Novel Protection Strategy for Current Interruptions in IGBT Current Source Inverters

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1 Noel Proecion Sraegy for Curren Inerrupions in IGBT Curren Source Inerers Markus Haberberger Chrisian-Albrechs-Uniersiy Kiel, Germany Frierich W. Fuchs Chrisian-Albrechs-Uniersiy Kiel, Germany Absrac A noel proecion sraegy agains c link oerolages in IGBT curren source inerers cause by curren inerrupions is presene. The propose concep consiss of wo seps - a fas passie olage clamp an aciely urne on freewheeling pahs across he c link erminals. To implemen his sraegy, an elecronic circui was eelope an successfully ese. The proecion circui is compleely inepenen from normal inerer operaion, has no effec on he CSI behaiour an can be realize a low cos. I. INTRODUCTION Power conerers of he curren source ype (CSI) are commercially use for many years. The inheren abiliy for regeneraie operaion wih only a oal of 12 reerse blocking power eices an he sinusoial inpu an oupu currens make CSIs ery ineresing especially in highpower applicaion, where symmerically blocking GTOs coul be use. CSIs using IGBT swiches are sill no wiely sprea, because up o now no marke amans as well as no reerse blocking IGBT wih an appropriae swiching characerisic exis. The require aiional series ioe o eery IGBT oubles he number of power semiconucors compare o GTO CSIs an makes IGBT CSIs unaracie compare o VSIs (olage source inerers), alhough a CSI has noable aanages (regeneraie operaion, much beer EMC). Besies he number of require power semiconucors, i has some oher rawbacks. One is he consrain, ha as long as he c link inucor carries curren, he conucance in he loop consising of four IGBTs an four ioes mus neer be los. Oherwise, e.g. if a ioe, swich, rier or moulaion faul occurs, he inucor back emf prouces a high oerolage. This acs on he semiconucor swiches an may esroy hem. In GTO CSIs such curren inerrupions are no a criical problem, because GTOs commonly use / snubbers an also show an inheren oerolage proecion mechanism. If heir breakown olage is exceee, hey auomaically fire again an sar conucing wih he normal forwar olage. In a CSI, he energy sore in he c link inucor will hen be issipae wihou exceeing he SOA (safe operaing area) of he GTO. This oes no apply for IGBTs. In he case of a curren inerrupion, he olage across he swich will rise o he breakown olage an remain a his leel causing excessie hea. Wihou proecie measures, he IGBT will be esroye wihin only a few microsecons. A chain reacion wih a complee brige esrucion may resul. To aoi his, a suiable proecion meho has o be foun. The fac of self-proecion in GTO CSIs an he less sprea of IGBT CSIs may be he reason, why only sparse informaions coul be foun in lieraure abou CSI oerolage proecion [1]. In his paper, afer giing a general oeriew of CSI operaion (II) an explaining he appearance of oerolages cause by curren inerrupions (III), he characerisics of conenional olage limiing eices are escribe an heir usabiliy for CSI proecion is iscusse (IV). To fully proec he semiconucor swiches agains c link oerolages, a noel sraegy is presene an an elecronic circui is eelope o implemen he new concep (V). The paper closes wih measuremen resuls, ha show he efficiency of he proecion harware (VI). II. Fig. 1 shows he basic circui of a hree phase IGBT curren source inerer consising of wo briges wih a oal of 12 reerse-blocking swiches (IGBT wih series ioe). Boh briges commonly operae in pwm moe using arious moulaion an conrol echniques epening on he require swiching frequency an ynamic response ime of he rie. L1 L2 L3 S1 S3 S5 S2 S4 S6 Line sie conerer OPERATION OF A CSI S6 S4 S2 S5 S3 Moor sie inerer Fig. 1. Basic circui of a CSI rie S1 3~ moor I is common for all moulaion schemes, ha always four swiches mus conuc o proie a coninuous pah for he c link curren. This may flow in he c link only (shore brige legs) or hrough lines an/or moor phases. Capaciors across he inpu an oupu erminals ensure, ha he currens in he mains or moor inucances can ecay, if he relae brige leg was aciely urne off an he curren has commuae o anoher leg. I shoul be menione bu no furher escribe here, ha he capaciors across he inpu an oupu erminals are only imensione o sore he energy of he mains or moor inucances uring normal CSI operaion, wha means, ha a coninuous pulsing of he CSI is assume. Oherwise, e.g.

2 afer he complee brige is urne off ("pulse off"), i is no ensure, ha he olages across he filer capaciors remain symmeric, which coul cause he olage across one or more capaciors an/or swiches o excee heir maximum raings. These faul siuaions are analyze in eails in [2]. In he presen paper, he focus is on curren inerrupions in he c link. Their impac on he mains an moor sie is no furher iscusse. rie working a a 4 V gri olage. The alues of he ineresing elemens are shown in able I. S 1,3,5 C filer S 2,4,6 L i,m = C L +C oes III. DC LINK CURRENT INTERRUPTIONS IN A CSI A. Characerisics of he c link curren pah in IGBT CSIs The c link of a CSI is highly inucie. Besies parasiic effecs (IGBT, ioe, inucor capaciance), here is no capaciie elemen in he c link, ha coul limi he olage slope in he case of a curren inerrupion. Especially here is no inheren freewheeling pah, as i coul be foun in a VSI. In IGBT CSIs here is also no olage limiing eice like in GTO CSIs. A GTO woul auomaically be urne on, if is breakown olage is exceee, whereas an IGBT remains a he breakown olage comparable o MOSFETs. As he IGBTs are no imensione o wihsan he high momenary power issipaion in he case of such an oerolage for more han some microsecons, whereas he c link curren nees a much longer ime o become zero, a proecion circui is require, ha proies a curren pah as long as he c link curren is greaer han zero. I mus also ensure a conucance high enough o limi he olage o a leel below he maximum raing of he swiches een a nominal c link curren. In he following i will firs be escribe wha happens, when one of he swiches, ha shoul be on, loses is conucance an inerrups he c link curren. This may be cause by a swich, rier, moulaion or power supply failure. B. Effec of a c link curren inerrupion Fig. 2 shows he equialen circui iagram of he c link. The olage source,m is an equialen for he mean alue of he olage applie o he c link by he moor sie inerer. S 1,3,5 shoul represen he swich currenly conucing in he op half brige of he line conerer, S 2,4,6 is he conucing swich of he boom half brige. C filer represens he filer capacior across he inpu erminals, whose olage is currenly swiche o he c link. During normal CSI operaion wih consan c link curren, he mean alues of he line an he moor sie c link olage are equal. C L sans for he parasiic capaciance of he c link inucor reference o he boom c link erminal. C oes is he sum of all applicable oupu capaciances of he swiches (IGBTs an ioes), also reference o he boom c link erminal. Fig. 2 also shows a SPICE simulaion plo of a c link curren inerrupion using ypical alues of a 22 kw CSI -85V -12V Fig. 2. Dc link olage slope afer inerruping he inucor curren TABLE I ELEMENT VALUES OF THE 22 KW EXAMPLE DRIVE C L C oes L I,nom V IGBT,max 5 nf 4 pf 3 mh 45 A 12 V The curren inerrupion occurs a ime 1 = 1 ns, when one of he conucing swiches fails or is uninenionally urne off. The moor sie c link olage a his poin of ime shoul be approx. 4 V. I can be seen in fig. 2, ha he line sie c link olage sars o fall from is iniial alue of 4 V wih a slope only limie by he parasiic capaciances accoring o equaion (1). Using he alues in able I as an example a slope of approx. 8.3 kv/µs resuls. 1 = i (1) C L + C oes The leels prine in fig. 2 a 12 V an 85 V shoul represen he IGBT breakown olage an he olage, from which on an oerolage coniion coul firs be eece. The laer is calculae accoring o (2) ou of he maximum recifie gri olage, gri olerances (1 %), he max. allowe commuaion oerolage co (e.g. 15 V; epens on he parasiic inucances in he commuaion pah an he IGBT swiching spee) an olerances in he oerolage eecion circui (e.g. 1 %). min 4ns ( 2 gri ( 1+ ol gri ) + co )( 1 ol e ec ) + (2) For he 22 kw es rie a minimum eecion olage of 85 V is calculae. I oes no make sense o se he eecion limi lower han calculae in (2), because all olage leels up o min

3 coul be reache uring normal CSI operaion an he proecion mus be inacie hen. I is now ineresing, how fas he proecion circui has o become acie o ensure a c link olage below he swich breakown olage. In fig. 2 a ime of abou 4 ns can be grafically exrace. I can also be easily calculae using he olage ifference beween he wo leels an he calculae slope using equaion (1). Wha is also require o eelop a proecion sraegy is he maximum momenary power an he oal amoun of energy o issipae. The momenary power can be calculae accoring o (3) ou of he maximum clamping olage (e.g. equal o he IGBT breakown olage) an he maximum c link curren. p = i (3) max clamp,max Using clamp = 12 V an i,max = i,nom = 45 A for he 22 kw CSI, a peak momenary power issipaion of 54 kw resuls. 1 2 e max = L i (4),max 2 The oal energy o issipae is equal o he c link inucor energy (4), which is 3 J for he es rie. Knowing hese alues allows an esimaion, if he use brige IGBTs are capable of issipaing his energy wihou being amage. Bu his consieraion is superfluous, because IGBTs are no rae for an operaion in he aalanche region, so uner all circumsances i has o be ensure by exernal circuiry, ha he breakown olage is neer exceee. IV. CONVENTIONAL OVERVOLTAGE PROTECTION STRATEGIES The greaes problem for proecion of an IGBT CSI is he ery shor ime aailable o reac on an oerolage coniion in he c link as shown in he preious chaper (fig. 2). There are currenly no obainable proecion eices, ha can be aciely urne on wihin his ime. In he following an oeriew of conenional currenly employe passie olage limiing eices/sraegies is presene an heir suiabiliy for CSI proecion is iscusse. A. Volage limiing iscrees (arisors / zener ioes) Varisors an zener ioes are commercially aailable wih arious breakown olages, are quie fas an show a high energy absorpion capabiliy in relaion o eice olume, which surely is one crieria for an appropriae eice for CSI proecion. Unforunaely arisors an zener ioes hae a quie fla /i-characerisic, which woul require he use of ery large eices. Only hen hey woul be able o reliably block below he minimum eecion olage (eq. 2) an a he same ime limi he oerolage a maximum c link curren below he IGBT breakown olage. B. Acie clamping Acie clamping [3] of he urne off swiches coul also proie he require response ime an compare o arisors, much seeper /i characerisics can be aaine. Howeer for acie clamping i is require o equip all 12 brige IGBTs wih clamping circuis an proecion also only works, if he swiches are all sill operaie. If a efecie IGBT is he cause of he oerolage, he proecion woul fail. Anoher rawback of clamping is he fac, ha an immeiae pulse off of he whole inerer, which makes sense in seeral oher failure siuaions [2], woul no be possible any longer. This is because uring clamping he curren will sill flow hrough he clampe swiches an may be isribue o he line an moor sie filer capaciors. This coul cause an unsymmeric charge, resuling in line/moor sie oerolages an/or oercurrens. Furhermore he high peak losses in he clampe IGBTs (oally 54 kw in he aboe example wih 12 V clamping olage) cause exreme sress on he eices, which hey ypically canno wihsan. The ransien hermal response of economically imensione IGBTs commonly allow clamping a his high power rae only for a maximum of some 1 µs. This ime woul neer be long enough o issipae he c link inucor energy. The calculae 3 J in he aboe example of he 22 kw rie woul require clamping a 12 V for abou 1.1 ms wih a mean alue for he power issipaion of 27 kw (half he peak power). The ransien hermal impeance of he use 75 A IGBT (BSM75GB12D) is publishe in he aashee for a 1 ms pulse wih a alue of.1 K/W. Accoring o equaion (5), a rise in juncion emperaure of abou 27 K resuls, which will ineiably esroy he IGBT. j h ( ) P = Z ( ) i T = Z (5) pulse h pulse clamp C. Breakoer ioes Breakoer ioes (BOD) are eices, ha operae in a non conucing off-sae, unil he breakoer olage is applie o is erminals. The BOD will hen sar conucing wih a raher low forwar olage, comparable o a parasiically fire hyrisor or GTO, an will remain in his on-sae unil he curren is reuce below he minimum holing curren of he BOD. The saic behaiour of breakoer ioes is ieal for CSI proecion, because he low forwar olage allows he inucor energy o be safely issipae wihou proucing such excessie hea as if he olage is clampe a a high leel. An if he inucor curren becomes zero, he BOD auomaically urns off again. The main isaanage, which preens breakoer ioes from being use for proecion in IGBT CSIs, is heir poor ynamic behaiour, especially he maximum rae of olage rise ha may be applie o he BOD. If his slope is exceee, he BOD coul accienally urn on een if he breakoer olage is no reache alreay.

4 Typical BODs allow olage slopes of abou 1 V/µs. They are well suie for hyrisor proecion, bu ue o he shor olage rise an fall imes in IGBT circuis (1 kv/µs or more), hey are no applicable for IGBT proecion. V. NOVEL PROTECTION STRATEGY FOR CSI DC LINK CURRENT INTERRUPTIONS The oeriew in he las secion shows, ha all currenly aailable limiing eices are no a perfec soluion for CSI proecion. For his reason a noel wo-sep sraegy was eelope ha proies boh, an appropriae response ime for olage limiaion an a safe issipaion of he inucor energy. To hanle c link curren inerrupions in a fas swiching IGBT CSI, a combinaion of passie an acie proecion mechanisms is propose. A. Basic wo-sep proecion concep The basic concep of he new proecion sraegy consiss of wo seps: 1) Fas an "har" olage limiaion As here are no eices aailable, ha coul be urne on wihin he require response ime an conuc he full c link curren, he CSI is equippe wih an ulra fas passie clamping circui, ha can issipae he momenary peak power for a leas he ime, a freewheeling pah nees o become acie (5 ns up o 2 µs). A he same ime, he clamping circui is able o limi he olage a full c link curren below he maximum raing of he IGBTs ("har" limiaion). For his limiaion, eices wih a seep /i characerisic are require. MOSFETs working in he aalanche breakown [3] are propose for his purpose. 2) Exra (aciely urne on) freewheeling pah across he c link erminals Immeiaely afer an oerolage siuaion is eece, he 6 swiches of he relae brige shoul be pulse off an an exra freewheeling pah across he c link erminals mus be opene. This is hel on, unil he inucor energy becomes zero. Compare o clamping of he c link olage a a high olage leel his reuces he momenary power issipaion a he expense of a longer ime o ge he inucor curren o zero. As he CSI has o be powere own anyway in such a faul siuaion, ime is no an imporan facor. L1 L2 L3 line-sie conerer oerolage limiaion oerolage limiaion oerolage limiaion Fig. 3. CSI wih oerolage proecion circui agains c link inerrupions (shown is only line sie) 1 Fig. 3 shows he CSI wih he propose eecion/proecion circuis for he line sie conerer. I applies o he moor sie inerer accoringly. B. Oerolage eecion an limiaion circui For eecion an limiaion of an oerolage, a chain ou of meium olage MOSFETs (1 V... 4 V) working in he aalanche breakown is propose (fig. 4). ZD Fig. 4. MOSFET chain for olage limiaion MOSFETs are bes suie for his applicaion because hey hae a much seeper breakown /i-characerisic compare o oher aailable olage limiing eices like zener ioes or arisors [3] [4]. As he hisorically known lach-up problems hae also been oercome wih moern MOSFETs, he maximum juncion emperaure woul be he only limiing crieria for he size of he applicable MOSFETs [5]. The rise in juncion emperaure can easily be calculae by equaion (5) using he single-pulse ynamic hermal response of he MOSFET (publishe in he aashee) an he power issipaion uring clamping. In he example of he 22 kw CSI rie, a chain of four IRF64 MOSFETs (2 V, TO22 case) was use wihou any cooling. The eices are able o conuc he nominal curren of 45 A a 25 V clamping olage for abou 1 µs, wha is long enough o urn he freewheeling pah on. The clamping chain coul be also use for oerolage eecion an riggering of he freewheeling IGBT rier. Therefore, in he eelope circui he clamping curren also flows hrough a low olage zener-ioe (ZD in fig. 4; e.g. 16 V) in series o he MOSFET chain. The proie olage rop can be use for irecly riing he sener ioe of an opocoupler, ha works as rigger elemen for he freewheeling IGBT rier. I shoul be noe ha ue o he high olage slope beween he sener an receier sie, care mus be aken when selecing an appropriae opocoupler. A coupler wih a common moe ransien immuniy of a leas 1 kv/µs mus be use in he consiere CSI. The resisor in parallel o ZD is require, because he zener ioe in series o he MOSFET chain is ynamically he boom elemen of a capaciie olage iier. The olage rop across ZD is eermine by he relaionship of he parasiic capaciances of MOSFETs an zener ioe, which coul uner cerain coniions (unfaourable raio of MOSFET an zener ioe capaciances) cause he zener olage o be reache, een if he olage applie o he

5 oal chain is well below he limiing leel. The capaciiely injece curren cause by he regular olage slope in he c link (e.g. uring commuaion eens), coul hereby be high enough o rigger he opocoupler. To aoi his, he ynamic (an saic) impeance of he zener ioe is reuce by a low ohmic parallel resisor (e.g. 1 Ohms), which absorbs almos he complee injece curren. C. Oerolage isribuion across he swiches As shown in fig. 3, he limiaion/eecion circui is require six imes in a CSI. The reason is, ha he olages across he op half brige, he boom half brige an he c link erminals mus be limie iniiually for he line an moor sie brige. This will be explaine on he basis of he hree possible inerrupion cases for he line sie conerer, which are he failure of - one swich in he op half brige (S 1, S 3 or S 5 ) - one swich in he boom half brige (S 2, S 4 or S 6 ) - one swich simulaneously in boh he op an he boom half brige. The swich an olage naming is illusrae in fig. 5. 3) Simulaneous inerrupion in boh half briges (moulaion faul, power supply failure, pulse off) In his case, he c link an he mains hae no common poenial any longer. The c link curren canno flow hrough any of he brige IGBTs an he c link olage rise is isribue across he op an boom half brige more or less symmerically. Fig. 6 shows a consruce ime plo of he inerrupion case 1). I shoul clarify he olage isribuion across c link, S1, S3, S5 an S4 for he example of a sill conucing swich S4 an swich S1 being (uninenionally) urne off a a cerain phase angle ( 12 = 566 V). The oerolage limier shoul be assume o be se o 1 V limiaion olage. I can be recognize ha in he shown faul case only limiing he c link olage below he IGBT breakown olage (here 1 V limiaion olage) is no sufficien, as he olage across S1, S3 or S5 coul be higher han -. In he consiere example, he raing of een wo IGBTs is exceee (S1 an S5). S4 L1 L2 L3 S1 S3 S5 S1 S S5 oerolage limier S1 S2 S2 S4 S4 S6 S V Fig. 5. Line sie power circui wih only a limier 1) Inerrupion in one of he conucing swiches of he op half brige (e.g. rier or IGBT failure) If he conucing swich of he op half brige loses conucance, he op c link erminal is isolae from he mains, whereas he boom c link erminal is sill connece o he poenial of one of he mains phases. The olages across he hree IGBTs of he op half brige coul now be calculae as sum ou of he c link olage an he momenary line-o-line olage beween he phase connece o he conucing swich of he boom half brige an he relae IGBT in he op half brige. Assuming S4 is sill on, he olages across S1, S3 an S5 coul be calculae accoring o equaions (6). S1 S3 S5 = 12 = = 32 Depening on he sign of he corresponing line-o-line olage, he olages across S1, S3 an S5 can be lower, equal or higher han he momenary c link olage. 2) Inerrupion in one of he conucing swiches of he boom half brige (e.g. rier or IGBT failure) Same as 1). Now he olages across S2, S4 an S6 can be higher, equal or lower han. (6) +1 V S3-566 V V S5-278 V +566 V -1 V limiaion olage leel Fig. 6. Mains, swich an c-link olages of he line sie power circui I is herefore ineiable o proec boh half briges iniiually from he c link agains oerolages accoring o fig. 3. The hir limiaion circui across he c link is no implicily require. In fac in case 3) he c link olage may ge wice as high as he limiing olage of he half briges, bu his iself is no a problem. As he olage across he

6 inucor coul alreay be wice he recifie line-o-line olage uring normal operaion, is isolaion raing shoul be high enough o also wihsan wice he limiing olage. An he brige IGBTs are proece by he limiaion circuis of he half briges. The limiaion of he c link olage is only necessary o proec he freewheeling IGBT. This coul be aoie by using a high olage IGBT, bu his seems o be ou of all proporion compare o he use of a hir MOSFET chain. D. Freewheeling pah For freewheeling i is propose o use eices (IGBT + series ioe) wih he same olage raing as he main swiches. The curren raing can be much less, because he pah is only conucing as long as he inucor curren ecays. The require ime epens on he olage rop across he freewheeling pah, he iniial c link curren an he inucance accoring o equaion (7). T L i fw,on = (7) rop In he example of he 22 kw CSI rie i akes abou 1 ms unil he inucor curren becomes zero (a olage rop of 12 V is assume cause by wo IGBTs an wo series ioes in he freewheeling pah). Because he c link olage immeiaely rops afer he freewheeling pah is on, he rigger signal of he rier has o be lache a leas unil he inucor energy is issipae. lach an rier for freewheeling IGBT o he gae of he freewheeling IGBT c/c conerer opocouplers mosfe chains for olage limiaion Fig. 8. Harware of he c link proecion boar In fig. 9 he measuremen resuls for a curren inerrupion escase are illusrae. For his he conerer brige was ranomly pulse off uring operaion a nominal curren of 45 A. This represens case 3) in secion V.C of his paper. - ZD mains an c link connecion 1 rese lach se rier i mos gae,igb Fig. 7. Driing he freewheeling IGBT Fig. 7 shows he signal pah saring a he opocouplers of he limiaion circuis. The rigger signals are connece in OR-logic o se a flipflop, which urns he rier on. The flipflop shoul be reseable only manually o improe faul immuniy. VI. EXPERIMENTAL VERIFICATION To erify he proecion circui, i was buil up in harware an ese on a 22 kw laboraory CSI. Fig. 8 shows a picure of he proecion boar for he line sie conerer. The conrol logic (lach) an he opocouplers are powere by he same c/c conerer, ha also supplies he rier of he freewheeling IGBT. This olage is buffere by a 22µF/16V low olage chemical capacior (boom lef in he picure), which proies enough energy o power he circui for more han 1 secon. This ensures, ha he freewheeling IGBT coul be hel on een if he power supply of he complee CSI fails (e.g. gri blackou). Ch1 3 A Ch2 5 V M 2 ns Ch3 2 V Ch4 2 V Fig. 9. Measuremen resul (oal brige pulse off) The 8.3 kv/µs rise of he c link olage is limie by he proecion circui a ime 1. The curren commuaes o he MOSFETs (i mos ) an he sener ioe of he opocoupler ges power (zener-ioe olage rop ZD ). Afer he propagaion elay of opocoupler an rier ( 2-1 ), a 2 he gae of he freewheeling IGBT is charge by he rier. A 3 he IGBT sars conucing an as he forwar olage across he freewheeling IGBT is posiie, he curren immeiaely commuaes from he MOSFETs o he IGBT. A 4 his commuaion has finishe an he MOSFET limiaion circui becomes inacie. I can be seen in fig. 9, ha he MOSFET chain has o conuc he c link curren for less han 5 ns, wha is well below he maximum clamping ime, he use IRF64 MOSFETs can wihsan. An esimaion accoring o [5] using aashees of some popular MOSFETs resule in een smaller 2 V eices in TO-251AA or TO-252AA (SMT) packages being applicable in he 22 kw es CSI.

7 The measuremen plos in fig. 1 show for he hree possible failure cases (see secion V.C) how he olages are sprea across he c link an he half brige limiaion circuis. The failure cases are simulae by urning off he conucing IGBT in he op, he boom or in boh half briges.,lim op,lim oal brige pulse off boom,lim Ch2 5 V M 1 us Ch3 5 V Ch4 5 V op half brige pulse off boom half brige pulse off Fig. 1. Volage isribuion across he hree limiaion circuis The figure on he lef shows a oal conerer pulse off, where all swiches are urne off simulaneously. The c link olage rise is here isribue o boh, he op an he boom half brige, which causes none of heir limiaion circuis o become acie. In his faul case, he limiaion circui across he c link erminals limis he olage. In he mi figure only he conucing swich of he op half brige is urne off (simulaes an IGBT, ioe or rier failure). As he IGBT in he boom half brige sill conucs, he boom c link erminal is connece o one of he mains phases. The proecion chain of he op half brige herefore sees he rising c link olage superimpose o he recifie phase-o-phase olage. This causes he olage across he op proecion circui o be higher han he olage across he c link proecion. The op limiing circui is herefore aciae. Finally he figure on he righ shows he urn off of he conucing swich in he boom half brige, which causes he boom proecion circui o be issue. VII. CONCLUSION In his paper, he behaiour of a curren source inerer equippe wih IGBTs in he case of a curren inerrupion in he c link was analyze. Base on his inesigaion, a noel sraegy was presene for proecing he inerer agains oerolages cause by hese inerrupions. In accorance o his sraegy, a proecion circui was eelope an buil up in harware. Is funcionaliy was erifie by measuremens using escases, ha represen common failures, mainly he uninenional pulse off of one or more swiches. The eices require for his proecion concep are quie small compare o he main inerer semiconucors an hey are all commercially aailable a low prices. The proecion circui is compleely inepenen from normal inerer operaion, has no effec on he CSI behaiour an wih appropriae power supply buffering (e.g. chemical capaciors) i proies proecion een in he case of oal gri blackou. REFERENCES [1] H. Inaba, K. Hirasawa, T. Ano, M. Hombu an M. Nakazao, Deelopmen of a High-Spee Eleaor Conrolle by Curren Source Inerer Sysem wih Sinusoial Inpu an Oupu, IEEE Trans. on Inusry Applicaions, Vol. 28, No. 4, July/Aug [2] M. Haberberger an F. W. Fuchs, Proecion Sraegies for IGBT Curren Source Inerers, Proc. EPE-PEMC 24, Riga [3] T. Reimann, R. Krümmer an J. Pezol, Acie Volage Clamping Techniques for Oerolage Proecion of MOS-conrolle Power Transisors, EPE'97, Tronheim, 1997, Proc. Vol. 4, pp [4] J. M. Li, X. Tian an D. Lafore, Energy Absorpion Deices for Soli Sae Inerrupion, EPE'95, Seilla, 1995, Proc. Vol. 2, pp [5] A. Murray, T. McDonal, H. Dais, J. Cao an K. Spring, Exremely Rugge MOSFET Technology wih Ulra-low R DS(on) Specifie for a Broa Range of E AR Coniions, PCIM Europe 2, Nuremberg

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