silver. (ii) A hydrogen discharge tube. (iii) A voltaic cell. (iv) A lead accumulator being charged by an external supply. (v) A germanium semiconductor. (vi) A wire made of the alloy nichrome. (vii) A superconductor. 5. There is an impression among many people that a person touching a high power line gets stuck with the line. Is that true? Explain. 6. Current of the order of 0.1 A through the human body are fatal. What causes the death : heating of the body due to electric current or something else? 7. The average drift speed of conduction electrons in copper wire is 1mm s -1. Compare this drift speed with the thermal speeds of copper atoms at ordinary temperatures. 7
8 8. Are the paths of electrons straight lines between successive collisions (with the positive ions of the metal) in the (i) absence of electric field? (ii) presence of electric field? LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS 1. Define the term resistivity and write its SI unit. Derive the expression for the resistivity of a conductor in terms of number density of free electrons and relaxation time. 2. Define drift velocity. Establish a relation between current and drift velocity. 3. State Ohm s law and derive it from the basic ideas of drift velocity of electrons. 4. Explain the colour code for carbon resistors with illustrations. 5. What do you understand by electric resistance of a conductor? Define its SI unit. Prove that the resistance of a conductor is given by the relation R=ml /ne 2 τa, where the symbols have their usual meanings. 6. Define resistance of a conductor and its cause. Explain the factors on which its value depend. How will the resistance of a wire of metal be affected if its temperature is changed? 7. Define the term current density of a metallic conductor. Deduce the relation connecting current density 8
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