Acoustic Horizontal Coherence and Beamwidth Variability Observed in ASIAEX (SCS)
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1 Acoustic Horizontal Coherence and Beamwidth Variability Observed in ASIAEX (SCS) Stephen N. Wolf, Bruce H Pasewark, Marshall H. Orr, Peter C. Mignerey US Naval Research Laboratory, Washington DC James F. Lynch and Theodore Schroeder Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA ONR ASIAEx Symposium Chengdu, China October 2002 Supported by the Office of Naval Research ONR NRL WHOI NPGS NTU NSYSU SWO ODS HOLE OCEANOGRAPHIC IN TITUTION 1930
2 Report Documentation Page Form Approved OMB No Public reporting burden for the collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington VA Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be subject to a penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently valid OMB control number. 1. REPORT DATE 18 OCT REPORT TYPE N/A 3. DATES COVERED - 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE Acoustic Horizontal Coherence and Beamwidth Variability Observed in ASIAEX (SCS) 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER 5b. GRANT NUMBER 5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER 6. AUTHOR(S) 5d. PROJECT NUMBER 5e. TASK NUMBER 5f. WORK UNIT NUMBER 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) US Naval Research Lab., Washington, DC and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NUMBER 9. SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 10. SPONSOR/MONITOR S ACRONYM(S) 12. DISTRIBUTION/AVAILABILITY STATEMENT Approved for public release, distribution unlimited 13. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES Also See: M001452, The original document contains color images. 14. ABSTRACT 15. SUBJECT TERMS 11. SPONSOR/MONITOR S REPORT NUMBER(S) 16. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF: 17. LIMITATION OF ABSTRACT UU a. REPORT unclassified b. ABSTRACT unclassified c. THIS PAGE unclassified 18. NUMBER OF PAGES 29 19a. NAME OF RESPONSIBLE PERSON Standard Form 298 (Rev. 8-98) Prescribed by ANSI Std Z39-18
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4 GOALS Relate Acoustic Coherence to Water Column Inhomogeneity and Anisotropy Contrast Coherence under Isotropic and Anisotropic Conditions
5 Coupling-induced Refraction Independent of array orientation Strongly dependent on IW orientation Large Incidence Angle: Coupling to mode with different phase speed sin φ 2 = sin φ 1 C 2 / C 1 δφ ~ (C 2 /C 1 ) - 1
6 Adiabatic Refraction near grazing incidence Small Incidence Angle: Refraction due to local change in modal phase speed cos(δφ/2) < C 1 / C 1 ; C > C
7 DEPTH (m) VLA/HLA Receiver SOURCES 300 Hz LFM 500 Hz LFM RANGE (km) LATITUDE (N) RECEIVER ARRAY LFM SOURCES km km Propagation Paths ASIAEx 01 ACOUSTIC ASSET LOCATIONS SITE BATHYMETRY 21.6 PRN SOURCES Bathymetry provided by R Wei, National Sun Yat-sen University LONGITUDE (E)
8 125.0 POWER SPECTRUM POWER (db re 1 mpa 2 /Hz) TIME (YearDay) Channel 48 Bottomed Hydrophone Water Depth = 125 m FREQUENCY (Hz)
9 28 VLA TEMPERATURE and TIDE TEMPERATURE (deg C) DEPTH (m) TIME (YearDay)
10 Array Element Localization 224 Hz Correlation HLA elements 1,2 03 May j 300 Hz km deg 500 Hz km deg Y Delay at Peak Value (s) Day t 300 i... 2 Allowed Peak Times t q Excluded Peak Times X 224 Hz km 0 deg Amplitude Lag Time
11 N Hz AEL [JD JD 126.0] 500 Hz AEL [JD JD 126.0] 300 Hz AEL [JD JD 126.5] 500 Hz AEL [JD JD 126.5] Localizations valid for periods of hours 250 to ~ 1 day 21 Y (m) NRL/NPS SOURCES (95 o ) 90 o Good (0.4 m typical) agreement at 300/500 Hz o 0 o WHOI/NPS SOURCES 5 Agreement with light bulb implosion localization 270 o X (m) Motion smallest early in recording period
12 300 Hz km deg Y 500 Hz km deg X 224 Hz km 0 deg
13 Numerical Testing Nearfield corrections not required ASG and resolution can be calculated using plane wave field Bearing bias due to phase speed mismatch Can use plane wave field calculation Planar shape removes grating lobe ambiguity
14 CONVENTIONAL LINEAR BEAMFORM TIME (YearDay) BEARING (deg) a) 300 Hz b) 500 Hz BEAM POWER (db re 1 mpa)
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16 TEMPERATURE (deg C) TEMPERATURE (deg C) a) TIDE b) c) RECEIVER VLA THERMISTORS 39.5 m 57.3 m 77.3 m 97.3 m m SOURCE THERMISTOR STRING m 56.6 m m TIME (Year Day) TEMPERATURE (deg C) RECEIVER [77.3 m] TS 307 (~source) [46.7 m] 2.5 h JD 126 TIME (hours)
17 CONVENTIONAL LINEAR BEAMFORM BEAM POWER (db re arb ref) TIME (YearDay) BEARING (deg)
18 TIME (YearDay) 1-h major divisions A B BEARING (deg)
19 Beamformer Coordinates 90 o Brg 048 o T N 19 o Source Brg 067 o T 0 o Receiver Internal Wave Deviation of 1 o Observed at 2300Z 5 May 2001 Requires ~10 m/s Phase Speed Decrease
20 JD profile 0 Mode Amplitudes at 300 Hz Depth (m) source mode 1 mode 2 mode 3 mode 4 mode 5 150
21 CTD cast 1010Z 05 May 01 Sound Speed (m/s) Phase Speed CTD 1010Z 05May Depth (m) Group Speed (m/s) Frequency (Hz) 125
22 Preliminary Interpretation Most of energy in NB beam broadening can be attributed to biases associated with multimode (multiple phase-speed) propagation and nonbroadside array Some data may indicate refraction during coupling work ongoing Issues complicating observations would disappear at array broadside
23 300 Hz km deg Y 500 Hz km deg X 224 Hz km 0 deg
24 Z 07 May 120 m vla 300 Hz 500 Hz 400 Hz T Z 07 May 200 m deg 0800 Z 07 May 350m & 400 Hz 224 Hz
25 Source t0275 Sensor at 120 m depth 350m Env mooring near 224 Hz source Receiver D778 Temperature Sensor 120m Env mooring nr vla Depth 60m Temp (C) Temp (C) Time (Z) Time (Z) 200 m Env T-string 307 C935 Temperature Sensor 200m Env mooring Depth 42 m Tstring 307 S11 Depth 78 m Near Eastern Acoustic Sources Temp (C) Temp (C) Time (Z) Time (Z)
26 HLA Channels 4 and Hz Moored Source Normal Separation 73 m HLA Channels 1 and Hz Moored Source Normal Separation 156 m 0 0 CCF Amplitude (db) CCF Amplitude (db) Yearday Yearday HLA Channels 4 and Hz Moored Source Normal Separation 73 m HLA Channels 1 and Hz Moored Source Normal Separation 156 m CCF Amplitude (db) Yearday CCF Amplitude (db) Yearday
27 SUMMARY Array element localizations and beam processing completed for 17 day data set Aperture-limited beamwidths, near-ideal array signal gain found much of the time Off-broadside narrowband beam broadening appears to be primarily due to multipath wave number differences Some events may be due to horizontal refraction Broadside-element cross-correlation suggests long coherence lengths with some fading due to internal waves
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29 Hz Hz 22 l 30 l 50l Hz TIME (YearDay) CHANNEL NUMBER CHANNEL NUMBER CHANNEL NUMBER CORRELATION
30 Mode 1 Phase Speed 05May01 Two contrasting profiles jd125.4 jd PhaseSpeed (m/s) Frequency (Hz) Phase Speed (m/s) Mode 2 Phase Speed 05May01 Two contrasting profiles Frequency (Hz) jd125.4 jd Phase Speed (m/s) Mode 4 Phase Speed 05May01 Two contrasting profiles Frequency (Hz) jd125.4 jd Mode 3 Phase Speed 05May01 Two contrasting profiles jd125.4 jd Mode 5 Phase Speed 05May01 Two contrasting profiles jd125.4 jd Phase Speed (m/s) Phase Speed (m/s) Frequency (Hz) Frequency (Hz)
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