Digital Photography and Geometry Capture. NBAY 6120 March 9, 2016 Donald P. Greenberg Lecture 4

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1 Digital Photography and Geometry Capture NBAY 6120 March 9, 2016 Donald P. Greenberg Lecture 4

2 Required Reading Bilger, Burkhard. "Has the Self-Driving Car Arrived at Last?" The New Yorker. N.p., 25 Nov Web. 10 Sept

3

4 Lincoln s Daguerreotype

5 Civil War Mathew Brady

6 Eadweard Muybridge - Galloping Horse 1878

7

8

9 Color Film Paradigm Shift From multiple lenses or multiple exposures to multiple layered film The transition from the optical approach to the chemical approach formed the new basis for color photography Mannes & Godowsky 1920 s

10

11 Protective Layer Blue-sensitive Emulsion Yellow Filter Green-sensitive Emulsion Interlayer Red-sensitive emulsion Foundation Layer Acetate Base Anti-halation Backing

12 Old Days - You Dropped Off Your Roll And Got Prints Back

13 Polaroid Land Camera

14 Photo-detector Technology

15 CMOS Technology Complementary metal oxide semiconductor Cheaper manufacturing technology than CCD s Follows the semiconductor industry cost curves Reduces the number of chips/camera required Processing (which is free ) can perform calculations on each pixel within frame time (e.g. correct for lighting, motion blur, etc.).

16 Bayer Pattern $14,000 approximately, June 1994

17 Requirements For Pervasive Digital Photography High resolution, low cost image acquisition devices Sufficient computer processing power and memory systems for digital manipulation Image enhancement software with easy-to-use interfaces High density, low-cost local storage systems

18 Requirements For Pervasive Digital Photography Cheap LCD displays for previewing Bandwidth! Bandwidth! Bandwidth! High network bandwidth (wired) for distant transmission Fast throughput (e.g. Firewire) for local transmission Wireless bandwidth (local) for ease of use High quality, low cost digital printers

19 CONSUMER Digital Cameras 2012 Sony CyberShot 20 MegaPixels $80 Kodak EASYSHARE Touch M5370 Cost: $ Megapixels

20 PROFESSIONAL Digital Cameras 2014 Canon EOS 5DSR 50.6 MegaPixels $3,899 Nikon Digital SLR 16.2 MegaPixels $5,999

21 Samsung Galaxy S6 Rear Facing Camera (16 megapixels) Front Facing Camera (5 Megapixels)

22 iphone 6S Camera 12 MPixels

23 Nokia Lumia MPixels

24 Advanced Digital Photography

25 Eye of a Fly AWARE-2 Duke University

26 AWARE-2

27 AWARE-2

28

29 Creating Full View Panoramic Image Mosaics and Environment Maps 3D rotation registration of four images taken with a hand-held camera Szeliski, R., Shum, H.-Y. (1997) SIGGRAPH.

30 Gigapixel Images Prof. Pedro Sander HKUST

31

32 Canon s 250-megapixel camera sensor 09/08/15 Can read letters 11 miles away!

33 Digital Geometry Capture Photographic methods Laser scanning Pattern projection methods Time of Flight

34 Capturing Geometry from Photographs How can we extract geometric information from a set of photographs when we only have image data?

35 Simple case Known camera positions (x e, y e, z e ), camera optics, known corresponding points each image. Jeremiah Fairbank. View dependent perspective images. Master's thesis, Cornell University, August 2005.

36 Early Work

37 Sagan House

38 Sagan House

39 Capturing Geometry from Photographs Can we reconstruct the 3D geometry from a set of photographs from the same camera?

40 Autodesk 123 Catch

41 1 2 3 Catch Autodesk

42 1 2 3 Catch Autodesk

43 MagicPlan

44 Capturing Geometry from Photographs Can we reconstruct the 3D geometry from an arbitrary set of photographs?

45 Reconstructing Rome 1 The advent of digital photography and the recent growth of photo-sharing websites ( ) have brought about the seismic change in photography and the use of photo collections. 1 A search for the word Rome on returns two million photos. This collection, or others like it, capture every popular site, facade, statue, fountain, interior, café, etc.

46 Characteristics of Typical Photo Sets The photos are unstructured No particular order or distribution of camera viewpoints The photos are uncalibrated Nothing is known about the camera settings (exposure, focal length, etc.) The scale is enormous (millions, not thousands of photos) and We need to do this fast!

47 Correspondence and 3D Structure from Different Camera Positions Note: The pictures are in correspondence 2D dots with same color correspond to the same 3D points.

48 3D Structure from Different Camera Positions Camera 1 Camera 2 Camera 3

49 3D Structure from Different Camera Positions Camera 3 Camera 1 Camera 2 Assuming the position of the red dot is known, there is reprojection error in Camera 3.

50 Change the Problem to an optimization problem Minimize the sum of the squares of the reprojection errors. This non-linear least squares problem is difficult to solve due to local minima and maxima.

51 Feature Detection and Matching A track corresponding to a point on the face of the central statue of Oceanus at the Trevi Fountain, the embodiment of a river encircling the world in Greek mythology. Sameer Agarwal, Yasutaka Furukawa, Naoh Snavely, Brian Curless, Steve M. Seitz, Richard Szeliski. Reconstructing Rome, IEEE Computer, June 2010.

52 Colosseum The Colosseum (Rome) Reconstructed dense 3D point models. For places with many available images, reconstruction quality is very high. Sameer Agarwal, Yasutaka Furukawa, Naoh Snavely, Brian Curless, Steve M. Seitz, Richard Szeliski. Reconstructing Rome, IEEE Computer, June 2010.

53 Cornell Campus, McGraw Hall - Noah Snavely

54 Light Field Photography

55 What is a Light Field? Radiance is defined as the light energy coming from a specific direction. A light field is defined as the radiance at a position (x, y), and a direction (θ, φ). Thus, the light field is a 4-dimensional space.

56 Light Field

57 Light Field

58 Multi-camera array and LF camera are duals

59 Key LF-camera advantage: a single lens (more familiar, reduces complexity, simplifies calibration, )

60

61

62

63

64

65 The Lytro Camera

66 Lytro Camera

67 Key LF-camera advantage: a single lens (more familiar, reduces complexity, simplifies calibration, )

68 Digital Geometry Capture Photographic methods Laser scanning Pattern projection methods Time of Flight

69 Cyberware Scanner

70 Cyberware Scanner Diagram

71 Cyberware Scanner

72 Uncle Don

73 Cyberware vs Catch

74 End

Digital Photography and Geometry Capture. NBAY 6120 March 8, 2018 Donald P. Greenberg Lecture 3

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