REAL TIME INTRUDER DETECTION USING PASSIVE INFRARED SENSORS

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Volume 118 No. 20 2018, 1219-1224 ISSN: 1311-8080 (printed version); ISSN: 1314-3395 (on-line version) url: http://www.ijpam.eu ijpam.eu REAL TIME INTRUDER DETECTION USING PASSIVE INFRARED SENSORS V.

1 Volume 118 No , ISSN: (printed version); ISSN: (on-line version) url: ijpam.eu REAL TIME INTRUDER DETECTION USING PASSIVE INFRARED SENSORS V.Gomathy 1, S.Sheeba Rani Gnanamalar 2, B.Sangeetha 3, K.Sujatha 4 1,2,3 Assistant Professor, Department of EEE, SKCET, Coimbatore, 4 Professor, Department of CSE, SKCET, Coimbatore, 1 gomathyv@skcet.ac.in, 2 sheebaranis@skcet.ac.in, 3 sangeethab@skcet.ac.in, 4 sujathaspss@gmail.com Abstract: Abstract-In this paper, a PIR based security system which saves the power consumption and the memory space of the recording system has been proposed. Passive Infrared Radiation (PIR) sensor detects the change in infrared radiation of warm blooded moving object in its detection range. According to the change in infrared radiation, there will be a change in the voltages generated which was amplified and used to turn ON the webcam and lighting system through relay. Software was developed and installed in the computer to capture and record the video when the webcam gets turned ON. When an intruder comes in the detection range of the PIR sensor, it actuates the lighting system and the webcam. The software detects the webcam connection; it will start to record and save the video. Once the intruder moves out of detection range of the sensor, the webcam and light gets turn OFF. The software repeats the process. Thus the saves power consumption and the memory space of the recording system as the lamp and webcam will only get turned ON when PIR sensors detects an object. Consequently the system starts recording only when the webcam is turned ON; hence saving memory space. Keywords: Passive infrared sensors, Security, Protection, Humans, Communication System control, Raspberry pi, Internet of Things. amount of charges also changes and this can then be measured with a sensitive FET device built into the sensor. The sensor elements are sensitive to radiation over a wide range. So, a filter window is added to limit the incoming radiation to the8 14m range which is most sensitive to human body radiation. 2. Components 1. IR SENSOR: A Infrared sensor(ir sensor) is an electronic device that measures infrared (IR) light radiating from objects in its field of view.apparent motion is detected when an infrared source with one temperature, such as a human, passes in front of an infrared source with another temperature, such as a wall.all objects emit what is known as black body radiation. It is usually infrared radiation that is invisible to the human eye but can be detected by electronic devices designed for such a purpose. Infra meaning below our ability to detect it visually, and Red because this color represents the lowest energy level that our eyes can sense before it becomes invisible. Thus, infrared means below the energy level of the color red, and applies to many sources of invisible energy. 1. Introduction The system is termed as "People Tracker", which is a sensor system that is capable of tracking occupants in a building for security purposes. In this project, PIR is used as the motion detector to detect the presence of human in a designated area. PIR sensor is made of a crystalline material that generates a surface electric charge when exposed to heat in the form of infrared radiation. Infrared radiation exists in the electromagnetic spectrum at a wavelength that is longer than the visible light. Infrared radiation cannot be seen but it can be detected. When the amount of radiation striking the crystal changes, the 1219

Infrared transmitter is one type of LED which emits infrared rays generally called as IR Transmitter. Similarly IR Receiver is used to receive the IR rays transmitted by the IR transmitter.

2 Infrared transmitter is one type of LED which emits infrared rays generally called as IR Transmitter. Similarly IR Receiver is used to receive the IR rays transmitted by the IR transmitter. One important point is both IR transmitter and receiver should be placed straight line to each other.the transmitted signal is given to IR transmitter whenever the signal is high, the IR transmitter LED is conducting it passes the IR rays to the receiver.when receiver receives the signal from the transmitter it resistance value is low.it resistance value become high when the signal was cut. By this sensor sense the value. for many of the things that your average desktop does - spreadsheets, word-processing, games and it also plays high-definition video. The Raspberry Pi charitable foundation wants to see the device being used by kids all over the world to learn programming and electronics. Pi was introduced as an educational gadget to be used for protyping by hobbyists and for those who want to learn more about programming. It certainly cannot be a substitute for our day to day Linux, Mac or Windows PC. Pi is based on a Broadcom SoC (System of Chip) with an ARM processor [~700 MHz], a GPU and 256 to 512 MB RAM. The boot media is an SD card [which is not included], and the SD card can also be used for persist data. Now that you know that the RAM and processing power are not nearly close to the power house machines you might have at home, these Pi s can be used as a Cheap computer for some basic functions, especially for experiments and education. The Pi comes in three Configurations and we will discuss the specifications of those in the coming sections. The cost of a Pi is around $35 for a B Model and is available through many online and physical stores. 2. RASPBERRY PI: The Raspberry Pi is a credit-card sized computer that plugs into your TV and a keyboard, which can be used 3. SIGNAL CONDITIONING UNIT (SCU): The signal conditioning unit accepts input signals from the analog sensors and gives a conditioned output of 0-5V DC corresponding to the entire range of each parameter. This unit also accepts the digital sensor inputs and gives outputs in 10 bit binary with a positive logic 1220

3 level of +5V. The calibration voltages* (0, 2.5 and 5V) and the health bits are also generated in this unit. Microcontrollers are widely used for control in power electronics. They provide real time control by processing analog signals obtained from the system. A suitable isolation interface needs to be designed for interaction between the control circuit and high voltage hardware. A signal conditioning unit which provides necessary interface between a high power grid inverter and a low voltage controller unit. 4.WEB CAMERA: A webcam is a video camera that feeds its images in real time to a computer or computer network, often via USB, ethernet, or Wi-Fi. Their most popular use is the establishment of video links, permitting computers to act as videophones or videoconference stations. The common use as a video camera for the World Wide Web gave the webcam its name. Other popular uses include security surveillance, computer vision, video broadcasting, and for recording social videos. Webcams are known for their low manufacturing cost and flexibility, [1] making them the lowest cost form of videotelephony. They have also become a source of security and privacy issues, as some built-in webcams can be remotely activated via spyware. Early development First developed in 1991, a webcam was pointed at the Trojan Room coffee pot in the Cambridge University Computer Science Department. The camera was finally switched off on August 22, The final image captured by the camera can still be viewed at its homepage. [2][3] The oldest webcam still operating is FogCam at San Francisco State University, which has been running continuously since [4] Connectix QuickCam The first commercial webcam, the black-and-white QuickCam, entered the marketplace in 1994, created by the U.S. computer company Connectix (which sold its product line to Logitech in 1998). QuickCam was available in August 1994 for the Apple Macintosh, connecting via a serial port, at a cost of $100. Jon Garber, the designer of the device, had wanted to call it the "Maccamera", but was overruled by Connectix's marketing department; a version with a PC-compatible serial port and software for Microsoft Windows was launched in October The original QuickCam provided 320x240-pixel resolution with a grayscale depth of 16 shades at 60 frames per second, or 256 shades at 15 frames per second. [5] In 2010, Time Magazine named the QuickCam as one of the top computer devices of all time. [6] Videoconferencing via computers already existed, and at the time client-server based videoconferencing software such as CU-SeeMe had started to become popular. Later developments One of the most widely reported-on webcam sites was JenniCam, created in 1996, which allowed Internet users to observe the life of its namesake constantly, in the same vein as the reality TV seriesbig Brother, launched four years later. [7] More recently, the website Justin.tv has shown a continuous video and audio stream from a mobile camera mounted on the head of the site's star. Other cameras are mounted overlooking bridges, public squares, and other public places, their output made available on a public web page in accordance with the original concept of a "webcam". Aggregator websites have also been created, providing thousands of live video streams or up-to-date still pictures, allowing users to find live video streams based on location or other criteria. Around the turn of the 21st century, computer hardware manufacturers began building webcams directly into laptop and desktop screens, thus eliminating the need to use an external USB or Firewire camera. Gradually webcams came to be used more for telecommunication, or videotelephony, between two people, or among a few people, than for offering a view on a Web page to an unknown public. The term 'webcam' may also be used in its original sense of a video camera connected to the Web continuously for an indefinite time, rather than for a particular session, generally supplying a view for anyone who visits its web page over the Internet. Some of them, for example, those used as online traffic cameras, are expensive, rugged professional video cameras. For less than $100 US (retail), Minoru makes a 3D webcam which produces videos and photos in 3D Anaglyph image with a resolution up to 1280x480 pixels. Both sender and receiver of the images must use 3D glasses to see the effect of three dimensional image. [8] Technology Webcams typically include a lens, an image sensor, support electronics, and may also include a microphone for sound. Various lenses are available, the most common in consumer-grade webcams being a plastic lens that can be screwed in and out to focus the camera. Fixed focus lenses, which have no provision for adjustment, are also available. As a camera system's depth of field is greater for small image formats and is greater for lenses with a large f-number (small aperture), the systems used in webcams have a sufficiently large depth of field that the use of a fixed focus lens does not impact image sharpness to a great extent. Support electronics read the image from the sensor and transmit it to the host computer. The camera pictured 1221

4 to the right, for example, uses a Sonix SN9C101 to transmit its image over USB. Typically, each frame is transmitted uncompressed in RGB or YUV or compressed as JPEG. Some cameras, such as mobile phone cameras, use a CMOS sensor with supporting electronics "on die", i.e. the sensor and the support electronics are built on a single silicon chip to save space and manufacturing costs. Most webcams feature built-in microphones to make video calling and videoconferencing more convenient. The USB video device class (UVC) specification allows for interconnectivity of webcams to computers without the need for proprietary device drivers. Microsoft Windows XP SP2, Linux [13] and Mac OS X (since October 2005) have UVC support built in and do not require extra device drivers, although they are often installed to add additional features. It is discovered from figure that the two different peaks of a real signal represent the direction of moving target. Reaching the positive threshold firstly indicates that the object is moving from one side to another. On the contrary, firstly grabbing the negative threshold means the object is moving in the opposite direction. This can be done using any microprocessor. 2. Output frequency as a function of distance and velocity For a specific practical detedting system, b f and s are constants. So f is decided by b and L. The figure gives the relation between output and frequency 3. Simulation Results 1. PIR output & detection algorithm: 3. Output signal and frequency: 1222

5 4. Conclusion This paper proposes the possibility to use PIR nodes to classify targets. By making use of a single PIR node, we can not only detect and count targets being several tens of meters away, but also can distinguish different targets by extracting features from both time domain and frequency domain. Simulation results show that the average accuracy can be up to 84.17%.Our research has liberated PIR detector from applications of alarm and surveillance. It is believed that PIR detectors are not only qualified to detect, but also to classify. In addition, they are quite appropriate to be largely employed in unattended ground sensor network (UGSN) systems which are principally implemented in battlefield and state border. In the future, we will continue to improve the classifying accuracy and try to recognize more kinds of target. References [1] M. Moghavvemi and L.C. Seng, Pyroelectric infrared sensor for intruder detection, proceedings of TENCON 2004: IEEE Region10 Conference, Chiang Mai, Thailand November 2004, pp [6] S. Lee, K.N. Ha and K.C. Lee, A pyroelectric infrared sensor based indoor location-aware system for the smart home, IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, Vol. 52, No. 4, 2006, pp [7] T. Padmapriya and V.Saminadan, Handoff Decision for Multi-user Multiclass Traffic in MIMO- LTE-A Networks, 2nd International Conference on Intelligent Computing, Communication & Convergence (ICCC-2016) Elsevier - PROCEDIA OF COMPUTER SCIENCE, vol. 92, pp: , August [8] S.V.Manikanthan and T.Padmapriya Recent Trends In M2m Communications in 4g Networks And Evolution Towards 5g, International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics, ISSN NO: , Vol-115, Issue -8, Sep [9] S.V.Manikanthan and D.Sugandhi Interference Alignment Techniques For Mimo Multicell Based On Relay Interference Broadcast Channel International Journal of Emerging Technology in Computer Science & Electronics (IJETCSE) ISSN: Volume-7, Issue 1 MARCH [2] K. Hashimoto, K. Morinaka, N. Yoshiike, C. Kawaguchi and S.Matsueda, People count system using multi-sensing application,proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Solid State Sensors and Actuators, Chicago, Illinois, USA, June 1997,pp [3] T.M. Hussain, T. Saadawi and S.A. Ahmed, Overhead infrared sensor for monitoring vehicular traffic, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, Vol. 42, No. 4, 1993, pp [4] T.M. Hussain, A. Baig, T.N. Saadawi and S.A. Ahmed, Infrared pyroelectric sensor for detection of vehicular traffic using digitalsignal processing techniques. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, Vol. 44, No. 3, 1995, pp [5] P. Zappi, E. Farella and L. Benini, Enhancing the spatial resolution of presence detection in a PIR based wireless surveillance network. Proceedings of 6th IEEE Conference on Advanced Video and Signal Based Surveillance, London, UK, 5-7 September 2007, pp

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Target Classification Using Pyroelectric Infrared Sensors in Unattended Wild Ground Environment

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL ON SMART SENSING AND INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS VOL. 6, NO. 5, DECEMBER 2013 Target Classification Using Pyroelectric Infrared Sensors in Unattended Wild Ground Environment Dongfeng Xie,