Shade and Shadow. Lights Dark Brother. Lighting Design is Shade and Shadow. Light and Shadow a unity.

Size: px

Start display at page:

Download "Shade and Shadow. Lights Dark Brother. Lighting Design is Shade and Shadow. Light and Shadow a unity."

Karin Angel Austin
5 years ago
Views:

Lights Dark Brother Shade and Shadow Light and Shadow a unity.

Lighting Design is Shade and Shadow Light and shadow belong

Yet the increasing number of artificial light sources on earth are

In architecture, the growing use of glass and other translucent

1 Lights Dark Brother Shade and Shadow Light and Shadow a unity. It is only through light and shadow that architects acquire shape. Lighting Design is Shade and Shadow Light and shadow belong together. Yet the increasing number of artificial light sources on earth are resulting in continuously decreasing zones of shadow and darkness. In architecture, the growing use of glass and other translucent layers questions the very significance of shadows. Do they protect against or cause a loss of brightness? Do we even need shadows today at all? 1

Shadows are full of Secrets The table cast a shadow on the grass. Why do we say the table cast a shadow on the grass, and not the grass cast a shadow on the table?

2 Shadows are full of Secrets The table cast a shadow on the grass. Why do we say the table cast a shadow on the grass, and not the grass cast a shadow on the table? Shadows are full of Secrets A shadow is the absence of light. a negative entity, an absence, a hole in the light, there is nothing within the shadow to give it direction. 2

We say.. the beams run from wall to wall.

rays of vision just as there are not shadow rays.

3 We say.. the beams run from wall to wall.. even though the beams do not move. We say we can see the sea even if it is the light from the sea that moves towards us and there are no rays of vision just as there are not shadow rays. Shadow Terminology Shading Attached Shadow Inter-reflection Cast Shadow Penumbra 3

$Shadow Terminology Shade and Shadow Highlight Refracted$ Terminology Shading Shading Diffuse Highlight Glossy Light

4 Shadow Terminology Shade and Shadow Highlight Refracted Shadow Refracted Light Cast Shadow Penumbra Shadow Terminology Shading Shading Diffuse Highlight Glossy Light Direction Light travels in a straight line radiates out from the source 4

5 Light Direction of Clear Lamps Light travels in a straight line radiates out from the source. add a clear enclosure or envelope around the source, the light will still travel in a straight line. Light Direction of Frosted Lamps Light travels in a straight line radiates out from the source. add a coated or frosted enclosure or envelope around the source, the direction of light will bend and radiate from the surface of the enclosure Penumbra Full Light 100% Small light source 0% No light 5

6 Penumbra Full Light 100% Large light source 0% No light Shade and Shadow Shade Shadow Colored Shadows 6

The Allegory of the Cave Plato realizes that the general run of humankind can think, and speak, etc.

The allegory of the cave is supposed to explain this.

heads. All they can see is the wall of the cave. Behind them burns a fire.

The puppeteers, who are behind the prisoners, hold up puppets that cast shadows on the wall of the cave.

What the prisoners see and hear are shadows and echoes cast by objects that they do not see.

7 The Allegory of the Cave Plato realizes that the general run of humankind can think, and speak, etc., without (so far as they acknowledge) any awareness of his realm of Forms. The allegory of the cave is supposed to explain this. In the allegory, Plato likens people untutored in the Theory of Forms to prisoners chained in a cave, unable to turn their heads. All they can see is the wall of the cave. Behind them burns a fire. Between the fire and the prisoners there is a parapet, along which puppeteers can walk. The puppeteers, who are behind the prisoners, hold up puppets that cast shadows on the wall of the cave. The prisoners are unable to see these puppets, the real objects, that pass behind them. What the prisoners see and hear are shadows and echoes cast by objects that they do not see. The prisoners may learn what a book is by their experience with shadows of books. But they would be mistaken if they thought that the word "book" refers to something that any of them has ever seen. Likewise, we may acquire concepts by our perceptual experience of physical objects. But we would be mistaken if we thought that the concepts that we grasp were on the same level as the things we perceive. Shadows in Science Shadows Teach Us 7

8 Shadows Teach Us Shade and Shadow Shadow Recognition (identification) We see a shadow, then activate a recognition process that triggers the category of the object Shadow Recognition (identification) We see a shadow, then activate a recognition process that triggers the category of the object 8

Shadows and Distance Shade and Shadow Shadows Define or Confuse Shadows and shading are used in perception in

However this ability may conflict with other visual capabilities and be overrun by them.

Do you see them from top of bottom of the stair? These two round images are simply flipped copies of each other.

source coming from above - the shadows from such a light source are only consistent with a dent (left) and bump

9 Shadows and Distance Shade and Shadow Shadows Define or Confuse Shadows and shading are used in perception in order to reconstruct object s shape and relative position. However this ability may conflict with other visual capabilities and be overrun by them. You can use a shadow to disambiguate an image. Are these steps ascending of descending? Do you see them from top of bottom of the stair? These two round images are simply flipped copies of each other. The reason they look different is that your visual system is inclined to interpret images as having a light source coming from above - the shadows from such a light source are only consistent with a dent (left) and bump (right). Shadows Proofs Typically shadows hide. But, a shadows can also reveal. In this case, the round shadow cast from some object out of view can sharpen the contrast of the small shadow, and make it more visible. 9

Losing Shadows Shade and Shadow The image of a face is seen on the left shadows reveal the contour, But, outline the shadow, and

The outlining turns the shadow into a non-shadow, and prevents vision from using it to reconstruct the 3-D structure of object.

Lightness is the perceived reflectance of a surface.

Brightness is the perceived intensity of light coming from the image itself, rather than any property of the portrayed scene.

10 Losing Shadows Shade and Shadow The image of a face is seen on the left shadows reveal the contour, But, outline the shadow, and the effect is lost. The outlining turns the shadow into a non-shadow, and prevents vision from using it to reconstruct the 3-D structure of object. Shadows Define or Confuse Our visual system can assign different interpretations to areas in th image that have the same content. Lightness is the perceived reflectance of a surface. It represents the visual system's attempt to extract reflectance based on the luminances in the scene. Brightness is the perceived intensity of light coming from the image itself, rather than any property of the portrayed scene. Brightness is sometimes defined as perceived luminance. Shadows Define or Confuse The importance of scene interpretation.. one sees two different or identical objects? Click for Demo Click for Demo The impossible steps. On the left, the horizontal strips appear to be due to paint; on the right, they appear to be due to shading. Click for Demo 10

11 Famous Shadows Shade and Shadow Famous Shadows Famous Shadows 11

12 Famous Shadows Shade and Shadow Larry Kagan For light lends a building its contour...and shadow lends it depth. 12

13 Tandao Ando Forest of Tombs Museum Tandao Ando Church of the light Tandao Ando Hyogo Prefectural Museum 13

14 Tandao Ando Church On The Water Tandao Ando Links Luis Barragán 14

15 Louis Kahn Louis Kahn Le Corbusier 15

16 Le Corbusier Shade and Shadow Steven Holl Loisium Visitor Center Herzog and de Meuron Walker Art Center 16

17 Etchings and Sketchs Shade and Shadow Giorgio de Chrico's Mystery and Melancholy of a Street The Disquieting Muses Photographs 17

18 Day to Night 18

19 19

20 20

21 21

22 22

23 23

24 24

25 25

26 26

27 27

28 28

29 29

30 30

31 31

32 32

33 33

34 34

35 35

36 Day to Night - Landscape Defining Spatial Borders - Vertical 36

Wall Washing Wall Washing Wall Washing 1.

Rule of Thumb: Mounting Distance = 1/3 the Ceiling height 1.

ceilings up to 9 feet and 11 feet high. 3.

37 Wall Washing Wall Washing Wall Washing 1. Rule of Thumb: Mounting Distance = Spacing Distance 2. Rule of Thumb: Mounting Distance = 1/3 the Ceiling height 1. Mount the wall wash fixtures 2 to 3 feet from the wall on ceilings up to 9 feet high. 2. Mount the wall wash fixtures 3 to 4 feet from the wall on ceilings up to 9 feet and 11 feet high. 3. Applies to recessed or track fixtures 4. Layout at corners aligns 45 degrees to the corner 5. Follow Manufactures Recommendations! 37

38 Wall Grazing Wall Grazing For dramatic shadows on textured surfaces (such as draperies, stone, or brick) mount the fixtures 6 to 12 inches from the wall, with the fixtures the same distance apart and aimed downward for a grazing effect. 38

39 Rear Illumination Rear Illumination A Cavity Section A lamps diffuser A Reflected View Rear Illumination 39

40 Rear Illumination 40

41 Rear Illumination Ceiling lighting requires sufficient room height to achieve even light distribution. Uplights should be mounted above eye-level to avoid direct glare. The ceiling offset depends on the degree of evenness required. 41

Structure Lighting Criteria for Building Floodlighting: It is assumed that careful thought has been given, and cost analysis carried out, to determine whether floodlighting the structure is desirable

42 Structure Lighting Criteria for Building Floodlighting: It is assumed that careful thought has been given, and cost analysis carried out, to determine whether floodlighting the structure is desirable and will be of benefit. From a design guideline point-of-view, the following should be considered: 1. What features of the building might best be highlighted? 2. Should the entire structure be highlighted, or only a portion of it? 3. From what angles can these illuminated portions be seen? To justify the lighting, worthwhile viewing points (such as from expressways, streets, bridges, overlooks, et cetera) should exist. 4. How bright should the lighting be? What portions should be brightest? 5. What color should the light be? Is it desirable to change the color of the building at night? A mock-up of the light source can determine the appropriate lamp for the project. 6. And the primary question-what appearance should the building have at night? The intensity and type of light are of secondary importance since these are merely the tools employed to achieve the end result. Structure Lighting Concepts for Illumination There are three basic types of building illumination: Internal - the illumination of interior surfaces visible from the exterior to create a glow from windows Immediate - the illumination of architectural features Far - floodlighting of entire facades Structure Lighting Internal Lighting Examples Illuminate interior apertures (windows, entries, archways) 42

Examples Illuminate surfaces (key facades, brighter at top) Structure

43 Structure Lighting Immediate Lighting Examples Illuminate architectural features (window frames, buttress, arches) Structure Lighting Far Lighting Examples Illuminate surfaces (key facades, brighter at top) Structure Lighting Far Lighting Examples Illuminate surfaces (key facades, brighter at top) 43

44 For mirrored walls, the lighting layout should be chosen such that the pattern continues uniformly in the reflection. 44

Light In Architecture

Light In Architecture Designing with Light Light plays a central role in the design of a visual environment. The architecture, people and objects are all made visible by the lighting. Light influences our well-being, the aesthetic